Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

be expressed in particular way

  • 1 go

    go [gəʊ]
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    4. noun
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► vb: 3rd pers sg pres goes, pret went, ptp gone
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► When go is part of a set combination, eg go cheap, go too far, look up the other word.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
       a. ( = move) aller
    • where are you going? où allez-vous ?
    • there he goes! le voilà !
    • you can go next allez-y(, je vous en prie) !
    ► to go + preposition
    • the train goes at 90km/h le train roule à 90 km/h
    • where do we go from here? qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?
    • to go to France/to London aller en France/à Londres
    • to go swimming (aller) nager► go and...
    • go and get me it! va me le chercher !
    • now you've gone and broken it! (inf) ça y est, tu l'as cassé !
       b. ( = depart) partir ; ( = disappear) disparaître ; [time] passer ; ( = be sacked) être licencié
    • when does the train go? quand part le train ?
    • after I've gone ( = left) après mon départ ; ( = died) quand je ne serai plus là
    • after a week all our money had gone en l'espace d'une semaine, nous avions dépensé tout notre argent
    • there goes my chance of promotion! je peux faire une croix sur ma promotion !
    • going, going, gone! une fois, deux fois, trois fois, adjugé, vendu !
    ► to let sb go ( = allow to leave) laisser partir qn ; ( = make redundant) se séparer de qn ; ( = stop gripping) lâcher qn
    • let go! lâchez !
    • to let go of sth/sb lâcher qch/qn
    • eventually parents have to let go of their children tôt ou tard, les parents doivent laisser leurs enfants voler de leurs propres ailes► to let sth go
       c. ( = start) [car, machine] démarrer ; ( = function) [machine, watch, car] marcher
    • how do you make this go? comment est-ce que ça marche ?
    • to be going [machine, engine] être en marche
    ► to get going [person] ( = leave)
    let's get going! allons-y ! ; ( = start) to get going with sth s'occuper de qch
    • once he gets going... une fois lancé...
    • to get things going activer les choses► to keep going ( = continue) [person] continuer ; [business] se maintenir
       d. ( = begin) there he goes again! le voilà qui recommence !
    • here goes! (inf) allez, on y va !
       e. ( = progress) aller, marcher
    • how's it going? (comment) ça va ?
    • all went well for him until... tout s'est bien passé pour lui jusqu'au moment où...
    • add the sugar, stirring as you go ajoutez le sucre, en remuant au fur et à mesure
       f. ( = turn out) [events] se passer
    • how did your holiday go? comment se sont passées tes vacances ?
    • that's the way things go, I'm afraid c'est malheureux mais c'est comme ça
       g. ( = become) devenir
    • have you gone mad? tu es devenu fou ?
       h. ( = fail) [fuse] sauter ; [bulb] griller ; [material] être usé ; [sight] baisser ; [strength] manquer
       i. ( = be sold) how much do you think the house will go for? combien crois-tu que la maison va être vendue ?
    • it went for $550 c'est parti à 550 dollars
       j. ( = be given) [prize, reward, inheritance] revenir (to à)
       k. ( = be accepted) the story goes that... le bruit court que...
    • as far as your suggestion goes... pour ce qui est de ta suggestion...
    • this explanation is fine, as far as it goes cette explication vaut ce qu'elle vaut
       m. ( = available) are there any jobs going? y a-t-il des postes vacants ?
    • is there any coffee going? est-ce qu'il y a du café ?
       o. ( = make sound or movement) faire ; [bell, clock] sonner
    ► as... go
    • he's not bad, as estate agents go il n'est pas mauvais pour un agent immobilier
       s. (US = take away) to go [food] à emporter
    ► to be going to + infinitive aller
       a. ( = travel) [+ distance] faire
       b. ( = make sound) faire
    • he went "psst" « psst » fit-il
    4. noun
    (plural goes)
       a. ( = motion) (inf) it's all go! ça n'arrête pas !
       b. ( = attempt) (inf) coup m
    • at one or a go d'un seul coup
    ► to have a go ( = try) essayer
       c. ( = success) to make a go of sth réussir qch
    [person] fonceur (inf) ; [approach, attitude] de battant
    ► go-kart noun = go-cart
    ► go-karting noun = go-carting
    ► go-to adjective [person]
       a. aller
       b. [rumour] courir
    • how does one go about getting seats? comment fait-on pour avoir des places ?
    ( = cross) traverser
    • she went across to Mrs. Smith's elle est allée en face chez Mme Smith
    [+ river, road] traverser
    ( = follow) suivre ; ( = attack) attaquer
    • go after him! suivez-le !
       a. ( = prove hostile to) [vote, judgement, decision] être défavorable à
       b. ( = oppose) aller à l'encontre de
    • it goes against my principles c'est contre mes principes► go ahead intransitive verb passer devant ; [event] avoir (bien) lieu ; [work] avancer
    • go ahead! allez-y !
    • why don't you go along too? pourquoi n'iriez-vous pas aussi ?
    • to go along with sb aller avec qn ; ( = agree with) être d'accord avec qn
       a. = go about ; go round
       a. ( = return) retourner
    • it's getting dark, shall we go back? il commence à faire nuit, on rentre ?
       b. ( = retreat) reculer
       d. ( = revert) revenir (to à)
       e. ( = extend) s'étendre
    [+ decision, promise] revenir sur
    ( = happen earlier)
    [person] passer ; [period of time] (se) passer
       a. ( = descend) descendre ; ( = fall) tomber ; ( = sink) couler ; [plane] s'écraser
       b. ( = be swallowed) it went down the wrong way j'ai (or il a etc) avalé de travers
    • to go down well/badly être bien/mal accueilli
       d. [value, price, standards] baisser
       e. ( = be relegated) être relégué
       f. [stage curtain] tomber ; [theatre lights] s'éteindre
       g. ( = go as far as) aller
       h. [balloon, tyre] se dégonfler
    • my ankle's OK, the swelling has gone down ma cheville va bien, elle a désenflé► go down as inseparable transitive verb
    ( = be regarded as) être considéré comme ; ( = be remembered as) passer à la postérité comme
    • the victory will go down as one of the highlights of the year cette victoire restera dans les mémoires comme l'un des grands moments de l'année► go down with (inf) inseparable transitive verb
    [+ illness] attraper
       a. ( = attack) attaquer
       c. ( = strive for) essayer d'avoir ; ( = choose) choisir
    • go for it! (inf) vas-y !
       a. ( = move ahead) avancer ; [economy] progresser
       b. ( = take place) avoir lieu
       c. ( = continue) maintenir
       a. ( = enter) entrer
       b. ( = attack) attaquer
       a. [+ examination] se présenter à ; [+ position, job] poser sa candidature à ; [+ competition, race] prendre part à
       b. [+ sport] pratiquer ; [+ hobby] se livrer à ; [+ style] affectionner ; [+ medicine, accounting, politics] faire
       b. ( = embark on) [+ explanation] se lancer dans
       c. ( = investigate) étudier
       d. ( = be devoted to) être investi dans
       a. ( = leave) partir
       b. [alarm clock] sonner ; [alarm] se déclencher
       c. [light, radio, TV] s'éteindre ; [heating] s'arrêter
       d. (British) [meat] s'avarier ; [milk] tourner ; [butter] rancir
       e. [event] se passer
       a. ( = proceed on one's way) (without stopping) poursuivre son chemin ; (after stopping) continuer sa route ; (by car) reprendre la route
       b. ( = continue) continuer ( doing à faire)
    • go on trying! essaie encore !
    • go on! continuez !
    • go on with you! (inf) à d'autres ! (inf)
    • if you go on doing that, you'll get into trouble si tu continues, tu vas avoir des ennuis
    • don't go on about it! ça va, j'ai compris !
       e. ( = proceed) passer
    • he went on to say that... puis il a dit que...
       f. ( = happen) se dérouler ; (for a stated time) durer
    • how long has this been going on? depuis combien de temps est-ce que ça dure ?
    • what's going on here? qu'est-ce qui se passe ici ?
    • as the day went on he became more and more anxious au fil des heures, il devenait de plus en plus inquiet
    • what a way to go on! en voilà des manières !
       i. ( = progress) [person, patient] aller
    • how is he going on? comment va-t-il ?
       a. ( = leave) sortir
       b. [fire, light] s'éteindre
       c. ( = travel) aller (to à)
       d. [sea] se retirer ; [tide] descendre
       f. [invitation] être envoyé ; [radio programme, TV programme] être diffusé
       g. (Sport) ( = be eliminated) être éliminé► go over
       a. ( = cross) aller
       b. ( = be overturned) se retourner
       a. ( = examine) [+ accounts, report] vérifier
       b. ( = review) [+ speech] revoir ; [+ facts, points] récapituler
       a. ( = turn) tourner
       c. ( = be sufficient) suffire (pour tout le monde)
       d. ( = circulate) [document, story] circuler
    • there's a rumour going round that... le bruit court que...
       e. = go about► go through
    ( = be agreed) [proposal] être accepté ; [business deal] être conclu
       a. ( = suffer, endure) endurer
       b. ( = examine) [+ list] examiner ; [+ book] parcourir ; [+ mail] regarder ; [+ subject, plan] étudier ; [+ one's pockets] fouiller dans
       c. ( = use up) [+ money] dépenser ; ( = wear out) user
       d. ( = carry out) [+ routine, course of study] suivre ; [+ formalities] accomplir ; [+ apprenticeship] faire► go through with inseparable transitive verb
    ( = persist with) [+ plan, threat] mettre à exécution
    [colours, flavours] aller (bien) ensemble ; [events, conditions, ideas] aller de pair
       a. ( = sink) [ship, person] couler
       b. ( = fail) [person, business] faire faillite► go up
       a. monter
    [+ hill] gravir
       a. [circumstances, event, conditions] aller (de pair) avec
       b. [colours] aller bien avec ; [furnishings] être assorti à ; [behaviour, opinions] cadrer avec
    * * *
    [gəʊ] 1.
    intransitive verb (3e pers sg prés goes; prét went; pp gone)
    1) (move, travel) aller ( from de; to à, en)

    to go to Wales/to California — aller au Pays de Galles/en Californie

    to go to town/to the country — aller en ville/à la campagne

    to go up/down/across — monter/descendre/traverser

    to go by bus/train — voyager en bus/train

    to go by ou past — [person, vehicle] passer

    there he goes again! — ( that's him again) le revoilà!; fig ( he's starting again) le voilà qui recommence!

    where do we go from here? — fig et maintenant qu'est-ce qu'on fait?

    2) (on specific errand, activity) aller

    to go on a journey/on holiday — partir en voyage/en vacances

    3) ( attend) aller

    to go to school/work — aller à l'école/au travail

    5) ( depart) partir
    6) euph ( die) mourir, disparaître
    7) ( disappear) partir
    8) (be sent, transmitted)
    9) ( become)

    to go mad — devenir fou/folle

    to go Labour — Politics [country, constituency] voter travailliste

    11) (be, remain)
    12) (weaken, become impaired)
    13) ( of time)

    six down and four to go! — six de faits, et encore quatre à faire!

    15) (operate, function) [vehicle, machine, clock] marcher, fonctionner

    to set [something] going — mettre [quelque chose] en marche

    to get going — [engine, machine] se mettre en marche; fig [business] démarrer

    to keep going — [person, business, machine] se maintenir

    16) ( start)

    here goes! —

    once he gets going, he never stops — une fois lancé, il n'arrête pas

    17) ( lead) aller, conduire (to à)

    the road goes down/goes up — la route descend/monte

    you can make £5 go a long way — on peut faire beaucoup de choses avec 5 livres sterling

    19) (belong, be placed) aller
    20) ( fit) gen rentrer
    24) ( happen)

    how's it going? — (colloq)

    how goes it? — hum comment ça va? (colloq)

    it's old, as Australian towns go — c'est une ville assez vieille pour une ville australienne

    it wasn't a bad party, as parties go — c'était une soirée plutôt réussie par rapport à la moyenne

    26) ( be sold)

    the house went for over £100,000 — la maison a été vendue à plus de 100000 livres

    ‘going, going, gone!’ — ‘une fois, deux fois, trois fois, adjugé!’

    I'll have some coffee, if there's any going — je prendrai bien un café, s'il y en a

    28) ( contribute)
    29) ( be given) [award, prize] aller (to à); [estate, inheritance, title] passer (to à)

    then he had to go and lose his wallet — comme s'il ne manquait plus que ça, il a perdu son portefeuille

    31) ( of money) (be spent, used up)
    32) (make sound, perform action or movement) gen faire; [bell, alarm] sonner

    the cat went ‘miaow’ — le chat a fait ‘miaou’

    33) (resort to, have recourse to)

    to go to war — [country] entrer en guerre; [soldier] partir à la guerre

    to go to law GB ou to the law US — aller en justice

    34) (break, collapse etc) [roof] s'effondrer; [cable, rope] se rompre; [light bulb] griller

    you go next — c'est ton tour après, c'est à toi après

    2.
    transitive verb (3e pers sg prés goes; prét went; pp gone) faire [number of miles]
    3.
    noun (pl goes)
    1) GB ( turn) tour m; ( try) essai m

    whose go is it? — gen à qui le tour?; ( in game) à qui de jouer?

    2) (colloq) ( energy)

    to be full of go —

    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••

    all systems are go! — Aerospace tout est paré pour le lancement!

    he's all go! — (colloq) il n'arrête pas!

    that's how it goes! —

    there you go! — (colloq) voilà!

    English-French dictionary > go

  • 2 determinado

    adj.
    1 determined, bound and determined, set, definite.
    2 given, particular.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: determinar.
    * * *
    1→ link=determinar determinar
    1 (preciso) definite, precise, certain, given, particular
    2 (día, hora, etc) fixed, set, appointed
    3 (resuelto) determined, decisive, resolute
    4 GRAMÁTICA definite
    5 MATEMÁTICAS determinate
    * * *
    (f. - determinada)
    adj.
    2) certain, particular
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=preciso) certain
    2) [persona] determined, resolute
    3) (Ling) [artículo] definite
    4) (Mat) determinate
    * * *
    - da adjetivo (definido, preciso) <fecha/lugar> certain
    * * *
    = determined, set, purposeful, dogged, determinate, unwavering, agreed, desired, hell-bent, certain, resolute.
    Ex. The fifteenth edition, published in 1951, represented a determined effort to update and unify the schedules.
    Ex. With a set number of categories the specificity of the headings to be included in the index must be determined to a large extent.
    Ex. Undue haste and panic can be minimized by calm, purposeful behavior that is reassuring to the public.
    Ex. The last 50 years of academic librarianship have seen a dogged search for standards.
    Ex. There is no coherent and determinate body of legal doctrine and the categories available for classifying legal problems simply mask the incoherency and indeterminacy of legal doctrine.
    Ex. Savage's greatest claim to the attention of present-day librarians is his inspiring and unwavering belief in the value of librarianship.
    Ex. Such reports are sent to 'correspondents' in the member states; these correspondents are responsible for forwarding the reports to an agreed list of destinations in their own country.
    Ex. Arguably, before one tries to understand what current action would be optimal, one should decide on the desired eventual outcome.
    Ex. Fuller's novel make for a form of intellectual clarity, even if that clarity, paradoxically, is expressed in a ferocious hell-bent manner.
    Ex. The same is true for personal names, for subject headings or descriptors, for certain types of titles, for classification numbers, for call numbers, and so on = Lo mismo ocurre en el caso de los nombres personales, los encabezamientos de materia o descriptores, cierto tipo de títulos, los números de clasificación, las signaturas topográficas, etc.
    Ex. The work on gaining acceptance for disabled people in the 1980s is to become more resolute in the 1990s in the name of social justice.
    ----
    * determinado de antemano = pre-established [preestablished].
    * determinado por el consumidor = consumer-driven [consumer driven].
    * determinado por el usuario = customer driven [customer-driven].
    * determinado por la genética = genetically-driven.
    * determinado por los genes = genetically-driven.
    * dispositivo de desconexión automática transcurrido un tiempo determinado = time out mechanism.
    * en determinadas ocasiones = sometimes, on particular occasions.
    * en ocasiones determinadas = on any one occasion.
    * en un momento determinado = at a particular point in time, on any one occasion.
    * número determinado de = nth.
    * * *
    - da adjetivo (definido, preciso) <fecha/lugar> certain
    * * *
    = determined, set, purposeful, dogged, determinate, unwavering, agreed, desired, hell-bent, certain, resolute.

    Ex: The fifteenth edition, published in 1951, represented a determined effort to update and unify the schedules.

    Ex: With a set number of categories the specificity of the headings to be included in the index must be determined to a large extent.
    Ex: Undue haste and panic can be minimized by calm, purposeful behavior that is reassuring to the public.
    Ex: The last 50 years of academic librarianship have seen a dogged search for standards.
    Ex: There is no coherent and determinate body of legal doctrine and the categories available for classifying legal problems simply mask the incoherency and indeterminacy of legal doctrine.
    Ex: Savage's greatest claim to the attention of present-day librarians is his inspiring and unwavering belief in the value of librarianship.
    Ex: Such reports are sent to 'correspondents' in the member states; these correspondents are responsible for forwarding the reports to an agreed list of destinations in their own country.
    Ex: Arguably, before one tries to understand what current action would be optimal, one should decide on the desired eventual outcome.
    Ex: Fuller's novel make for a form of intellectual clarity, even if that clarity, paradoxically, is expressed in a ferocious hell-bent manner.
    Ex: The same is true for personal names, for subject headings or descriptors, for certain types of titles, for classification numbers, for call numbers, and so on = Lo mismo ocurre en el caso de los nombres personales, los encabezamientos de materia o descriptores, cierto tipo de títulos, los números de clasificación, las signaturas topográficas, etc.
    Ex: The work on gaining acceptance for disabled people in the 1980s is to become more resolute in the 1990s in the name of social justice.
    * determinado de antemano = pre-established [preestablished].
    * determinado por el consumidor = consumer-driven [consumer driven].
    * determinado por el usuario = customer driven [customer-driven].
    * determinado por la genética = genetically-driven.
    * determinado por los genes = genetically-driven.
    * dispositivo de desconexión automática transcurrido un tiempo determinado = time out mechanism.
    * en determinadas ocasiones = sometimes, on particular occasions.
    * en ocasiones determinadas = on any one occasion.
    * en un momento determinado = at a particular point in time, on any one occasion.
    * número determinado de = nth.

    * * *
    A (definido, preciso) ‹fecha/lugar› certain
    quedaron en encontrarse en un lugar determinado y no apareció they agreed to meet at a certain o given place but she didn't show up
    en determinado momento me di cuenta de que se había ido at a certain point I realized that she had gone
    en determinadas circunstancias in certain circumstances
    de una manera determinada in a certain o particular way
    si se excede una determinada dosis if a particular dosage is exceeded
    B ‹persona/actitud› determined, resolute
    * * *

     

    Del verbo determinar: ( conjugate determinar)

    determinado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    determinado    
    determinar
    determinado
    ◊ -da adjetivo ‹fecha/lugar› certain;

    en determinadas circunstancias in certain circumstances;
    una determinada dosis a particular dosage
    determinar ( conjugate determinar) verbo transitivo
    1 (establecer, precisar)
    a) [ley/contrato] to state;

    [ persona] to determine

    2 ( motivar) to cause, bring about
    determinado,-a adjetivo
    1 (concreto, preciso) fixed: en determinado momento se puso a cantar, at one particular moment she began to sing
    le gusta un tipo de música muy determinado, she likes a certain kind of music
    2 Ling (artículo) definite
    3 (decidido, convencido) decisive, resolute
    determinar verbo transitivo
    1 (concretar, especificar) to fix, set
    2 (tomar una decisión) to decide on
    3 (averigurar, aclarar) las causas del secuestro están por determinar, the motives for the kidnapping are still unknown
    4 (condicionar) to determine
    5 (causar) to bring about
    ' determinado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    determinada
    - orientar
    - resuelta
    - resuelto
    - tardar
    - dado
    - dejar
    - empecinado
    English:
    certain
    - definite
    - given
    - hellbent
    - pitch
    - set
    - particular
    * * *
    determinado, -a adj
    1. [cierto, alguno] certain;
    en determinadas fechas es mejor no viajar it is better not to travel on certain dates;
    hay determinados lugares donde la delincuencia es mayor there are certain places where the crime rate is higher;
    ante determinados síntomas es mejor acudir al médico with some symptoms it is better to see your doctor
    2. [preciso, concreto] specific, particular;
    en un momento determinado no sabía qué hacer there was a point where I just didn't know what to do
    3. [resuelto] determined;
    estar determinado a hacer algo to be determined to do sth
    4. Gram definite;
    artículo determinado definite article
    * * *
    adj certain
    * * *
    determinado, -da adj
    1) : certain, particular
    2) : determined, resolute
    * * *
    1. (cierto) certain
    2. (preciso) specific / particular

    Spanish-English dictionary > determinado

  • 3 matiz

    m.
    1 shade.
    2 subtle difference (diferencia).
    sin matices unqualified, unconditional (apoyo)
    3 nuance, overtone, connotation.
    * * *
    (pl matices)
    1 (color) shade, tint
    2 (variación) nuance
    3 (rasgo) hint
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) hue
    * * *
    SM
    1) [de color] shade
    2) [de sentido] shade, nuance; (=ironía) touch
    * * *
    a) ( de color) shade, hue, nuance
    b) (de palabra, frase) nuance, shade of meaning

    se diferencian en algunos matices — there are some subtle o slight differences between them

    tiene un cierto matiz peyorativo — it has a slightly pejorative nuance o has slightly pejorative connotations

    c) ( de ironía) touch, hint
    * * *
    = inflection, nuance, overtone, colour [color, -USA], shading, undertone, tint, sidenote [side-note], tinge, twist.
    Ex. The correct inflection of meaning should be conveyed by the way in which the words are used in the title.
    Ex. Their appreciation of the nuances of good abstracting style or appropriate indexing terminology may be lacking.
    Ex. Those materials they describe as ephemera must be collected and despite the derogatory overtones of the descriptor, carefully organized.
    Ex. This is why we quite often find that literary uses of language deliberately explode dictionary definitions, and by the particular way a particular author uses words, selects and orders them, they take on a highly personal color we call style.
    Ex. The darkest and the lightest shading took the shortest amount of time, the medium shading the longest.
    Ex. Speakers covered the history of the campaign to alert parents to racist undertones in children's books.
    Ex. The lighting is good but made unharmonious by the use of colour tints.
    Ex. The odour impression was a very pleasant spearmint, with green, floral, fruity, and spicy sidenotes.
    Ex. This crass suggestion carries with it more than a tinge of suburban elitism.
    Ex. Given such a narrow area in which to write it would be argued that the miracle is how so many authors can continue to find new twists to such a restricted basic theme.
    ----
    * adoptar un matiz = take on + colour.
    * con pequeños matices = nuanced.
    * matiz de significado = shade of meaning.
    * * *
    a) ( de color) shade, hue, nuance
    b) (de palabra, frase) nuance, shade of meaning

    se diferencian en algunos matices — there are some subtle o slight differences between them

    tiene un cierto matiz peyorativo — it has a slightly pejorative nuance o has slightly pejorative connotations

    c) ( de ironía) touch, hint
    * * *
    = inflection, nuance, overtone, colour [color, -USA], shading, undertone, tint, sidenote [side-note], tinge, twist.

    Ex: The correct inflection of meaning should be conveyed by the way in which the words are used in the title.

    Ex: Their appreciation of the nuances of good abstracting style or appropriate indexing terminology may be lacking.
    Ex: Those materials they describe as ephemera must be collected and despite the derogatory overtones of the descriptor, carefully organized.
    Ex: This is why we quite often find that literary uses of language deliberately explode dictionary definitions, and by the particular way a particular author uses words, selects and orders them, they take on a highly personal color we call style.
    Ex: The darkest and the lightest shading took the shortest amount of time, the medium shading the longest.
    Ex: Speakers covered the history of the campaign to alert parents to racist undertones in children's books.
    Ex: The lighting is good but made unharmonious by the use of colour tints.
    Ex: The odour impression was a very pleasant spearmint, with green, floral, fruity, and spicy sidenotes.
    Ex: This crass suggestion carries with it more than a tinge of suburban elitism.
    Ex: Given such a narrow area in which to write it would be argued that the miracle is how so many authors can continue to find new twists to such a restricted basic theme.
    * adoptar un matiz = take on + colour.
    * con pequeños matices = nuanced.
    * matiz de significado = shade of meaning.

    * * *
    1
    (rasgo): la palabra tiene matices que no se pueden traducir the word has nuances that are impossible to translate
    se diferencian en algunos matices there are some subtle o slight differences in meaning
    tiene un cierto matiz peyorativo it has a slightly pejorative nuance o has slightly pejorative connotations
    una protesta con matices políticos a protest with political overtones
    le da un matiz irónico a la afirmación it gives the statement a touch of irony
    2 (de color) shade, hue, nuance
    * * *

     

    matiz sustantivo masculino

    b) (de palabra, frase) nuance, shade of meaning;



    matiz sustantivo masculino
    1 (de color) shade
    2 (de intención) shade of meaning, nuance: había un matiz despectivo en sus palabras, there was a note of contempt in her words
    ' matiz' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aspecto
    - tinte
    - toque
    - captar
    English:
    get
    - hue
    - nuance
    - overtone
    - shade
    - tinge
    - tint
    - want
    - hint
    * * *
    matiz nm
    1. [de color] shade
    2. [rasgo]
    una revolución con matiz anarquista a revolution with anarchist characteristics;
    un conflicto que ha adquirido matices de guerra abierta a conflict which is beginning to look like open warfare;
    sus palabras tienen un matiz irónico his words are tinged with irony
    3. [diferencia] subtle difference;
    se parecen en mucho, con algunos matices importantes they are very similar, although they have a few important if subtle differences;
    expresó su apoyo sin matices a la intervención militar he expressed his unqualified o unconditional support for military intervention
    * * *
    m
    1 de ironía touch
    2 de color shade
    * * *
    matiz nm, pl matices
    1) : hue, shade
    2) : nuance
    * * *
    matiz n (de color) shade

    Spanish-English dictionary > matiz

  • 4 go

    A vi (3e pers sg prés goes ; prét went ; pp gone)
    1 (move, travel) aller (from de ; to à, en) ; to go to London/Paris aller à Londres/Paris ; to go to Wales/to Ireland/to California aller au Pays de Galles/en Irlande/en Californie ; to go to town/to the country aller en ville/à la campagne ; they went home ils sont rentrés chez eux ; she's gone to Paris elle est allée à Paris ; to go up/down/across monter/descendre/traverser ; I went into the room je suis entré dans la pièce ; to go by bus/train/plane voyager en bus/train/avion ; we went there by bus nous y sommes allés en bus ; to go by ou past [person, vehicle] passer ; that car's going very fast! cette voiture roule très vite! ; there he goes again! ( that's him again) le revoilà! ; fig ( he's starting again) le voilà qui recommence!, c'est reparti! ; who goes there? Mil qui va là? ; where do we go from here? fig et maintenant qu'est-ce qu'on fait? ;
    2 (on specific errand, activity) aller ; to go shopping aller faire des courses ; to go swimming (in sea, river) aller se baigner ; ( in pool) aller à la piscine ; to go for a walk aller se promener ; to go on a journey/on holiday partir en voyage/en vacances ; to go for a drink aller prendre un verre ; he's gone to get some wine il est allé chercher du vin ; go and answer the phone va répondre au téléphone ; go and tell them that… va leur dire que… ; go after him! poursuivez-le! ;
    3 ( attend) aller ; to go to school/ church aller à l'école/l'église ; to go to work aller or se rendre au travail ; to go to the doctor's/dentist's aller chez le médecin/dentiste ;
    4 ( used as auxiliary with present participle) she went running up the stairs elle a monté l'escalier en courant ; she went complaining to the principal elle est allée se plaindre au directeur ;
    5 ( depart) partir ; I must go, I must be going il faut que je parte or que je m'en aille ; the train goes at six o'clock le train part à six heures ; a train goes every hour il y a un train toutes les heures ; to go on holiday partir en vacances ; be gone! va-t'en!, allez-vous en! ;
    6 euph ( die) mourir, disparaître ; when I am gone quand je ne serai plus là ; the doctors say she could go at any time d'après les médecins elle risque de mourir d'un instant à l'autre ;
    7 ( disappear) partir ; half the money goes on school fees la moitié de l'argent part en frais de scolarité ; the money/cake has all gone il ne reste plus d'argent/de gâteau ; I left my bike outside and now it's gone j'ai laissé mon vélo dehors et il n'est plus là or il a disparu ; there goes my chance of winning! c'en est fait de mes chances de gagner! ;
    8 (be sent, transmitted) it can't go by post on ne peut pas l'envoyer par la poste ; these proposals will go before parliament ces propositions seront soumises au parlement ;
    9 ( become) to go red rougir ; to go white blanchir ; his hair ou he is going grey il commençe à avoir les cheveux blancs ; to go mad devenir fou/folle ; to go bankrupt faire faillite ;
    10 ( change over to new system) to go Labour/Conservative Pol [country, constituency] voter travailliste/conservateur ; to go metric adopter le système métrique ; ⇒ private, public ;
    11 (be, remain) the people went hungry les gens n'avaient rien à manger ; we went for two days without food nous avons passé deux jours sans rien manger ; to go unnoticed passer inaperçu ; to go unpunished rester impuni ; the question went unanswered la question est restée sans réponse ; to go naked se promener tout nu ; he was allowed to go free il a été libéré or remis en liberté ;
    12 (weaken, become impaired) his memory/mind is going il perd la mémoire/l'esprit ; his hearing is going il devient sourd ; my voice is going je n'ai plus de voix ; the battery is going la batterie est presque à plat ; the engine is going le moteur a des ratés ;
    13 ( of time) ( elapse) s'écouler ; three hours went by before… trois heures se sont écoulées avant que… (+ subj) ; there are only three days to go before Christmas il ne reste plus que trois jours avant Noël ; how's the time going? quelle heure est-il? ; it's just gone seven o'clock il est un peu plus de sept heures ;
    14 ( be got rid of) he's totally inefficient, he'll have to go! il est complètement incapable, il va falloir qu'on se débarrasse de lui! ; that new lampshade is hideous, it'll have to go! ce nouvel abat-jour est affreux, il va falloir qu'on s'en débarrasse! ; the car will have to go il va falloir vendre la voiture ; either she goes or I do! c'est elle ou moi! ; six down and four to go! six de faits, et encore quatre à faire! ;
    15 (operate, function) [vehicle, machine, clock] marcher, fonctionner ; to set [sth] going mettre [qch] en marche ; to get going [engine, machine] se mettre en marche ; fig [business] démarrer ; to get the fire going allumer le feu ; to keep going [person, business, machine] tenir le coup ○, se maintenir ; we have several projects going at the moment nous avons plusieurs projets en route en ce moment ; ⇒ keep ;
    16 ( start) let's get going! allons-y!, allez, on commençe! ; we'll have to get going on that translation il va falloir qu'on se mette à faire cette traduction ; to get things going mettre les choses en train ; ready, steady, go! à vos marques, prêts, partez! ; here goes!, here we go! c'est parti! ; once he gets going, he never stops une fois lancé, il n'arrête pas ;
    17 ( lead) aller, conduire, mener (to à) ; that corridor goes to the kitchen le couloir va or conduit à la cuisine ; the road goes down to the sea/goes up the mountain la route descend vers la mer/monte au sommet de la montagne ; this road goes past the cemetery ce chemin passe à côté du cimetière ;
    18 ( extend in depth or scope) the roots of the plant go very deep les racines de la plante s'enfoncent très profondément ; the historical reasons for this conflict go very deep les raisons historiques de ce conflit remontent très loin ; these habits go very deep ces habitudes sont profondément ancrées or enracinées ; as far as that goes pour ce qui est de cela ; it's true as far as it goes c'est vrai dans un sens or dans une certaine mesure ; she'll go far! elle ira loin! ; this time he's gone too far! cette fois il est allé trop loin! ; a hundred pounds doesn't go far these days on ne va pas loin avec cent livres sterling de nos jours ; one leg of lamb doesn't go very far among twelve people un gigot d'agneau n'est pas suffisant pour douze personnes ; this goes a long way towards explaining his attitude ceci explique en grande partie son attitude ; you can make £5 go a long way on peut faire beaucoup de choses avec 5 livres sterling ;
    19 (belong, be placed) aller ; where do these plates go? où vont ces assiettes? ; that table goes beside the bed cette table va à côté du lit ; the suitcases will have to go in the back il va falloir mettre les valises derrière ;
    20 ( fit) gen rentrer ; it won't go into the box ça ne rentre pas dans la boîte ; five into four won't go quatre n'est pas divisible par cinq ; three into six goes twice six divisé par trois, ça fait deux ;
    21 (be expressed, sung etc in particular way) I can't remember how the poem goes je n'arrive pas à me rappeler le poème ; how does the song go? quel est l'air de la chanson? ; the song goes something like this la chanson ressemble à peu près à ça ; as the saying goes comme dit le proverbe ; the story goes that le bruit court que, on dit que ; her theory goes something like this… sa théorie consiste à peu près à dire que… ;
    22 ( be accepted) what he says goes c'est lui qui fait la loi ; it goes without saying that il va sans dire que ; that goes without saying cela va sans dire ; anything goes tout est permis ;
    23 ( be about to) to be going to do aller faire ; it's going to snow il va neiger ; I was just going to phone you j'étais justement sur le point de t'appeler, j'allais justement t'appeler ; I'm going to phone him right now je vais l'appeler tout de suite ; I'm not going to be treated like that! je ne vais pas me laisser faire comme ça! ; we were going to go to Italy, but we changed our plans nous devions aller en Italie, mais nous avons changé d'idée ;
    24 ( happen) the party went very well la soirée s'est très bien passée ; so far the campaign is going well jusqu'à maintenant la campagne a bien marché ; how did the evening go? comment s'est passée la soirée? ; the way things are going, I don't think we'll ever get finished vu la façon dont les choses se passent or si ça continue comme ça, je pense qu'on n'aura jamais fini ; how's it going ○ ?, how are things going? comment ça va ○ ? ; how goes it? hum comment ça va ○ ?, comment va ◑ ? ;
    25 ( be on average) it's old, as Australian towns go c'est une ville assez vieille pour une ville australienne ; it wasn't a bad party, as parties go c'était une soirée plutôt réussie par rapport à la moyenne ;
    26 ( be sold) the house went for over £100,000 la maison a été vendue à plus de 100 000 livres ; we won't let the house go for less than £100,000 nous ne voulons pas vendre la maison à moins de 100 000 livres ; those rugs are going cheap ces tapis ne sont pas chers ; the house will go to the highest bidder la maison sera vendue au plus offrant ; ‘going, going, gone!’ ( at auction) ‘une fois, deux fois, trois fois, adjugé!’ ;
    27 ( be on offer) I'll have some coffee, if there's any going je prendrai bien un café, s'il y en a ; are there any drinks going? est-ce qu'il y a quelque chose à boire? ; I'll have whatever's going je prendrai ce qu'il y a ; it's the best machine going c'est la meilleure machine sur le marché ; there's a job going at their London office il y a un poste libre dans leur bureau de Londres ;
    28 ( contribute) the money will go towards a new roof l'argent servira à payer un nouveau toit ; the elements that go to make a great film les éléments qui font un bon film ; everything that goes to make a good teacher toutes les qualités d'un bon enseignant ;
    29 ( be given) [award, prize] aller (to à) ; [estate, inheritance, title] passer (to à) ; the money will go to charity les bénéfices iront aux bonnes œuvres ; most of the credit should go to the author la plus grande partie du mérite revient à l'auteur ; the job went to a local man le poste a été donné à un homme de la région ;
    30 ( emphatic use) she's gone and told everybody! elle est allée le dire à tout le monde! ; why did he go and spoil it? pourquoi est-il allé tout gâcher ? ; you've gone and ruined everything! tu t'es débrouillé pour tout gâcher! ; he went and won the competition! il s'est débrouillé pour gagner le concours! ; you've really gone and done it now! tu peux être fier de toi! iron ; then he had to go and lose his wallet comme s'il ne manquait plus que ça, il a perdu son portefeuille ;
    31 ( of money) (be spent, used up) all his money goes on drink tout son argent passe dans l'alcool ; most of his salary goes on rent la plus grande partie de son salaire passe dans le loyer ; I don't know where all my money goes (to)! je ne sais pas ce que je fais de mon argent! ;
    32 (make sound, perform action or movement) gen faire ; [bell, alarm] sonner ; the cat went ‘miaow’ le chat a fait ‘miaou’ ; wait until the bell goes attends que la cloche sonne ( subj) ; she went like this with her fingers elle a fait comme ça avec ses doigts ; so he goes ‘what about my money ○ ?’ et puis il dit or il fait, ‘et mon argent?’ ;
    33 (resort to, have recourse to) to go to war [country] entrer en guerre ; [soldier] partir à la guerre ; to go to law GB ou to the law US aller en justice ;
    34 (break, collapse etc) [roof] s'effondrer ; [cable, rope] se rompre, céder ; ( fuse) [light bulb] griller ;
    35 (bid, bet) aller ; I'll go as high as £100 j'irai jusqu'à 100 livres sterling ; I went up to £100 je suis allé jusqu'à 100 livres sterling ;
    36 ( take one's turn) you go next c'est ton tour après, c'est à toi après ; you go first après vous ;
    37 ( be in harmony) those two colours don't go together ces deux couleurs ne vont pas ensemble ; the curtains don't go with the carpet les rideaux ne vont pas avec le tapis ; white wine goes better with fish than red wine le vin blanc va mieux avec le poisson que le rouge ;
    38 ○ euph ( relieve oneself) aller aux toilettes ;
    39 US ( in takeaway) to go à emporter ; two hamburgers to go! deux hamburgers à emporter!
    1 ( travel) we had gone ten miles before we realized that… nous avions déjà fait dix kilomètres quand nous nous sommes rendu compte que… ; are you going my way? tu vas dans la même direction que moi? ; to go one's own way fig suivre son chemin ;
    2 ○ (bet, bid) I go two diamonds ( in cards) j'annonce deux carreaux ; he went £20 il a mis or parié 20 livres sterling.
    C n (pl goes)
    1 GB ( person's turn) tour m ; ( try) essai m ; it's your go ( in game) c'est ton tour, c'est à toi ; whose go is it? gen à qui le tour? ; ( in game) à qui de jouer? ; you've had two goes ( in game) tu as eu deux tours ; ( two attempts at mending sth) tu as déjà essayé deux fois ; to have a go at sth essayer de faire qch ; have another go! essaie encore une fois or un coup! ; she had several goes at the exam elle a repassé l'examen plusieurs fois ; I had to have several goes before passing j'ai dû m'y reprendre à plusieurs fois avant de réussir ;
    2 ○ ( energy) dynamisme m ; to be full of go, to be all go être très dynamique, avoir beaucoup d'allant ; he has no go in him il manque de dynamisme ;
    3 ○ GB ( bout) ( of illness) attaque f ;
    D adj all systems are go! Aerosp tout est paré pour le lancement!
    to have a go at sb s'en prendre à qn ; to make a go of sth réussir qch ; she's always on the go elle n'arrête jamais ; he's all go ○ ! il n'arrête pas! ; it's all the go ○ ! ça fait fureur! ; we have several different projects on the go at the moment nous avons plusieurs projets différents en chantier or en cours en ce moment ; (it's) no go! pas question! ; from the word go dès le départ ; that was a near go ○ ! on l'a échappé belle! ; in one go d'un seul coup ; to go one better than sb renchérir sur qn ; that's how it goes!, that's the way it goes! ainsi va le monde!, c'est la vie! ; there you go ○ ! voilà!
    ■ go about:
    1 = go around ;
    2 Naut virer de bord ; prepare to go about! parer à virer! ;
    ▶ go about [sth]
    1 ( undertake) s'attaquer à [task] ; how do you go about writing a novel? comment est-ce que vous vous y prenez pour écrire un roman? ; he knows how to go about it il sait s'y prendre ;
    2 ( be busy with) to go about one's business vaquer à ses occupations ; she went about her work mechanically elle faisait son travail machinalement.
    ■ go across:
    ▶ go across traverser ; he's gone across to the shop/neighbour's il est allé au magasin en face/chez les voisins en face ;
    ▶ go across [sth] traverser [street, river, bridge etc].
    ■ go after:
    ▶ go after [sth/sb]
    1 ( chase) poursuivre [person] ;
    2 fig ( try hard to get) he really went after that job il a fait tout son possible pour avoir ce travail.
    ▶ go against [sb/sth]
    1 ( prove unfavourable to) the vote/verdict/decision went against them le vote/le verdict/la décision leur a été défavorable or n'a pas été en leur faveur ; the war is going against them la guerre tourne à leur désavantage ;
    2 ( conflict with) être contraire à [rules, principles] ; to go against the trend aller à l'encontre de or être contraire à la tendance ; to go against the party line Pol ne pas être dans la ligne du parti ;
    3 (resist, oppose) s'opposer à, aller à l'inverse de [person, sb's wishes].
    1 ( go in front) go ahead, I'll follow you on partez devant, je vous suis ;
    2 fig ( proceed) go! ( in conversation) continue! ; go ahead and shoot! vas-y, tire! ; they are going ahead with the project ils ont décidé de mettre le projet en route ; we can go ahead without them nous pouvons continuer sans eux ; next week's strike is to go ahead la grève de la semaine prochaine va avoir lieu.
    1 ( move along) [person, vehicle] aller, avancer ; to make sth up as one goes along fig inventer qch au fur et à mesure ;
    2 ( attend) aller ; she went along as a witch elle y est allée déguisée en sorcière ; I went along as a witness j'y suis allé or je me suis présenté comme témoin.
    ▶ go along with [sb/sth] être d'accord avec, accepter [plans, wishes] ; I can't go along with that je ne peux pas accepter ça ; I'll go along with you there je suis d'accord avec vous sur ce point.
    ■ go around:
    1 (move, travel about) se promener, circuler ; to go around naked/barefoot se promener tout nu/pieds nus ; she goes around on a bicycle elle circule à bicyclette ; they go around everywhere together ils vont partout ensemble ;
    2 ( circulate) [rumour] courir ; there's a rumour going around that le bruit court que ; there's a virus going around il y a un virus qui traîne ; there isn't enough money to go around il n'y a pas assez d'argent pour tout le monde ;
    ▶ go around [sth] faire le tour de [house, shops, area] ; to go around the world faire le tour du monde ; they went around the country looking for him ils l'ont cherché dans tout le pays.
    ■ go at:
    ▶ go at [sb] ( attack) attaquer, tomber sur ;
    ▶ go at [sth] s'attaquer à, s'atteler à [task, activity].
    ■ go away [person] partir ; to go away on holiday GB ou vacation US partir en vacances ; go away and leave me alone! va-t-en et laisse-moi tranquille! ; go away and think about it réfléchissez-y ; don't go away thinking that ne va pas croire que ; this cold/headache just won't go away! je n'arrive pas à me débarrasser de ce rhume/mal de tête! ; the problems aren't just going to go away! les problèmes ne vont pas disparaître tout seuls!
    ■ go back
    1 ( return) retourner ; ( turn back) rebrousser chemin, faire demi-tour ; ( resume work) reprendre le travail ; (resume classes, studies) reprendre les cours ; as it was raining, they decided to go back comme il pleuvait, ils ont décidé de faire demi-tour or de rebrousser chemin ; they went back home ils sont rentrés chez eux ; let's go back to France rentrons en France ; to go back to the beginning recommencer ; to go back to sleep se rendormir ; to go back to work/writing se remettre au travail/à écrire ; go back! the path isn't safe reculez! le chemin est dangereux ; once you've committed yourself, there's no going back une fois que vous vous êtes engagé, vous ne pouvez plus reculer ;
    2 ( in time) remonter ; to go back in time remonter dans le temps ; to understand the problem we need to go back 20 years pour comprendre le problème il faut remonter 20 ans en arrière ; this tradition goes back a century cette tradition est vieille d'un siècle ; we go back a long way ça fait longtemps qu'on se connaît ;
    3 ( revert) revenir (to à) ; to go back to teaching revenir à l'enseignement ; to go back to being a student reprendre des études ; let's go back to what we were discussing yesterday revenons à ce que dont nous parlions hier.
    ▶ go back on [sth] revenir sur [promise, decision].
    ■ go before:
    ▶ go before ( go in front) aller au devant ; fig ( in time) se passer avant ; all that had gone before tout ce qui s'était passé avant ;
    ▶ go before [sb/sth] [person] comparaître devant [court, judge] ; the bill went before parliament le projet de loi a été soumis au parlement.
    ■ go below gen, Naut descendre.
    ■ go by:
    ▶ go by [person] passer ; [time] passer, s'écouler ; as time goes by avec le temps ; don't let such opportunities go by il ne faut pas laisser passer de telles occasions ;
    ▶ go by [sth]
    1 ( judge by) juger d'après ; to go by appearances juger d'après or sur les apparences ; going by her looks, I'd say she was about 30 à la voir, je lui donne 30 ans ; you mustn't go by what you read in the papers il ne faut pas croire tout ce que disent les journaux ; if the trailer is anything to go by, it should be a good film à en juger par la bande-annonce, ça doit être un bon film ; if the father is anything to go by, I wouldn't like to meet the son! quand on voit le père, on n'a pas envie de rencontrer le fils! ;
    2 ( proceed by) to go by the rules suivre or observer le règlement ; promotion goes by seniority la promotion se fait à l'ancienneté or en fonction de l'ancienneté.
    ■ go down:
    ▶ go down
    1 ( descend) gen descendre ; [diver] effectuer une plongée ; to go down to the cellar descendre à la cave ; to go down to the beach aller à la plage ; to go down to the pub aller au pub ; they've gone down to Brighton for a few days ils sont allés passer quelques jours à Brighton ; ‘going down!’ ( in elevator) ‘on descend!’ ; to go down on one's knees se mettre à genoux ;
    2 ( fall) [person, aircraft] tomber ; ( sink) [ship] couler, sombrer ; [person] couler, disparaître sous les flots ; most of the passengers went down with the ship la plupart des passagers ont coulé avec le navire ; the plane went down in flames l'avion s'est écrasé en flammes ; the plane went down over Normandy/the Channel l'avion s'est écrasé en Normandie/est tombé dans la Manche ; to go down for the third time [drowning person] disparaître sous les flots et se noyer ;
    3 [sun] se coucher ;
    4 ( be received) to go down well/badly être bien/mal reçu ; this remark didn't go down at all well cette remarque n'a pas été appréciée du tout ; his jokes went down well/didn't go down well with the audience le public a apprécié/n'a pas beaucoup apprécié ses plaisanteries ; another cup of coffee would go down nicely! une autre tasse de café serait la bienvenue! ;
    5 ( be swallowed) it went down the wrong way c'est passé de travers ;
    6 ( become lower) [water level, temperature] baisser ; [tide] descendre ; [price, standard] baisser ; ( abate) [storm, wind] se calmer ; [fire] s'éteindre ; the river has/the floods have gone down le niveau de la rivière/des inondations a baissé ; foodstuffs are going down (in price) les produits alimentaires deviennent moins chers ;
    7 ( become deflated) [swelling] désenfler ; [tyre, balloon] se dégonfler ;
    8 GB Univ ( break up for holiday) terminer les cours ; ( leave university permanently) quitter l'université ; when do you go down? quand est-ce que vous êtes en vacances? ;
    9 gen, Sport (fail, be defeated) perdre ; ( be downgraded) redescendre ; Corby went down 6-1 to Oxford Corby a perdu 6-1 contre Oxford ; the team has gone down to the second division l'équipe est redescendue en deuxième division ;
    10 ( be remembered) he will go down as a great statesman on se souviendra de lui comme d'un grand homme d'État ;
    11 ( be recorded) être noté ; it all goes down in her diary elle note tout dans son journal ;
    12 ( continue) the book goes down to 1939 le livre va jusqu'en 1939 ; if you go down to the second last line you will see that si vous regardez à l'avant-dernière ligne, vous verrez que ;
    13 ( be stricken) to go down with flu/malaria attraper la grippe/la malaria ;
    14 ○ GB ( be sent to prison) être envoyé en prison ;
    15 Comput [computer, system] tomber en panne ;
    ▶ go down [sth]
    1 lit descendre [hill] ; descendre dans [mine] ;
    2 ( be downgraded) to go down a class Sch redescendre d'une classe.
    ▶ go down on [sth] ( set) [sun] se coucher sur ; when the sun went down on the Roman Empire fig quand l'empire romain commençait à décliner ;
    ▶ go down on [sb] ● ( have oral sex with) tailler une pipe à ● [man] ; faire minette à ● [woman].
    ■ go for:
    ▶ go for [sb/sth]
    1 ○ (favour, have liking for) craquer ○ pour [person, physical type] ; aimer [style of music, literature etc] ; he really goes for blondes il craque ○ pour or il adore les blondes ; I don't go much for modern art je ne suis pas emballé ○ par l'art moderne, je n'aime pas tellement l'art moderne ;
    2 ( apply to) être valable pour, s'appliquer à ; that goes for all of you! c'est valable pour tout le monde! ; the same goes for him c'est valable pour lui aussi!, ça s'applique à lui aussi! ;
    ▶ go for [sb]
    1 ( attack) ( physically) attaquer, tomber sur ; ( verbally) attaquer, s'en prendre à [person] ; the two youths went for him les deux jeunes l'ont attaqué or lui ont sauté dessus ; to go for sb's throat [animal] attaquer qn à la gorge ; she really went for him! (in argument, row) elle l'a vraiment incendié!, elle s'en est prise violemment à lui! ;
    2 he has a lot going for him il a beaucoup de choses pour lui ;
    ▶ go for [sth]
    1 ( attempt to achieve) essayer d'obtenir [honour, victory] ; she's going for the gold medal/world record elle vise la médaille d'or/le record mondial ; go for it ○ ! vas-y, fonce ○ ! ; the company is going for a new image l'entreprise cherche à se donner une nouvelle image ; the team is going for a win against Italy l'équipe compte bien gagner contre l'Italie ;
    2 ( choose) choisir, prendre ; I'll go for the blue one je prendrai le bleu.
    ■ go forth sout [person] ( go out) sortir ; ( go forward) aller, avancer ; go forth and multiply allez et multipliez-vous.
    ■ go forward(s) avancer.
    ■ go in
    1 ( enter) entrer ; ( go back in) rentrer ;
    2 Mil [army, troops] attaquer ; the troops went in at dawn les troupes ont attaqué à l'aube ;
    3 ( disappear) [sun, moon] se cacher.
    ■ go in for:
    ▶ go in for [sth]
    1 ( be keen on) aimer [sport, hobby etc] ; I don't go in for sports much je n'aime pas tellement le sport ; he goes in for opera in a big way il adore l'opéra, c'est un fou d'opéra ○ ; we don't go in for that sort of thing nous n'aimons pas ce genre de chose ; they don't go in much for foreign languages at Ben's school ils ne s'intéressent pas beaucoup aux langues étrangères dans l'école de Ben ;
    2 ( take up) to go in for teaching entrer dans l'enseignement ; to go in for politics se lancer dans la politique ;
    3 ( take part in) s'inscrire à [exam, competition].
    ■ go into:
    ▶ go into [sth]
    1 ( enter) entrer dans ; fig ( take up) se lancer dans ; to go into hospital entrer à l'hôpital ; to go into parliament entrer au parlement ; to go into politics/business se lancer dans la politique/les affaires ;
    2 (examine, investigate) étudier ; we need to go into the question of funding il faut que nous étudiions la question du financement ;
    3 (explain, describe) I won't go into why I did it je n'expliquerai pas pourquoi je l'ai fait ; let's not go into that now laissons cela de côté pour l'instant ;
    4 ( launch into) se lancer dans ; she went into a long explanation of what had happened elle s'est lancée dans une longue explication de ce qui s'était passé ;
    5 ( be expended) a lot of work/money went into this project beaucoup de travail/d'argent a été investi dans ce projet ; a lot of effort went into organizing the party l'organisation de la soirée a demandé beaucoup de travail ;
    6 ( hit) [car, driver] rentrer dans, heurter ; the car went into a lamp post la voiture est rentrée dans or a heurté un réverbère.
    ▶ go in with [sb] se joindre à [person, ally, organization] ; he went in with us to buy the present il s'est mis avec nous pour acheter le cadeau.
    ■ go off:
    ▶ go off
    1 (explode, fire) [bomb] exploser ; the gun didn't go off le coup n'est pas parti ;
    2 [alarm clock] sonner ; [fire alarm] se déclencher ;
    3 ( depart) partir, s'en aller ; he went off to work il est parti au travail ; she went off to find a spade elle est allée chercher une pelle ; they went off together ils sont partis ensemble ;
    4 GB ( go bad) [milk, cream] tourner ; [meat] s'avarier ; [butter] rancir ; ( deteriorate) [performer, athlete etc] perdre sa forme ; [work] se dégrader ; ( lose one's attractiveness) [person] être moins beau/belle qu'avant ; he used to be very handsome, but he's gone off a bit il était très beau, mais il est moins bien maintenant ; the first part of the film was good, but after that it went off la première partie du film était bien, mais après ça s'est dégradé ;
    5 ○ ( fall asleep) s'endormir ;
    6 ( cease to operate) [lights, heating] s'éteindre ;
    7 (happen, take place) [evening, organized event] se passer ; the concert went off very well le concert s'est très bien passé ;
    8 Theat quitter la scène ;
    ▶ go off [sb/sth] GB I used to like him but I've gone off him je l'aimais bien avant, mais je ne l'aime plus tellement ; I've gone off opera/whisky je n'aime plus tellement l'opéra/le whisky ; I think she's gone off the idea je crois qu'elle a renoncé à l'idée.
    ▶ go off with [sb/sth] partir avec [person, money] ; she went off with all his money elle est partie avec tout son argent ; who's gone off with my pen? qui a pris mon stylo?
    ■ go on:
    ▶ go on
    1 (happen, take place) se passer ; what's going on? qu'est-ce qui se passe? ; there's a party going on upstairs il y a une fête en haut ; how long has this been going on? depuis combien de temps est-ce que ça dure? ; a lot of stealing goes on il y a beaucoup de vols ; a lot of drinking goes on at Christmas time les gens boivent beaucoup à Noël ;
    2 ( continue on one's way) poursuivre son chemin ;
    3 ( continue) continuer ; go on with your work continuez votre travail, continuez de travailler ; go on looking continuez à or de chercher ; she went on speaking elle a continué de parler ; go on, we're all listening! continue, nous t'écoutons tous! ; ‘and another thing,’ she went on, ‘you're always late’ ‘et autre chose,’ a-t-elle ajouté, ‘vous êtes toujours en retard’ ; if he goes on like this, he'll get into trouble! s'il continue comme ça, il va s'attirer des ennuis ; we can't go on like this! nous ne pouvons pas continuer comme ça! ; life must go on la vie continue ; the meeting went on into the afternoon la réunion s'est prolongée jusque dans l'après-midi ; you can't go on being a pen pusher all your life! tu ne peux pas rester gratte-papier toute ta vie! ; the list goes on and on la liste est infinie or interminable ; that's enough to be going on with ça suffit pour le moment ; have you got enough work to be going on with? est-ce que tu as assez de travail pour le moment? ; here's £20 to be going on with voici 20 livres pour te dépanner ; go on (with you) ○ ! allons donc! ;
    4 ( of time) ( elapse) as time went on, they… avec le temps, ils… ; as the evening went on, he became more animated au fur et à mesure que la soirée avançait, il devenait plus animé ;
    5 ( keep talking) to go on about sth ne pas arrêter de parler de qch, parler de qch à n'en plus finir ; he was going on about the war il parlait de la guerre à n'en plus finir ; don't go on about it! arrête de parler de ça!, change de disque! ; she went on and on about it elle en a fait toute une histoire ; he does tend to go on a bit! il a tendance à radoter ○ ! ; the way she goes on, you'd think she was an expert on the subject! à l'entendre, on croirait qu'elle est experte en la matière! ;
    6 ( proceed) passer ; let's go on to the next item passons au point suivant ; he went on to say that/describe how puis il a dit que/décrit comment ;
    7 ( go into operation) [heating, lights] s'allumer ;
    8 Theat entrer en scène ; what time do you go on? à quelle heure est-ce que vous entrez en scène? ;
    9 ( approach) it's going on three o'clock il est presque trois heures ; she's four going on five elle va sur ses cinq ans ; he's thirty going on three hum il a trente ans mais il pourrait bien en avoir trois ;
    10 ( fit) these gloves won't go on ces gants ne m'iront pas ; the lid won't go on properly le couvercle ne ferme pas bien ;
    ▶ go on [sth] se fonder sur [piece of evidence, information] ; that's all we've got to go on tout ce que nous savons avec certitude ; we've got nothing else to go on nous n'avons pas d'autre point de départ ; the police haven't got much evidence to go on la police n'a pas beaucoup de preuves à l'appui.
    ■ go on at:
    ▶ go on at [sb] s'en prendre à [person] ; he's always going on at me for writing badly il s'en prend toujours à moi à cause de ma mauvaise écriture ; they're always going on at us about deadlines ils sont toujours sur notre dos pour des histoires de délais.
    ■ go out
    1 (leave, depart) sortir ; she went out of the room elle a quitté la pièce, elle est sortie de la pièce ; to go out walking aller se promener ; to go out for a drink aller prendre un verre ; they go out a lot ils sortent beaucoup ; she likes going out elle aime sortir ; she had to go out to work at 14 il a fallu qu'elle aille travailler à 14 ans ;
    2 ( travel long distance) partir (to à, pour) ; she's gone out to Australia/Africa elle est partie pour l'Australie/l'Afrique ;
    3 ( have relationship) to go out with sb sortir avec qn ; they've been going out together for six weeks ils sortent ensemble depuis six semaines ;
    4 [tide] descendre ; the tide is going out la marée descend, la mer se retire ;
    5 Ind ( go on strike) se mettre en grève ;
    6 ( become unfashionable) passer de mode ; ( no longer be used) ne plus être utilisé ; mini-skirts went out in the 1970s les mini-jupes ont passé de mode dans les années 70 ; gas went out and electricity came in l'électricité a remplacé le gaz ;
    7 ( be extinguished) [fire, light] s'éteindre ;
    8 ( be sent) [invitation, summons] être envoyé ; ( be published) [journal, magazine] être publié ; Radio, TV ( be broadcast) être diffusé ;
    9 ( be announced) word went out that he was coming back le bruit a couru qu'il revenait ; the news went out from Washington that Washington a annoncé que ;
    10 ( be eliminated) gen, Sport être éliminé ; she went out in the early stages of the competition elle a été éliminée au début de la compétition ;
    11 (expressing compassion, sympathy) my heart goes out to them je les plains de tout mon cœur, je suis de tout cœur avec eux ; our thoughts go out to absent friends nos pensées vont vers nos amis absents ;
    12 ( disappear) all the spirit seemed to have gone out of her elle semblait avoir perdu tout son entrain ; the romance seemed to have gone out of their relationship leur relation semblait avoir perdu tout son charme ;
    13 ( end) [year, month] se terminer ;
    14 ( in cards) terminer.
    ■ go over:
    ▶ go over
    1 ( cross over) aller ; she went over to him/to the window elle est allée vers lui/vers la fenêtre, elle s'est approchée de lui/de la fenêtre ; to go over to Ireland/to America aller en Irlande/aux États-Unis ; we are now going over to Washington for more news Radio, TV nous passons maintenant l'antenne à Washington pour plus d'informations ;
    2 ( be received) how did his speech go over? comment est-ce que son discours a été reçu? ; his speech went over well son discours a été bien reçu ; to go over big ○ avoir un grand succès ;
    3 ( switch over) he went over to Labour from the Conservatives il est passé du parti des conservateurs au parti des travaillistes ; to go over to the other side fig passer dans l'autre camp ; we've gone over to gas (central heating) nous sommes passés au chauffage central au gaz ; to go over to Islam se convertir à l'Islam ;
    ▶ go over [sth]
    1 ( review) passer [qch] en revue [details] ; she went over the events of the day in her mind elle a passé en revue les événements de la journée ; we've gone over the details again and again nous avons déjà passé les détails en revue mille fois ; to go over one's lines ( actor) répéter son texte ; there's no point in going over old ground il n'y a aucune raison de revenir là-dessus ;
    2 (check, inspect) vérifier [accounts, figures] ; revoir [facts, piece of work] ; I want to go over this article once more before I hand it in je veux relire cet article une dernière fois avant de le remettre ; to go over a house faire le tour d'une maison ;
    3 ( clean) he went over the room with a duster il a donné un coup de chiffon dans la pièce ; after cleaning, go over the surface with a dry cloth après l'avoir nettoyée, essuyez la surface avec un chiffon sec or passez un chiffon sec sur la surface ;
    4 to go over a sketch in ink repasser un dessin à l'encre ;
    5 ( exceed) dépasser ; don't go over £100 ne dépassez pas 100 livres sterling.
    ■ go round GB:
    1 ( turn) [wheel, propeller etc] tourner ; the wheels went round and round les roues n'ont pas arrêté de tourner ; my head's going round j'ai la tête qui tourne ;
    2 ( call round) to go round to see sb aller voir qn ; he's gone round to Anna's il est allé chez Anna ;
    3 ( suffice) there isn't enough food/money to go round il n'y a pas assez de nourriture/d'argent pour tout le monde ; there was barely enough to go round il y en avait à peine assez pour tout le monde ;
    4 ( circulate) there's a rumour going round that le bruit court que ;
    5 ( make detour) faire un détour ; we had to go round the long way ou the long way round il a fallu qu'on prenne un chemin plus long ; I had to go round by the bridge il a fallu que je passe par or que je fasse un détour par le pont ;
    ▶ go round [sth] ( visit) faire le tour de [shops, house, museum].
    1 ( come in) entrer ; if you'll just go (on) through, I'll tell them you're here si vous voulez bien entrer, je vais leur dire que vous êtes arrivé ;
    2 ( be approved) [law, agreement] passer ; the law failed to go through la loi n'est pas passée ; the divorce hasn't gone through yet le divorce n'a pas encore été prononcé ;
    3 ( be successfully completed) [business deal] être conclu ;
    ▶ go through [sth]
    1 ( undergo) endurer, subir [experience, ordeal] ; ( pass through) passer par [stage, phase] ; in spite of all he's gone through malgré tout ce qu'il a enduré ; we've all gone through it nous sommes tous passés par là ; she's gone through a lot elle a beaucoup souffert ; he went through the day in a kind of daze toute la journée il a été dans un état second ; the country has gone through two civil wars le pays a connu deux guerres civiles ; to go through a crisis traverser une crise ; as you go through life au fur et à mesure que tu vieillis, en vieillissant ; you have to go through the switchboard/right authorities il faut passer par le standard/les autorités compétentes ; it went through my mind that l'idée m'a traversé l'esprit que ;
    2 (check, inspect) examiner, étudier ; ( rapidly) parcourir [documents, files, list] ; to go through one's mail parcourir son courrier ; let's go through the points one by one étudions or examinons les problèmes un par un ;
    3 ( search) fouiller [person's belongings, baggage] ; to go through sb's pockets/drawers fouiller dans les poches/tiroirs de qn ; at customs they went through all my things à la douane ils ont fouillé toutes mes affaires ;
    4 (perform, rehearse) répéter [scene] ; expliquer [procedure] ; let's go through the whole scene once more répétons or reprenons toute la scène une dernière fois ; there are still a certain number of formalities to be gone through il y a encore un certain nombre de formalités à remplir ; I went through the whole procedure with him je lui ai expliqué comment il fallait procéder en détail ;
    5 (consume, use up) dépenser [money] ; we went through three bottles of wine nous avons bu or descendu ○ trois bouteilles de vin ; I've gone through the elbows of my jacket j'ai usé ma veste aux coudes.
    ▶ go through with [sth] réaliser, mettre [qch] à exécution [plan] ; in the end they decided to go through with the wedding finalement ils ont décidé de se marier ; I can't go through with it je ne peux pas le faire ; you'll have to go through with it now il va falloir que tu le fasses maintenant.
    1 ( harmonize) [colours, pieces of furniture etc] aller ensemble ; these colours don't go together ces couleurs ne vont pas ensemble ;
    2 ( entail each other) aller de pair ; poverty and crime often go together la pauvreté et le crime vont souvent de pair ;
    3 ○ †( have relationship) [couple] sortir ensemble.
    1 [boat, ship] couler, sombrer ; [drowning person] couler, disparaître sous les flots ;
    2 fig ( succumb) [person] succomber ; ( go bankrupt) [business, company] faire faillite.
    ■ go up:
    ▶ go up
    1 ( ascend) monter ; to go up to bed monter se coucher ; they've gone up to London ils sont allés or montés à Londres ; they've gone up to Scotland ils sont allés en Écosse ; ‘going up!’ ( in elevator) ‘on monte!’ ;
    2 ( rise) [price, temperature] monter ; Theat [curtain] se lever (on sur) ; petrol has gone up (in price) (le prix de) l'essence a augmenté ; unemployment is going up le chômage augmente or est en hausse ; our membership has gone up le nombre de nos adhérents a augmenté ; a cry went up from the crowd un cri est monté or s'est élevé de la foule ;
    3 ( be erected) [building] être construit ; [poster] être affiché ; new office blocks are going up all over the place on construit de nouveaux immeubles un peu partout ;
    4 (be destroyed, blown up) [building] sauter, exploser ;
    5 GB Univ ( start university) entrer à l'université ; ( start term) reprendre les cours ;
    6 ( be upgraded) the team has gone up to the first division l'équipe est passée en première division ;
    7 ( continue) the book/series goes up to 1990 le livre/la série va jusqu'en 1990 ;
    ▶ go up [sth]
    1 ( mount) monter, gravir [hill, mountain] ;
    2 to go up a class Sch passer dans une classe supérieure.
    ■ go with:
    ▶ go with [sth]
    1 (match, suit) aller avec ; your shirt goes with your blue eyes ta chemise va bien avec tes yeux bleus ; white wine goes better with fish than red wine le vin blanc va mieux avec le poisson que le rouge ;
    2 ( accompany) aller de pair avec ; the car goes with the job la voiture va de pair avec la situation ; the responsibilities that go with parenthood les responsabilités qui vont de pair avec le fait d'être parent ;
    ▶ go with [sb] ( date) sortir avec ; ( have sex with) coucher avec [person].
    ▶ go without s'en passer ; you'll just have to go without! il va falloir que tu t'en passes!, il va falloir que tu fasses sans! ;
    ▶ go without [sth] se passer de [food, luxuries].

    Big English-French dictionary > go

  • 5 dirección

    f.
    1 direction, guidance, orientation, tack.
    2 address, postal address.
    3 steering wheel, steering.
    4 management, administration.
    5 editorial board.
    6 editorship.
    7 authorities.
    8 leadership, leaders of the party.
    * * *
    1 (acción de dirigir) management, running
    2 (cargo) directorship, position of manager; (de un partido) leadership; (de un colegio) headship; (de editorial) position of editor
    3 (junta) board of directors, management
    4 (oficina) head office, headquarters plural
    5 (sentido) direction, way
    6 (destino) destination
    7 (domicilio) address
    8 TÉCNICA steering
    \
    llevar la dirección de algo to run something, direct something
    dirección asistida AUTOMÓVIL power assisted steering, power steering
    dirección general head office
    * * *
    noun f.
    2) direction, way
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=sentido) direction

    ¿podría indicarme la dirección de la playa? — could you show me the way to the beach?

    • salir con dirección a — to leave for

    • ir en dirección contraria — to go the other way

    • de dos direcciones Esp —

    • ir en dirección a — to go in the direction of, go towards, head for

    el taxi iba en dirección al aeropuerto — the taxi was going in the direction of o towards the airport, the taxi was heading for the airport

    • calle de dirección obligatoria o única — one-way street

    2) (=orientación) way
    3) (=señas) address

    • poner la dirección a un sobre — to address an envelope

    4) (=control) [de empresa, hospital, centro de enseñanza] running; [de partido] leadership; [de película] direction

    dirección colectiva, dirección colegiada — (Pol) collective leadership

    5) (=personal directivo)

    • la dirección — [de empresa, centro escolar] the management; [de partido] the leadership; [de periódico] the editorial board

    prohibido fumar en este local: la dirección — smoking is prohibited in this building: the management

    6) (=cargo) [en colegio] headship, principalship (EEUU); [en periódico, revista] editorship; [en partido] leadership; [de gerente] post of manager; [de alto cargo] directorship
    7) (=despacho) [en colegio] headteacher's office, principal's office (EEUU); [en periódico, revista] editor's office; [de gerente] manager's office; [de alto cargo] director's office
    8) (=oficina principal) head office

    Dirección General de Seguridad — State Security Office, State Security Service

    dirección provincial — regional office of a government department

    9) (Aut, Náut) steering

    dirección asistida, dirección hidráulica — LAm power steering

    * * *
    1) ( señas) address
    2) (sentido, rumbo) direction

    ¿en qué dirección iba? or ¿qué dirección llevaba? — which way was he heading o going?

    3) (Auto) ( mecanismo) steering
    4) (Adm)
    a) ( cargo - en escuela) principalship (AmE), headship (BrE); (- en empresa) post o position of manager
    b) ( cuerpo directivo - de empresa) management; (- de periódico) editorial board; (- de prisión) authorities (pl); (- de partido) leadership
    c) ( oficina - en escuela) principal's office (AmE), headmaster's/headmistress's office (BrE); (- en empresa) manager's/director's office; (- en periódico) editorial office
    5)
    a) (de obra, película) direction
    c) (de empresa, proyecto) management
    * * *
    1) ( señas) address
    2) (sentido, rumbo) direction

    ¿en qué dirección iba? or ¿qué dirección llevaba? — which way was he heading o going?

    3) (Auto) ( mecanismo) steering
    4) (Adm)
    a) ( cargo - en escuela) principalship (AmE), headship (BrE); (- en empresa) post o position of manager
    b) ( cuerpo directivo - de empresa) management; (- de periódico) editorial board; (- de prisión) authorities (pl); (- de partido) leadership
    c) ( oficina - en escuela) principal's office (AmE), headmaster's/headmistress's office (BrE); (- en empresa) manager's/director's office; (- en periódico) editorial office
    5)
    a) (de obra, película) direction
    c) (de empresa, proyecto) management
    * * *
    dirección1
    1 = administration, directorship, management, senior staff, governance, senior management, top management, headship, steerage, directing, leadership, senior managers.

    Ex: Since the Reagan administration began its war on waste in 1981, farmers and other citizens have had not alternative to buying their information from the private sector at far steeper prices.

    Ex: An applicant for the directorship of a medium-sized public library is asked to explain how he would conduct a community survey and demonstrate how he would plan library programs.
    Ex: The practice of librarianship requires performance of the same management functions irrespective of position.
    Ex: Senior SLIS staff were seen to be relatively content with their present levels of funding which has been modestly increased in recent years = El personal de dirección de las EUBYD parecía estar relativamente contento con sus niveles actuales de financiación que se han incrementado moderadamente en los últimos años.
    Ex: Public libraries specifically face enormous problems of funding and governance.
    Ex: In some library authorities these associations are highly developed and form a positive bridge between junior staff and the senior management.
    Ex: Nevertheless, performance evaluation can be made more effective if, as stated earlier, the program is strongly supported by top management.
    Ex: In the context of collegial management in university libraries, this article presents the advantages and disadvantages of rotating headships.
    Ex: Incorrect reference entry is an unpardonable sin, since the purpose of the entry is to give exact steerage to the original paper from the abstract.
    Ex: All managers should be knowledgeable in strategies of good directing so that a productive and nurturing environment can be created.
    Ex: The leadership challenge is to flatten out differences, identify the new goals, and make tough decisions.
    Ex: Our senior managers are responsible for the day-to-day running of the organisation.
    * asumir la dirección = take over + the leadership (from).
    * bajo la dirección de = under the supervision of.
    * comité de dirección = steering committee.
    * de dirección = directorial, administrative.
    * dirección cinematográfica = film direction.
    * dirección compartida = shared governance.
    * dirección de la biblioteca = library administrators.
    * dirección de la biblioteca, la = library administration, the.
    * dirección general = directorate-general.
    * dirección participativa = participative management.
    * en el puesto de dirección = in the hot seat.
    * en la dirección = in the saddle.
    * en la dirección (de) = at the helm (of).
    * equipo de dirección = management, management team, administrative team.
    * grupo de dirección = management.
    * junta de dirección = board of directors.
    * junta de dirección de la escuela = school board.
    * nivel alto de dirección = higher management.
    * ocupar un cargo de dirección = hold + a chair.
    * personal de dirección = senior staff, senior management.
    * puesto de dirección = position of leadership.
    * relativo a la dirección = directorial.
    * resumen de la dirección = executive summary.
    * reunión de la dirección = board meeting.

    dirección2
    2 = direction, quarter.

    Ex: Thus the thesaurus user may approach a term from 'either direction'.

    Ex: A reappraisal is therefore outlined here with the understanding that it is open to rebuttal and challenge from whatever quarter.
    * cambiar dirección = change + direction.
    * cambio de dirección = change of hands.
    * continuar en esta dirección = proceed + along this way.
    * dar dirección = lend + direction.
    * dirección del viento = wind direction.
    * en ambas direcciones = two-way.
    * en dirección de la proa = abaft.
    * en dirección este = eastward(s), eastbound.
    * en dirección norte = northbound.
    * en dirección oeste = westbound, westward(s).
    * en dirección sur = southward(s), southbound.
    * en la dirección de = toward(s).
    * en la dirección de la máquina = machine-direction.
    * en la dirección del viento = downwind.
    * falta de dirección = indirection.
    * indicador de dirección = signpost.
    * línea de dirección = line of direction.
    * mantener Algo en la dirección correcta = keep + Nombre + on track.
    * mirar en otra dirección = look + the other way.
    * por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.
    * seguir una dirección = follow + path, take + path.
    * timón de dirección = rudder.
    * tomar otra dirección = branch off + on a side trail.
    * tomar una dirección = take + direction.

    dirección3
    3 = address.

    Ex: The Acquisitions system uses a Name address Directory as its source of address information for orders.

    * correo con dirección errónea = misdirected mail.
    * dirección de contacto = contact address.
    * dirección de correo = mailing address.
    * dirección de correo electrónico = email address.
    * dirección de envío = shipping address.
    * dirección de facturación = billing address, invoice address.
    * dirección del remitente = return address.
    * dirección de pago = payment address.
    * dirección favorita = bookmark.
    * dirección para correspondencia = mailing address.
    * dirección postal = postal address, mailing address.
    * dirección web = web address.
    * fichero de direcciones = addresses file.
    * intercambio de direcciones = exchange of address.
    * libreta de direcciones = address book.
    * lista de direcciones = mailing list.
    * máquina de imprimir direcciones = addressograph, addressing machine.
    * poner la dirección en un sobre = address + envelope.

    dirección4

    Ex: This article describes in detail the various methods of ink-jet printing employing electrostatic steering, electromagnetic steering, and multiple ink jets.

    * dirección asistida = power steering.

    dirección5
    5 = tack.

    Ex: The simplest tack would be to include the metadata in the notes field but sorting by metadata attributes is problematic and clunky.

    * dirección asistida = power-assisted steering.
    * explorar una dirección = chart + direction.

    * * *
    A (señas) address
    nombre y dirección name and address
    Compuestos:
    absolute address
    business address
    e-mail address
    home address
    postal address
    relative address
    telegraphic address
    B (sentido, rumbo) direction
    circulaba con or en dirección a Madrid it was heading toward(s) Madrid
    ellos venían en dirección contraria they were coming the other way o from the opposite direction
    ¿en qué dirección iba? or ¿qué dirección llevaba? which way was he heading o going?
    su política ha tomado una nueva dirección their policy has taken a new direction
    cambiar de dirección to change direction
    la flecha indica dirección obligatoria the arrow indicates that it's one way only
    C ( Auto) (mecanismo) steering; (volante) steering wheel
    alinear la dirección to align the wheels
    Compuesto:
    power-assisted steering, power steering
    D ( Adm)
    1 (cargo — en una escuela) principalship ( AmE), headship ( BrE); (— en una empresa) post o position of manager
    2 (cuerpo directivo — de una empresa) management; (— de un periódico) editorial board; (— de una prisión) authorities (pl); (— de un partido) leadership
    3 (oficina — en una escuela) principal's office ( AmE), headmaster's/headmistress's office ( BrE); (— en una empresa) manager's/director's office; (— en un periódico) editorial office
    E
    1 (de una obra, película) direction
    es su primer trabajo de dirección it's the first time she's directed, it's her first job as a director o her first directing job
    la dirección es de Saura it is directed by Saura
    2
    (de una orquesta): bajo la dirección de Campomar conducted by Campomar
    3 (de una empresa, proyecto) management
    bajo la dirección de su profesor under the guidance of her teacher
    * * *

     

    dirección sustantivo femenino
    1 ( señas) address
    2 (sentido, rumbo) direction;
    ◊ ellos venían en dirección contraria they were coming the other way o from the opposite direction;

    ¿en qué dirección iba? which way was he heading o going?;
    señal de dirección prohibida no-entry sign;
    dirección obligatoria one way only
    3 (Auto) ( mecanismo) steering;

    4 (Adm)
    a) ( cargo — en escuela) principalship (AmE), headship (BrE);

    (— en empresa) post o position of manager

    (— de periódico) editorial board;
    (— de prisión) authorities (pl);
    (— de partido) leadership
    c) ( oficina — en escuela) principal's office (AmE), headmaster's/headmistress's office (BrE);

    (— en empresa) manager's/director's office;
    (— en periódico) editorial office
    dirección sustantivo femenino
    1 (sentido, rumbo) direction
    dirección obligatoria, one way only
    dirección prohibida, no entry
    en dirección a, towards
    2 (domicilio) address
    3 Cine Teat direction
    4 (conjunto de dirigentes de una empresa) management
    (de un partido) leadership
    (de un colegio) headship, US principal's office
    5 (cargo de dirección) directorship
    6 (oficina del director) director's office
    7 Auto Téc steering
    dirección asistida, power steering
    ' dirección' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - abajo
    - allí
    - cambiarse
    - canalizar
    - cara
    - de
    - derivar
    - DGT
    - dirigir
    - domicilio
    - dorso
    - este
    - girar
    - giro
    - hacia
    - jefatura
    - junta
    - lado
    - llevar
    - para
    - patronal
    - recta
    - recto
    - rumbo
    - saber
    - seña
    - singladura
    - viraje
    - a
    - actual
    - adelante
    - adentro
    - afuera
    - anotar
    - arriba
    - arroba
    - atrás
    - calle
    - camino
    - casualidad
    - contramano
    - contrario
    - deber
    - encabezamiento
    - indicador
    - nordeste
    - noroeste
    - norte
    - oeste
    English:
    address
    - administration
    - ahead
    - ashore
    - back
    - business
    - change
    - course
    - direction
    - double-jointed
    - eastbound
    - entry
    - film making
    - him
    - inquire
    - leadership
    - management
    - negotiation
    - oncoming
    - opposite
    - out of
    - over
    - overseas
    - power steering
    - promptly
    - redirect
    - round
    - self-addressed
    - somewhere
    - south
    - south-east
    - south-west
    - spin
    - steering
    - swing
    - switch
    - to
    - turn
    - up
    - way
    - westward
    - with
    - down
    - east
    - easterly
    - eastward
    - head
    - inland
    - internal
    - may
    * * *
    1. [sentido] direction;
    se halla interrumpido el tráfico en ambas direcciones the road is closed in both directions;
    cambiar de dirección to change direction;
    en dirección contraria in the opposite direction;
    señal de dirección obligatoria = sign indicating that traffic must go in a particular direction;
    dirección prohibida [en letrero] no entry;
    no gires por la siguiente, que es dirección prohibida don't take the next turning, it's no entry;
    circular en dirección prohibida to drive the wrong way up a one-way street
    2. [rumbo] direction;
    con dirección a, en dirección a towards, in the direction of;
    los trenes con o [m5] en dirección a Málaga trains to Malaga;
    ¿en qué dirección ibas? which way were you going?;
    íbamos en dirección a mi casa we were heading for my place;
    el buque avanzaba en la dirección del viento the ship had the wind behind it;
    los acontecimientos han tomado una dirección inesperada events have taken an unexpected turn
    3. [domicilio] address;
    déme su nombre y dirección, por favor could you tell me your name and address, please?
    dirección de entrega shipping address
    4. Informát address
    dirección de correo electrónico e-mail address;
    dirección electrónica [de correo] e-mail address;
    [de página] web page address;
    dirección IP IP address;
    dirección de memoria memory address;
    dirección web web address
    5. [mando, gestión] [de empresa, hospital] management;
    [de partido] leadership; [de colegio] headship; [de periódico] editorship; [de película] direction; [de obra de teatro] production; [de orquesta] conducting;
    estudia dirección de cine he's studying film directing
    6. [oficina] [de empresa, hospital] manager's office;
    [de colegio] Br headmaster's/headmistress's o US principal's office; [de periódico] editor's office
    7. [junta directiva] [de empresa, hospital] management;
    [de partido] leadership; [de colegio] management team; [de periódico] editorial board;
    la dirección de este periódico no se hace responsable de la opinión de sus colaboradores the editors of this newspaper are not responsible for opinions expressed by contributors
    dirección comercial commercial department;
    dirección general head office;
    RP Dirección General Impositiva Br ≈ Inland Revenue, US ≈ IRS;
    Dirección General de Tráfico = government department in charge of road transport
    8. [de vehículo] steering
    Esp dirección asistida power steering; Am dirección hidráulica power steering
    9. Geol strike
    * * *
    f
    1 ( sentido) direction;
    en aquella dirección that way, in that direction;
    2 COM management; POL leadership
    3 de coche steering
    4 TEA, de película direction;
    bajo la dirección de under the direction of, directed by
    5 en carta address
    6 ( rumbo)
    :
    en dirección a heading for;
    en dirección sur heading south
    7
    :
    direcciones pl ( instrucciones) guidelines
    * * *
    dirección nf, pl - ciones
    1) : address
    2) : direction
    3) : management, leadership
    4) : steering (of an automobile)
    * * *
    1. (sentido) direction
    se fue en esa dirección she went in that direction / she went that way
    2. (señas) address [pl. addresses]

    Spanish-English dictionary > dirección

  • 6 go

    I 1. [gəʊ]
    verbo intransitivo (3 a persona sing. pres. goes; pass. went; p.pass. gone)
    1) (move, travel) andare

    to go to London, to the States, to Ireland — andare a Londra, negli Stati Uniti, in Irlanda

    to go to town, to the country — andare in città, in campagna

    to go up, down, across — salire, scendere, attraversare

    to go by train, plane — andare o viaggiare in treno, aereo

    to go by o past [person, vehicle] passare, superare; there he goes again! (that's him again) rieccolo là! fig. (he's starting again) eccolo che ricomincia! where do we go from here? — fig. e adesso cosa facciamo?

    2) (on specific errand, activity) andare

    to go for a walk, a drink — andare a fare una passeggiata, a bere qualcosa

    to go on holiday, on a journey — andare in vacanza, a fare un viaggio

    3) (attend) andare
    5) (depart) andare, partire

    I must go, I must be going — devo andare

    6) eufem. (die) morire, dipartirsi

    when I am gone — quando me ne sarò andato o non sarò più qui

    7) (disappear) partire, andare
    8) (be sent, transmitted)

    to go red — arrossire, diventare rosso

    to go white — diventare bianco, imbiancare

    to go Labour — pol. [country, constituency] votare per il partito laburista

    11) (be, remain)

    his voice, hearing is going — sta perdendo la voce, sta diventando sordo

    13) (elapse) passare, trascorrere

    three hours went by before... — passarono tre ore prima che...

    either she goes or I do! — o se ne va lei, o me ne vado io o lo faccio io!

    15) (operate, function) [vehicle, machine, clock] andare, funzionare

    to set sth. going — mettere in funzione o in moto qcs.

    to get going — [engine, machine] mettersi in moto; fig. [ business] avviarsi, decollare

    to keep going — [ person] tenere duro; [ machine] continuare a funzionare; [ business] continuare ad andare bene

    to get things going — darci dentro, muoversi

    ready, steady, go! — pronti, partenza, via!

    here goes! here we go! forza! ci siamo! once he gets going, he never stops — una volta partito, non si ferma più o non lo ferma più nessuno

    17) (lead) andare, condurre, portare

    the road goes down to the sea, goes up the mountain — la strada scende verso il mare, sale verso la montagna

    to go very deep — [ roots] andare molto profondo; [reasons, habits] avere radici profonde, risalire a molto tempo fa

    19) (belong, be placed) andare
    20) (fit) entrare

    the story goes that — corre voce o si dice che

    what he says goes — quello che dice lui, va bene

    anything goes — tutto è permesso, qualsiasi cosa va bene

    it's going to snow — nevicherà, sta per nevicare

    the way things are going... — da come vanno le cose...

    how are things going? how's it going? — colloq. come vanno le cose? come va?

    how goes it? — scherz. come va?

    it's old, as Australian towns go — per essere una città australiana, è vecchia

    it wasn't a bad party, as parties go — non è stata una brutta festa rispetto alla media

    to go for over Ј 100,000 — andare o essere venduto per oltre 100.000 sterline

    "going, going, gone!" — (at auction) "centomila, ecc. e uno, centomila, ecc. e due, centomila, ecc. e tre, aggiudicato!"

    I'll have some coffee, if there's any going — prenderò un caffè, se ce n'è

    29) (be given) [award, job] andare; [estate, inheritance, title] andare, passare

    to go to charity — [ money] andare in beneficenza

    then he had to go and lose his wallet — come se non bastasse, ha anche perso il portafoglio

    32) (make sound, perform action or movement) fare; [bell, alarm] suonare

    the cat went "miaow" — il gatto ha fatto "miao"

    so he goes "what about my money?" — colloq. poi fa "e i miei soldi?"

    to go to war — [ country] entrare in guerra; [ soldier] andare in guerra

    to go to law — BE o

    to the law — AE ricorrere alla giustizia

    34) (break, collapse) [ roof] sfondarsi; [cable, rope] spezzarsi, cedere; [ light bulb] bruciarsi

    you go first — prima tu, dopo di te

    2.
    verbo transitivo (3 a persona sing. pres. goes; pass. went; p.pass. gone)

    we had gone ten miles before we realized that... — abbiamo fatto dieci miglia prima di accorgerci che...

    ••

    to go one better than sb. — fare meglio di o superare qcn.

    there you go! — colloq. voilà!

    II [gəʊ]
    nome (pl. goes)
    1) BE (turn) turno m.; (try) tentativo m.

    it's your go — è il tuo turno, tocca a te

    to have a go at sth. — provare a o tentare di fare qcs.

    2) colloq. (energy) entusiasmo m.

    to be full of go, to be all go — essere pieno di energia o vita

    ••

    to have a go at sb. — prendersela con qcn.

    to make a go of sth. — fare un successo di qcs.

    he's always on the go — è sempre in movimento, non si ferma mai

    in one go — in un colpo solo, in una volta

    * * *
    [ɡəu] 1. 3rd person singular present tense - goes; verb
    1) (to walk, travel, move etc: He is going across the field; Go straight ahead; When did he go out?) andare
    2) (to be sent, passed on etc: Complaints have to go through the proper channels.) passare
    3) (to be given, sold etc: The prize goes to John Smith; The table went for $100.) andare; essere venduto
    4) (to lead to: Where does this road go?) andare
    5) (to visit, to attend: He goes to school every day; I decided not to go to the movie.) andare
    6) (to be destroyed etc: This wall will have to go.) andarsene
    7) (to proceed, be done: The meeting went very well.) scorrere
    8) (to move away: I think it is time you were going.) partire
    9) (to disappear: My purse has gone!) scomparire
    10) (to do (some action or activity): I'm going for a walk; I'm going hiking next week-end.) andare
    11) (to fail etc: I think the clutch on this car has gone.) cedere
    12) (to be working etc: I don't think that clock is going.) camminare, funzionare
    13) (to become: These apples have gone bad.) diventare
    14) (to be: Many people in the world regularly go hungry.) andare
    15) (to be put: Spoons go in that drawer.) passare
    16) (to pass: Time goes quickly when you are enjoying yourself.) essere permesso
    17) (to be used: All her pocket-money goes on sweets.) fare
    18) (to be acceptable etc: Anything goes in this office.) essere
    19) (to make a particular noise: Dogs go woof, not miaow.) andare
    20) (to have a particular tune etc: How does that song go?) fare
    21) (to become successful etc: She always makes a party go.) riuscire
    2. noun
    1) (an attempt: I'm not sure how to do it, but I'll have a go.) prova, tentativo
    2) (energy: She's full of go.) energia
    •
    3. adjective
    1) (successful: That shop is still a going concern.) fiorente
    2) (in existence at present: the going rate for typing manuscripts.) corrente
    •
    4. noun
    (permission: We'll start as soon as we get the go-ahead.) (il) via
    - going-over
    - goings-on
    - no-go
    - all go
    - be going on for
    - be going on
    - be going strong
    - from the word go
    - get going
    - give the go-by
    - go about
    - go after
    - go against
    - go along
    - go along with
    - go around
    - go around with
    - go at
    - go back
    - go back on
    - go by
    - go down
    - go far
    - go for
    - go in
    - go in for
    - go into
    - go off
    - go on
    - go on at
    - go out
    - go over
    - go round
    - go slow
    - go steady
    - go through
    - go through with
    - go too far
    - go towards
    - go up
    - go up in smoke/flames
    - go with
    - go without
    - keep going
    - make a go of something
    - make a go
    - on the go
    * * *
    I 1. [gəʊ]
    verbo intransitivo (3 a persona sing. pres. goes; pass. went; p.pass. gone)
    1) (move, travel) andare

    to go to London, to the States, to Ireland — andare a Londra, negli Stati Uniti, in Irlanda

    to go to town, to the country — andare in città, in campagna

    to go up, down, across — salire, scendere, attraversare

    to go by train, plane — andare o viaggiare in treno, aereo

    to go by o past [person, vehicle] passare, superare; there he goes again! (that's him again) rieccolo là! fig. (he's starting again) eccolo che ricomincia! where do we go from here? — fig. e adesso cosa facciamo?

    2) (on specific errand, activity) andare

    to go for a walk, a drink — andare a fare una passeggiata, a bere qualcosa

    to go on holiday, on a journey — andare in vacanza, a fare un viaggio

    3) (attend) andare
    5) (depart) andare, partire

    I must go, I must be going — devo andare

    6) eufem. (die) morire, dipartirsi

    when I am gone — quando me ne sarò andato o non sarò più qui

    7) (disappear) partire, andare
    8) (be sent, transmitted)

    to go red — arrossire, diventare rosso

    to go white — diventare bianco, imbiancare

    to go Labour — pol. [country, constituency] votare per il partito laburista

    11) (be, remain)

    his voice, hearing is going — sta perdendo la voce, sta diventando sordo

    13) (elapse) passare, trascorrere

    three hours went by before... — passarono tre ore prima che...

    either she goes or I do! — o se ne va lei, o me ne vado io o lo faccio io!

    15) (operate, function) [vehicle, machine, clock] andare, funzionare

    to set sth. going — mettere in funzione o in moto qcs.

    to get going — [engine, machine] mettersi in moto; fig. [ business] avviarsi, decollare

    to keep going — [ person] tenere duro; [ machine] continuare a funzionare; [ business] continuare ad andare bene

    to get things going — darci dentro, muoversi

    ready, steady, go! — pronti, partenza, via!

    here goes! here we go! forza! ci siamo! once he gets going, he never stops — una volta partito, non si ferma più o non lo ferma più nessuno

    17) (lead) andare, condurre, portare

    the road goes down to the sea, goes up the mountain — la strada scende verso il mare, sale verso la montagna

    to go very deep — [ roots] andare molto profondo; [reasons, habits] avere radici profonde, risalire a molto tempo fa

    19) (belong, be placed) andare
    20) (fit) entrare

    the story goes that — corre voce o si dice che

    what he says goes — quello che dice lui, va bene

    anything goes — tutto è permesso, qualsiasi cosa va bene

    it's going to snow — nevicherà, sta per nevicare

    the way things are going... — da come vanno le cose...

    how are things going? how's it going? — colloq. come vanno le cose? come va?

    how goes it? — scherz. come va?

    it's old, as Australian towns go — per essere una città australiana, è vecchia

    it wasn't a bad party, as parties go — non è stata una brutta festa rispetto alla media

    to go for over Ј 100,000 — andare o essere venduto per oltre 100.000 sterline

    "going, going, gone!" — (at auction) "centomila, ecc. e uno, centomila, ecc. e due, centomila, ecc. e tre, aggiudicato!"

    I'll have some coffee, if there's any going — prenderò un caffè, se ce n'è

    29) (be given) [award, job] andare; [estate, inheritance, title] andare, passare

    to go to charity — [ money] andare in beneficenza

    then he had to go and lose his wallet — come se non bastasse, ha anche perso il portafoglio

    32) (make sound, perform action or movement) fare; [bell, alarm] suonare

    the cat went "miaow" — il gatto ha fatto "miao"

    so he goes "what about my money?" — colloq. poi fa "e i miei soldi?"

    to go to war — [ country] entrare in guerra; [ soldier] andare in guerra

    to go to law — BE o

    to the law — AE ricorrere alla giustizia

    34) (break, collapse) [ roof] sfondarsi; [cable, rope] spezzarsi, cedere; [ light bulb] bruciarsi

    you go first — prima tu, dopo di te

    2.
    verbo transitivo (3 a persona sing. pres. goes; pass. went; p.pass. gone)

    we had gone ten miles before we realized that... — abbiamo fatto dieci miglia prima di accorgerci che...

    ••

    to go one better than sb. — fare meglio di o superare qcn.

    there you go! — colloq. voilà!

    II [gəʊ]
    nome (pl. goes)
    1) BE (turn) turno m.; (try) tentativo m.

    it's your go — è il tuo turno, tocca a te

    to have a go at sth. — provare a o tentare di fare qcs.

    2) colloq. (energy) entusiasmo m.

    to be full of go, to be all go — essere pieno di energia o vita

    ••

    to have a go at sb. — prendersela con qcn.

    to make a go of sth. — fare un successo di qcs.

    he's always on the go — è sempre in movimento, non si ferma mai

    in one go — in un colpo solo, in una volta

    English-Italian dictionary > go

  • 7 Artificial Intelligence

       In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)
       Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)
       Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....
       When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)
       4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually
       Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)
       What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)
       The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)
       9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form
       The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)
       There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:
        Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."
        Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)
       Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)
       Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)
       The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)
        14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation
       It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)
       We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.
       Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.
       Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.
    ... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)
       Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)
        16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts
       Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)
       Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System
       Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence
       The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.
       The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)
       The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....
       AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)
        21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions
       In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)
       Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)
       Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)
       The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence

  • 8 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 9 censeo

    1.
    cēnseo (on the long e, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 257 sq.), ui, censum (late Lat. censitum, Cod. Just. 11, 47 tit.; 11, 49 tit.; 11, 47, 4 al.; but not in Monum. Ancyr.; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 557), 2, v. a. [etym. dub.; often referred to root cas-, whence carmen, camoenus; but prob. from centum, orig. centere, to hundred or number the people; cf. Fischer, Gram. 1, p. 373].
    I.
    To tax, assess, rate, estimate.
    A.
    In reference to the census (v. census).
    1.
    Of the censor (v. censor).
    (α).
    Rarely act. with acc. of the persons or objects assessed or rated; but usu. pass., with subj. -nom.:

    censores populi aevitates, suboles, familias, pecuniasque censento,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:

    census quom sum, juratori recte rationem dedi,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 30:

    censor ad quojus censionem, id est arbitrium, populus censeretur,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Mull.:

    census... indicat eum qui sit census se jam tum gessisse pro cive,

    Cic. Arch. 5, 11: absentis censere jubere, P. Scipio ap. Gell. 5, 19, 16: ne absens censeare. Cic. Att. 1, 18, 8:

    sub lustrum censeri,

    id. ib.:

    milia octoginta eo lustro civium censa dicuntur,

    Liv. 1, 44, 2:

    censa civium capita centum septendecim milia trecenta undeviginti,

    id. 3, 24, 10; id. Epit. lib. 11; 13; 14:

    censebantur ejus aetatis lustris ducena quinquagena milia capitum,

    id. 9, 19, 2:

    cum capitum liberorum censa essent CLII. milia,

    Plin. 33, 1, 5, § 16: quid se vivere, quid in parte civium censeri, si... id obtinere universi non possint? Liv 7, 18, 5.—
    (β).
    With the amount at which the property was rated, in the acc.: or abl.:

    praesertim census equestrem Summam nummorum,

    being assessed with the estate necessary to a Roman knight, Hor. A. P. 383:

    primae classis homines quicentum et viginti quinque milia aeris ampliusve censi erant... Ceterarumque omnium classium qui minore summa aeris censebantur,

    Gell. 7 (6), 13, 1 sq.—Hence, capite censi, those who were assessed ac cording to their ability to labor: qui nullo [p. 312] aut perquam parvo aere censebantur capite censi vocabantur. Extremus autem census capite censorum aeris fuit trecentis septuaginta quinque, Jul. Paul. ap. Gell. 16, 10, 10; Sall. J. 86, 2; Gell. 16, 10, 11; 16, 10, 14; Val. Max. 2, 3, 1; 7, 6, 1;

    and in the finite verb: omnia illius (i. e. sapientis) esse dicimus, cum... capite censebitur,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 8, 1. —
    (γ).
    Absol. in gerund.: censendi, censendo, ad censendum = census agendi, censui agendo, etc.: haec frequentia quae convenit ludorum censendique causa (i.e. census agendi causa, for the sake of the census), Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54:

    mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem operosam... suo proprio magistratu egere... cui arbitrium formulae censendi subiceretur,

    the scheme for taking the census, Liv. 4, 8, 4:

    quia is censendo finis factus est,

    id. 1, 44, 2:

    civis Romanos ad censendum ex provinciis in Italiam revocarunt,

    Vell. 2, 15:

    aetatem in censendo significare necesse est... aetas autem spectatur censendi tempore,

    Dig. 50, 15, 3.—
    (δ).
    Censum censere = censum agere, only in the gerundial dat.:

    illud quaero, sintne illa praedia censui censendo, habeant jus civile,

    are they subject to the census, Cic. Fl. 32, 80: censores... edixerunt, legem censui censendo dicturos esse ut, etc., that he would add a rule for the taking of the census, according to which, etc., Liv. 43, 14, 5: censui censendo agri proprie appellantur qui et emi et venire jure civili possunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 5 Mull.—
    2.
    Of the assessment of the provinces under provincial officers (censores, and, under the later emperors, censitores).
    (α).
    Pass., with the territory as subject-nom.: quinto quoque anno Sicilia tota censetur;

    erat censa praetore Paeducaeo... quintus annus cum in te praetorem incidisset, censa denuo est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139:

    omne territorium censeatur quoties, etc.,

    Cod. Just. 11, 58 (57), 4.—
    (β).
    The persons assessed as subject:

    ubi (coloni) censiti atque educati natique sunt,

    Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 6:

    quos in locis eisdem censitos esse constabit,

    ib. 11, 48 (47), 4.—With part. as attribute:

    rusticos censitosque servos vendi,

    Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7.—
    (γ).
    To determine by the census:

    cum antea per singulos viros, per binas vero mulieres capitis norma sit censa,

    Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 10:

    nisi forte privilegio aliquo materna origo censeatur,

    Dig. 50, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (δ).
    Act. with acc.:

    vos terras vestras levari censitione vultis, ego vero etiam aerem vestrum censere vellem,

    Spart. Pescen. Nig. 7.—
    3.
    Of the person assessed, to value, make a statement of one ' s property in the census.
    (α).
    Act. with acc.:

    in qua tribu ista praedia censuisti?

    Cic. Fl. 32, 80.—
    (β).
    Censeri, as dep. with acc.:

    census es praeterea numeratae pecuniae CXXX. Census es mancipia Amyntae... Cum te audisset servos suos esse censum, constabat inter omnes, si aliena censendo Decianus sua facere posset, etc.,

    Cic. Fl. 32, 80; cf. Ov. P. 1, 2, 140; v. B. 2. c.—
    4.
    Hence, subst.: cēnsum, i, n.: quorum luxuries fortunata censa peperit, i.e. high estimates of property in the census, Cic. ap. Non. 202, 23 (Fragm. vol. xi. p. 134 B. and K.).
    B.
    Transf., of things and persons in gen., to value, estimate, rate.
    1.
    By a figure directly referring to the Roman census: aequo mendicus atque ille opulentissimus Censetur censu ad Acheruntem mortuus, will be rated by an equal census, i.e. in the same class, without considering their property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 93: vos qui potestis ope vostra censerier, referring to a part of the audience, you, who may be rated according to your intelligence, analog. to capite censi (v. I. A. 1. b), id. Capt. prol. 15:

    nam argumentum hoc hic censebitur,

    will be rated, its census-class will be determined here, id. Poen. prol. 56: id in quoque optimum esse debet cui nascitur, quo censetur, according to which he is rated, i.e. his worth is determined, Sen. Ep. 76, 8.—And with two acc.: quintus Phosphorus, Junonia, immo Veneris stella censetur, is ranked as the fifth, App. de Mundo, p. 710.—
    2.
    With direct reference to the census.
    a.
    = aestimo, to estimate, weigh, value, appreciate.
    (α).
    With gen. of price:

    dic ergo quanti censes?

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 8, 8.—
    (β).
    In the pass.: si censenda nobis atque aestimanda res sit, utrum tandem pluris aestimemus pecuniam Pyrrhi? etc., if we have to weigh and estimate a thing, etc., Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48:

    anule... In quo censendum nil nisi dantis amor,

    Ov. Am. 2, 15, 2:

    interim autem facta sola censenda dicit atque in judicium vocanda,

    Gell. 7 (6), 3, 47.—
    b.
    = honorari, celebrari, with de aliquo, = for the sake of somebody (in Ovid):

    pro quibus ut maneat, de quo censeris, amicus, Comprecor, etc.,

    the friend for the sake of whom you are celebrated, who is the cause of your renown, Ov. P. 2, 5, 73:

    hoc domui debes de qua censeris,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 75.—
    c.
    Censeri, dep., = to distinguish, with acc. only once or twice in Ovid (v. I. A. 3. b):

    hanc semper... Est inter comites Marcia censa suas,

    has always distinguished her, Ov. P. 1, 2, 140.—
    d.
    Censeri aliqua re.
    (α).
    = to be appreciated, distinguished, celebrated for some quality, as if the quality were a standard determining the census, analog. to capite censeri (v. I. A. 1. b), very freq. in post-class. writings:

    Democritus cum divitiis censeri posset,

    when he might have been celebrated for his wealth, Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 4:

    Aristides quo totius Graeciae justitia censetur (quo = cujus justitia),

    id. 5, 3, ext. 3 med.: te custode matronalis stola censetur ( = tua, i.e. pudicitiae, custodia), the stola, etc., is appreciated for thy custody, id. 6, 1 prooem.:

    una adhuc victoria Carius Metius censebatur,

    Tac. Agr. 45:

    ut ipsi quoque qui egerunt non aliis magis orationibus censeantur,

    id. Dial. 39 fin.: non vitibus tantum censeri Chium, sed et operibus Anthermi filiorum, is celebrated not only for its grapes, but, etc., Plin. 36, 5, 2, § 12:

    et Galliae censentur hoc reditu,

    id. 19, 1, 2, § 7:

    quisquis paulo vetustior miles, hic te commilitone censetur,

    is distinguished for the fact that you were his fellow-soldier, Plin. Pan. 15 fin.:

    multiplici variaque doctrina censebatur,

    Suet. Gram. 10:

    felix quae tali censetur munere tellus,

    Mart. 9, 16, 5: censetur Apona Livio suo tellus, = for the fact that Livy was born there, id. 1, 61, 3:

    hi duo longaevo censentur Nestore fundi,

    for the fact that Nestor used them, id. 8, 6, 9:

    nec laude virorum censeri contenta fuit (Iberia),

    Claud. Laud. Seren. 67:

    libri mei non alia laude carius censentur, quam quod judicio vestro comprobantur,

    App. Flor. 4, 18, 3.—Hence,
    (β).
    = to be known by something (Appuleian):

    hoc nomine censebatur jam meus dominus,

    App. M. 8, p. 171:

    nomen quo tu censeris aiebat,

    id. ib. 5, p. 106: pro studio bibendi quo solo censetur, either known by, or distinguished for, id. Mag. p. 499:

    globorum caelestium supremum esse eum qui inerrabili meatu censetur,

    which is known by its unerring course, id. Phil. Nat. 1, p. 582.— And,
    (γ).
    As gram. t. t., to be marked by some peculiarity, according to which a word is classified: neque de armis et moeniis infitias eo quin figura multitudinis perpetua censeantur, that they are marked by the form of constant plurality, i. e. that they are pluralia tantum, Gell. 19, 8, 5; 10, 20, 8; 19, 13, 3.
    II.
    Of transactions in and by the Senate, to judge (in the meanings II. and III. the passive voice is not in class. use, while in I. the passive voice is by far the most freq.).
    A.
    To be of opinion, to propose, to vote, to move, referring to the votes of the senators when asked for their opinions (sententiam dicere).
    1.
    With a (passive) inf.-clause, denoting what should be decreed by the Senate (esse usu. omitted): rex his ferme verbis patres consulebat... Dic, inquit ei, quid censes? tum ille Puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo, I am of the opinion ( I move, propose) that satisfaction should be sought, etc., ancient formula ap. Liv. 1, 32, 11 sq.:

    primum igitur acta Caesaris servanda censeo,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 16:

    hoc autem tempore ita censeo decernendum,

    id. ib. 5, 17, 45; 5, 6, 16; 5, 12, 31; 5, 12, 34; 5, 13, 36; 5, 14, 38; 5, 19, 53; 6, 1, 2; 9, 6, 14; 11, 15, 40; 12, 7, 17; 14, 1, 1; 14, 13, 35; cf.

    Regulus's advice in the Senate, being represented as a vote: captivos in senatu reddendos non censuit,

    Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; 3, 31, 111:

    quare ita ego censeo... de confessis more majorum supplicium sumendum,

    Sall. C. 52, 36; 51, 8; 52, 14:

    Appius imperio consulari rem agendam censebat,

    Liv. 2, 23, 15:

    ut multi (senatores) delendam urbem censerent,

    id. 9, 26, 3; 2, 29, 7; 3, 40, 13; 10, 12, 1; 34, 4, 20; 38, 54, 6: cum ejus diei senatus consulta aureis litteris figenda in curia censuisset, Tac. A. 3, 57:

    ut nonnulli dedendum eum hostibus censuerint,

    Suet. Caes. 24; so id. ib. 14; id. Aug. 100; id. Tib. 4; id. Calig. 60; id. Claud. 26; id. Ner. 2; id. Vesp. 2. Of the emperor's vote in the Senate:

    commutandam censuit vocem, et pro peregrina nostratem requirendam,

    Suet. Tib. 71; so id. ib. 34; id. Aug. 55.—And with the copula expressed (very rare):

    qui censet eos... morte esse multandos,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 7.—Sometimes referring to sententia as subject:

    sententia quae censebat reddenda bona (inst. of eorum qui censebant),

    Liv. 2, 4, 3.—Sometimes with oportere for the gerundial predic. inf.:

    quibusdam censentibus (eum) Romulum appellari oportere,

    Suet. Aug. 7.—With pres. inf., inst. of a gerundial:

    hac corona civica L. Gellius in senatu Ciceronem consulem donari a re publica censuit,

    Gell. 5, 6, 15 (cf. II. B. 1. b.).—If the opinion of the senator does not refer to the chief question, but to incidental points, the predic. inf. may have any form:

    eas leges quas M. Antonius tulisse dicitur omnes censeo per vim et contra auspicia latas, eisque legibus populum non teneri,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 10:

    cum magna pars senatus... cum tyrannis bellum gerendum fuisse censerent... et urbem recipi, non capi, etc.,

    Liv. 26, 32, 2.—
    2.
    With ut, and negatively, ut ne or ne, generally when the clause has an active predicate, but also with passives instead of the gerundial inf.-clause:

    de ea re ita censeo uti consules designati dent operam uti senatus Kal. Jan. tuto haberi possit,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 37:

    censeo ut iis qui in exercitu Antonii sunt, ne sit ea res fraudi, si, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 12, 34:

    censebant omnes fere (senatores) ut in Italia supplementum meis et Bibuli legionibus scriberetur,

    id. Fam. 3, 3, 1:

    Cn. Pompeius (in senatu) dixit, sese... censere ut ad senatus auctoritatem populi quoque Romani beneficium erga me adjungeretur,

    id. Sest. 34, 74:

    quas ob res ita censeo: eorum qui cum M. Antonio sunt, etc.... iis fraudi ne sit quod cum M. Antonio fuerint,

    id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

    Calidius, qui censebat ut Pompeius in suas provincias proficisceretur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 2:

    censuerunt quidam (senatores) ut Pannonicus, alii ut Invictus cognominaretur,

    Suet. Tib. 17:

    iterum censente ut Trebianis... concederetur (of the emperor's vote in the Senate),

    id. ib. 31.—And an inf.-clause, with neu or ut:

    sed ita censeo: publicandas eorum pecunias, etc.: neu quis postea de his ad senatum referat, etc.,

    Sall. C. 51, 43:

    qui partem bonorum publicandam, pars ut liberis relinqueretur, censuerat,

    Tac. A. 4, 20.—
    3.
    With a subj.-clause, without ut (rare in this connection;

    v. III. C. 3.): K. Fabius censuit... occuparent patres ipsi suum munus facere, captivum agrum plebi quam maxime aequaliter darent,

    Liv. 2, 48, 2.— And ironically with regard to incidental points: vereamini censeo ne... nimis aliquid severe statuisse videamini, I propose you should be afraid of having decreed too severe a punishment = of course, you will not be afraid, etc., Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13: misereamini censeo—deliquere homines adulescentuli per ambitionem—atque etiam armatos dimittatis, I propose that you pity them, etc., or I advise you to be merciful, Sall. C. 52, 26.—
    4.
    Ellipt., with a gerundial clause understood:

    dic quid censes (i. e. decernendum),

    Liv. 1, 32, 11: quod ego mea sententia censebam (i.e. decernendum), Cato ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 5, 2:

    senati decretum fit, sicut ille censuerat,

    Sall. C. 53, 1:

    quas ob res ita censeo... senatui placere, etc. ( = ita decernendum censeo, etc.),

    Cic. Phil. 9, 7, 15, § 17 sq.; 10, 11, 25 sq.; 11, 12, 29 sq.; 14, 14, 36 sq.—
    5.
    = sententiam dicere, to tell, to express one ' s opinion in the Senate (post-class.).
    (α).
    Absol.: Priscus Helvidius.. contra studium ejus (sc. Vitellii) censuerat, had voted, or had expressed an opinion against his wishes, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    cum parum sit, in senatu breviter censere, nisi, etc.,

    id. Dial. 36 fin.:

    sententias... prout libuisset perrogabat... ac si censendum magis quam adsentiendum esset,

    Suet. Aug. 35:

    igitur Cn. Piso, quo, inquit, loco censebis, Caesar? si primus, etc.,

    Tac. A. 1, 74.—
    (β).
    With adjectives in the neuter, substantively used: nec quoquam reperto (in senatu) qui... referre aut censere aliquid auderet, who dared to express an opinion on any [p. 313] thing, Suet. Caes. 20:

    per dissensionem diversa censentium,

    of the senators who expressed different opinions, id. Claud. 10.—
    (γ).
    With interrog. or rel.-clause:

    deinde ageret senatorem et censeret quid corrigi aut mutari vellet,

    Tac. A. 16, 28:

    cum censeat aliquis (in senatu) quod ex parte mihi placeat,

    Sen. Ep. 21, 9.
    B.
    Of the decrees or resolutions of the Senate, = decernere, placere, to resolve, decree.
    1.
    With inf.-clause.
    a.
    With gerund, without copula (v. II. A. 1.):

    eum, cujus supplicio senatus sollennes religiones expiandas saepe censuit,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    eos senatus non censuit redimendos,

    id. Off. 3, 32, 114; so id. N. D. 2, 4, 10; id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 15:

    senatus Caelium ab republica removendum censuit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 21:

    senatus censuit frequens coloniam Labicos deducendam,

    Liv. 4, 47, 6; 5, 24, 4:

    cum bello persequendos Tusculanos patres censuissent,

    id. 6, 25, 5; 3, 42, 6; 3, 49, 8; 7, 19, 7 et saep.—
    b.
    With pres. inf. pass. or act., with the force of a gerundial:

    de bonis regiis quae reddi antea censuerant ( = reddenda),

    Liv. 2, 5, 1:

    munera mitti legatis ex binis milibus aeris censuerunt (i.e. patres),

    id. 43, 5, 8; so id. 45, 44, 15 (v. 2. b.):

    eundem jus dicere Romae... patres censuerant,

    id. 45, 12, 13:

    cum senatus unum consulem, nominatimque Gnaeum Pompeium fieri censuisset,

    Suet. Caes. 26.—With both act. and pass. inf.:

    censuere patres, duas provincias Hispaniam rursus fieri... et Macedoniam Illyricumque eosdem... obtinere,

    Liv. 45, 16, 1.—With both pres. pass. and gerund. inff.:

    haec ita movere senatum, ut non expectanda comitia consuli censerent, sed dictatorem... dici,

    Liv. 27, 5, 14.—

    And with velle: senatus verbis nuntient, velle et censere eos ab armis discedere, etc.,

    Sall. J. 21, 4.—
    2.
    With ut or ne.
    a.
    In the words of the Senate, according to formula: quod L. Opimius verba fecit de re publica, de ea re ita censuerunt uti L. Opimius consul rem publicam defenderet, etc., ancient S. C. ap. Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 14: quod, etc., de ea re ita censuerunt ut M. Pomponius praetor animadverteret curaretque ut si, etc., S. C. ap. Suet. Rhet. 1; Gell. 15, 4, 1.—And with gerundial inf.-clause: quod C. Julius pontifex... de ea re ita censuerunt, uti M. Antonius consul hostiis majoribus... procuraret... Ibus uti procurasset satis habendum censuerunt, S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2.—
    b.
    As related by the historians, etc.:

    quoniam senatus censuisset, uti quicunque Galliam provinciam obtineret... Aeduos defenderet,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 35:

    patres censuerunt uti consules provincias inter se compararent,

    Liv. 30, 40, 12:

    senatus censuit ut domus ei... publica impensa restitueretur,

    Suet. Claud. 6;

    so with reference to the civil law,

    Dig. 49, 14, 15 quater. —With ne:

    senatum censuisse, ne quis illo anno genitus educaretur,

    Suet. Aug. 94.—And with inf -clause:

    filio regis Nicomedi ex ea summa munera dari censuerunt, et ut victimae... praeberentur,

    Liv. 45, 44, 15.—
    3.
    With a subj.-clause (very rare):

    senatus consulto quo censeretur, darent operam consules, etc.,

    Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 73, 10.—
    4.
    With neutr. acc. pron. in place of a clause:

    cum vero id senatus frequens censuisset (sc. faciendum),

    Cic. Pis. 8, 18:

    ite in suffragium, et quae patres censuerunt vos jubete,

    Liv. 31, 7, 14:

    quodcunque vos censueritis,

    id. 34, 7, 15:

    quodpatres censuissent,

    id. 28, 45, 2.—
    5.
    With accusative of a noun, or a noun as passive subject, to decree or vote a thing (postclass.):

    nec tamen repertum nisi ut effigies principum, aras deum, templa et arcus aliaque solita... censuere,

    Tac. A. 3, 57:

    aram Clementiae, aram Amicitiae, effigiesque... censuere,

    id. ib. 4, 74: cum censeretur clipeus auro et magnitudine insignis inter auctores eloquentiae ( to be placed among, etc.), id. ib. 2, 83.—
    6.
    With both acc. and dat.
    (α).
    The dat. = against:

    bellum Samnitibus et patres censuerunt et populus jussit,

    Liv. 10, 12, 3.—
    (β).
    The dat. = in behalf of:

    censentur Ostorio triumphi insignia,

    Tac. A. 12, 38.—And with ut:

    sententiis eorum qui supplicationes et... vestem Principi triumphalem, utque ovans urbem iniret, effigiesque ejus... censuere,

    id. ib. 13, 8.
    III.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of the opinions and resolutions of other deliberating bodies, or of their members, to resolve, or to be of opinion.
    1.
    With inf.-clause.
    a.
    Gerundial:

    erant qui censerent de tertia vigilia in castra Cornelia recedendum (council of war),

    Caes. B. C. 2, 30:

    erant sententiae quae conandum omnibus modis castraque Vari oppugnanda censerent,

    id. ib.; so id. ib. 2, 31; id. B. G. 2, 31 fin.; 7, 21; 7, 77:

    pontifices, consules, patres conscripti mihi... pecunia publica aedificandam domum censuerunt,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 52: nunc surgendum censeo, I move we adjourn (in a literary meeting), id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

    cum... pontifices solvendum religione populum censerent,

    Liv. 5, 23, 9:

    nunc has ruinas relinquendas non censerem (in an assembly of the people),

    id. 5, 53, 3:

    ego ita censeo, legatos extemplo Romam mittendos (in the Carthaginian Senate),

    id. 21, 10, 13:

    ante omnia Philippum et Macedonas in societatem belli... censeo deducendos esse (Hannibal in a council of war),

    id. 36, 7, 3; 5, 36, 8; Curt. 10, 6, 22; 10, 8, 12:

    cum septem judices cognovissent, duo censuerunt, reum exilio multandum, duo alii pecunia, tres reliqui capite puniendum,

    Gell. 9, 15, 7.—And with oportere inst. of a gerundial clause (referring to duty):

    neque sine gravi causa eum locum quem ceperant, dimitti censuerant oportere,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 44.—With opus esse ( = expediency):

    Parmenio furto, non proelio opus esse censebat,

    Curt. 10, 8, 12.—
    b.
    With ordinary pres. inf.
    (α).
    In place of a gerundial:

    Antenor censet belli praecidere = praecidendam causam (in a council of war),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 9.—
    (β).
    Denoting opinion about an existing state:

    Hasdrubal ultimam Hispaniae oram... ignaram adhuc Romanorum esse, eoque Carthaginiensibus satis fidam censebat,

    Liv. 27, 20, 6:

    Parmenio non alium locum proelio aptiorem esse censebat,

    Curt. 3, 7, 8.—
    2.
    With ut or ne:

    censeo ut satis diu te putes requiesse et iter reliquum conficere pergas (in a literary meeting),

    Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 290:

    plerique censebant ut noctu iter facerent (council of war),

    Caes. B. C. 1, 67:

    et nunc magnopere censere, ut unam anum... triginta milibus talentum auri permutet (council of war),

    Curt. 4, 11, 12:

    censeout D. Claudius ex hac die deus fiat (council of the gods),

    Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 9, 5: antiquos audio censuisse, ne (praenomina) cui ejusdem gentis patricio inderentur, resolved (family council), Gell. 9, 2, 11 (cf. Liv. 6, 20, 14).—
    3.
    With subj.-clause:

    nunc quoque arcessas censeo omnes navalis terrestrisque copias (Hannibal in council of war),

    Liv. 36, 7, 17: censeo relinquamus nebulonem hunc, eamus hinc protinus Jovi Optimo Maximo gratulatum (assembly of the people), Scipio Afric. ap. Gell. 4, 18, 3.—
    4.
    With acc. neutr. of a pron. or adj. substantively used:

    ego pro sententia mea hoc censeo: quandoquidem, etc.,

    Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 11, 4:

    nec dubitavere quin vera censeret,

    that his opinion was correct, Curt. 10, 6, 18.—
    5.
    Ellipt.:

    sententiis quarum pars deditionem, pars eruptionem censebat (i.e. faciendam),

    Caes. B. G. 7, 77 init.:

    ita uti censuerant Italici deditionem facit,

    Sall. J. 26, 2; so Caes. B. G. 7, 75.
    B.
    Of the orders of persons in authority (cf. II. B.).
    1.
    Of commanders, etc., by courtesy, inst. of velle, imperare, or a direct imperative sentence.
    (α).
    With gerundial inf. - clause: non tam imperavi quam censui sumptus legatis quam maxime ad legem Corneliam decernendos, I said, not strictly as an order, but as an opinion that, etc. (Cicero as proconsul), Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 6.—
    (β).
    With subj.-clause: arma quae ad me missuri eratis, iis censeo armetis milites quos vobiscum habetis, you had better, etc., Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 4. —
    2.
    Of an order by the people (rare;

    gen. populus jubet): ita id (foedus) ratum fore si populus censuisset (i. e. confirmandum esse),

    Liv. 21, 19, 3.—
    3.
    Of the later emperors, in their ordinances (censemus = placet nobis, sancimus, imperamus, from the custom of the earlier emperors, who conveyed their commands in the form of an opinion in the senate; v. II. A. 1.).—With inf.clause, ut, ne, and subj.-clause:

    sex mensium spatium censemus debere servari,

    Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7:

    censemus ut, etc.,

    ib. 12, 37 (38), 13:

    censemus ne, etc.,

    ib. 12, 44 (45), 1: censemus vindicet, remaneat, ib. 11, 48 (47), 23:

    in commune jubes si quid censesve tenendum, Primus jussa subi,

    Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 296.
    C.
    Of advice, given by one person to another (further development of III. A.).
    1.
    Ante-class. formula: faciundum censeo = I advise, with ut-clause, with quid, sic, etc.: censeo faciundum ut quadringentos aliquos milites ad verrucam illam ire jubeas, etc., I advise you to order, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 6:

    ego Tiresiam... consulam, Quid faciundum censeat,

    consult Tiresias as to what he advises, for his advice, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 80:

    consulam hanc rem amicos quid faciundum censeant,

    id. Men. 4, 3, 26; id. Most. 3, 1, 23:

    sic faciundum censeo: Da isti cistellam, etc.,

    id. Cist. 4, 2, 104:

    ego sic faciundum censeo: me honestiu'st Quam te, etc.,

    id. As. 4, 2, 11; id. Ep. 2, 2, 91:

    sane faciundum censeo,

    id. Stich. 4, 2, 38.—
    2.
    With ordinary gerundial inf.-clauses:

    narrandum ego istuc militi censebo,

    I advise you to let the soldier know that, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 42:

    exorando sumendam operam censeo,

    id. Stich. 1, 2, 22:

    quid nunc consili captandum censes?

    id. As. 2, 2, 91; id. Mil. 5, 25; id. Most. 1, 3, 115:

    idem tibi censeo faciendum,

    Cic. Off. 10, 1, 3:

    quos quidem tibi studiose et diligenter tractandos magno opere censeo,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 79; id. Fam. 12, 28, 2.—Sometimes by aequum censere with an inf.-clause (in the comic poets):

    amicos consulam quo me modo Suspendere aequom censeant potissumum,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 50: qui homo cum animo... depugnat suo, Utrum ita se esse mavelit ut eum animus aequom censeat, An ita potius ut parentes... velint i. e. as his mind prompts him, id. Trin. 2, 2, 29; cf. E. 1. b. 8.—
    3.
    With a subj.clause (so esp. with censeo in 1 st pers.): censen' hominem interrogem? do you advise me to ask the man? etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 20:

    tu, si videbitur, ita censeo facias ut... supersedeas hoc labore itineris (cf.: faciundum censeo ut, 1. supra),

    Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 4:

    immo plane, inquam, Brute, legas (Gracchum) censeo,

    id. Brut. 33, 125:

    tu, si forte quid erit molestiae te ad Crassum et Calidium conferas censeo,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7:

    tu, censeo, tamen adhibeas Vettium,

    id. Att. 2, 4, 7:

    quae disputari de amicitia possunt, ab iis censeo petatis qui ista profitentur,

    id. Lael. 5, 17: tu, censeo, Luceriam venias: nusquam eris tutius, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 1, 1; 8, 11, A:

    censeo Via Appia iter facias, et celeriter Brundusium venias,

    id. ib. 8, 11, C: ad Caesarem mittas censeo, et ab eo hoc petas, Anton. ib. 10, 10, 2: sed hos tamen numeros censeo videas hodou parergon, Gell. 17, 20, 5:

    quam scit uterque, libens censebo exerceat artem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44 (cf. Liv. 36, 7, 17, and Gell. 4, 18, 3, quoted III. A. 3.).—Of an advice given to an adversary, with irony:

    cetera si qua putes te occultius facere posse... magnopere censeo desistas,

    I strongly advise you to give up that idea, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 174:

    sed tu, Acci, consideres censeo diligenter, utrum censorum judicium grave esse velis an Egnatii,

    id. Clu. 48, 135:

    postulant ut excipiantur haec inexplicabilia. Tribunum censeant: aliquem adeant: a me... numquam impetrabunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 30, 97:

    ibi quaeratis socios censeo, ubi Saguntina clades ignota est,

    Liv. 21, 19, 10:

    solvas censeo, Sexte, creditori,

    Mart. 2, 13, 2.—And in jest:

    Treviros vites censeo, audio capitalis esse,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2:

    hi Plebei fuerunt, quos contemnas censeo... qua re ad patres censeo revertare,

    id. ib. 9, 21, 3:

    vites censeo porticum Philippi: si te viderit Hercules, peristi,

    Mart. 5, 49, 13; so id. ib. 11, 99, 8; 12, 61, 7.—For ironical senatorial advice, by which the contrary is meant, v. Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13; Sall. C. 52, 26, quoted II. A. 3.—
    4.
    With an ut-clause (with monere;

    very rare): illud tamen vel tu me monuisse vel censuisse puta... ut tu quoque animum inducas, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 8, 2.—
    5.
    With a clause understood: quo me vortam nescio: Pa. Si deos salutas, dextrovorsum censeo (i.e. id facias or faciundum censeo), Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 70: quo redeam? Pe. Equidem ad phrygionem censeo (i. e. redeas), id. Men. 4, 2, 53:

    quid nunc censes, Chrysale? (i. e. faciundum),

    id. Bacch. 4, 8, 112:

    ita faciam ut frater censuit,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 11:

    tibi igitur hoc censeo (i. e. faciendum): latendum tantisper ibidem, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 4: tu [p. 314] potes Kalendis spectare gladiatores, et ita censeo, id. ib. 16, 20:

    quid censes igitur? Ecquidnam est tui consilii ad? etc.,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: quid igitur censet (sapientia)? What is wisdom ' s advice? id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

    scribi quid placeat, quid censeas,

    id. Att. 9, 19,4:

    ibitur igitur, et ita quidem ut censes,

    id. ib. 10, 15, 3:

    disce, docendus adhuc, quae censet amiculus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 3.
    D.
    Of opinions and views on general questions, to be of opinion, think, believe, hold (cf.: statuo, existimo, puto, aio, dico; freq. in class. prose; very rare in post-class. writers except Gellius; never with ut, ne, or subj.-clause).
    1.
    With inf.-clause:

    Plato mundum esse factum censet a deo sempiternum,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

    Cyrenaici non omni malo aegritudinem effici censent, sed insperato,

    id. Tusc. 3, 13, 28:

    (Hieronymus) censet summum bonum esse sine ulla molestia vivere,

    id. Fin. 2, 5, 16:

    Aristoteles eos qui valetudinis causa furerent, censebat habere aliquid in animis praesagiens,

    id. Div. 1, 38, 81:

    Pythagoras censuit animum esse per naturam rerum omnem intentum et commeantem,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 27; so id. Ac. 1, 11, 40; 2, 42, 131; id. Fin. 1, 6, 20; 3, 15, 49; 3, 19, 64; 3, 21, 70; 4, 7, 17; 5, 7, 17; id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; 1, 2, 4; 1, 12, 29; 1, 13, 35 and 37; 1, 43, 120; 1, 44, 121; 2, 22, 57; 2, 16, 44; id. Sen. 12, 41; id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 10, 22; 1, 30, 72; 1, 45, 108; 3, 5, 11; 3, 22, 52; 4, 7, 14; id. Off. 1, 25, 88:

    Plato in civitate communis esse mulieres censuit,

    Gell. 18, 2, 8; 14, 5, 2; 18, 1, 4; 19, 12, 6.—If the opinion refers to what should be observed, oportere or debere is used, or a gerundial predicate with esse (so in Cic., but in Gell. 7, 15, 3, without esse):

    oportere delubra esse in urbibus censeo,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 26:

    M. Varro aeditumum dici oportere censet,

    Gell. 12, 10, 4; 14, 5, 2;

    so with debere,

    id. 17, 5, 5; 13, 8, 4:

    Cyrenaici... virtutem censuerunt ob eam rem esse laudandam,

    Cic. Off. 3, 33, 116:

    (Ennius) non censet lugendam esse mortem quam immortalitas consequatur,

    id. Sen. 20, 73.—
    2.
    An inf.-clause understood:

    (dissensio est), a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur initium. Ego enim ab ultimis censeo (i. e. exordiendum esse),

    Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

    si, Mimnermus uti censet, sine amore jocisque Nil est jucundum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 65:

    sic enim censuit,

    Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117.—
    3.
    With neutr. acc. of a pron.: hoc amplius censeo, in addition to the opinions mentioned I hold, etc., Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2:

    nullo (medico) idem censente,

    Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.—
    4.
    With a rel.-clause:

    Aesopus quae utilia... erant, non severe neque imperiose praecepit et censuit,

    he imparted his teachings and views, Gell. 2, 29, 1.—
    5.
    Absol.:

    non adligo me ad unum aliquem ex Stoicis proceribus. Est et mihi censendi jus,

    the right to impart my opinions, Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2.
    E.
    In gen., = arbitror, puto, existimo, judico (cf.: idem enim valet censere et arbitrari, Varr. ap. Non. p. 519, 29: censere nunc significat putare, nunc suadere, nunc decernere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 54, 11 Mull.).
    1.
    To judge, think, believe, suppose (freq. in ante-class. writings; very rare in Cic. except in the particular meanings, a.—ironically—and d.; always with inf.-clause expressed or understood).
    a.
    In gen.:

    atque ego censui abs te posse hoc me impetrare,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 12 sq.:

    satis jam delusam censeo: rem, ut est, nunc eloquamur,

    id. As. 3, 3, 141:

    nam si honeste censeam te facere posse, suadeam,

    id. Mil. 4, 8, 60:

    neque ego hac noctem longiorem me vidisse censeo,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 126:

    saluti quod tibi esse censeo,

    id. Merc. 1, 35; so id. Am. 4, 3, 2; id. Most. 1, 3, 127; id. Pers. 1, 1, 9; 2, 2, 8; 2, 3, 75 sq.; id. Truc. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 2, 2, 33; id. Aul. 2, 4, 30; 2, 4, 36; id. Cas. 2, 8, 38; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 53; id. Phorm. 2, 2, 13: aut domino, cujum id censebis esse, reddes, Cincius, Re Mil. l. iii., de ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:

    eo namque omnem belli molem inclinaturam censebant (consules),

    Liv. 7, 32, 3:

    nec facturum aequa Samnitium populum censebant, si... oppugnarent,

    id. 7, 31, 7:

    quaeso ut ea quae dicam non a militibus imperatori dicta censeas,

    id. 7, 13, 8:

    at illa purgare se, quod quae utilia esse censebat... suasisset,

    Curt. 8, 3, 7: Alexander, tam memorabili victoria laetus, qua sibi Orientis fines apertos esse censebat, id. 9, 1, 1; so id. 10, 8, 22.—
    b.
    With reference to an erroneous opinion, to imagine, suppose, falsely believe:

    censebam me effugisse a vita marituma Ne navigarem, etc.,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 108:

    omnes eum (sc. Jovem) esse (Amphitruonem) censent servi,

    id. Am. prol. 122, 134:

    jam hic ero, quom illic censebis esse me,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 14:

    ardere censui aedes,

    id. ib. 5, 1, 15:

    ego hunc censebam esse te,

    id. Men. 5, 9, 13; so id. As. 5, 2, 20; id. Aul. 3, 5, 55; id. Bacch. 1, 2, 14; id. Men. 3, 3, 32; 5, 9, 76; id. Merc. 1, 2, 87; id. Poen. 1, 1, 54; 3, 1, 60; 3, 4, 25; id. Rud. 2, 4, 31; 4, 7, 35; id. Stich. 4, 2, 24; id. Truc. 1, 1, 72 et saep.: censuit se regem Porsenam occidere, Cass. Hem. ap. Non. p. 4, 88:

    non ipsa saxa magis sensu omni vacabant quam ille... cui se hic cruciatum censet optare,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107.—And ironically:

    nisi forte Diagoram aut Theodorum... censes superstitiosos fuisse,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

    nisi forte etiam illi Semproniano senatus consulto me censes adfuisse, qui ne Romae quidem fui,

    id. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    neminem me fortiorem esse censebam,

    Curt. 8, 14, 42.—
    c.
    Referring to what should take place.
    (α).
    With gerundial inf.-clause:

    navis praedatoria, Abs qua cavendum nobis sane censeo,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 70:

    soli gerundum censeo morem,

    id. Most. 1, 3, 69:

    neque vendundam censeo Quae libera est,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 39; so id. Eun. 4, 4, 53; 5, 8, 42; id. Hec. 4, 4, 94; id. Phorm. 2, 4, 17:

    ceterum ei qui consilium adferret opem quoque in eam rem adferendam censebant esse,

    Liv. 25, 11, 14.—
    (β).
    With oportere, debere, or an ordinary inf.-clause:

    solam illi me soli censeo esse oportere obedientem,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 47:

    quibus declaraveram, quo te animo censerem esse oportere, et quid tibi faciendum arbitrarer,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1:

    rursus interrogatus quid ipse victorem statuere debere censeret,

    Curt. 8, 14, 43: impudens postulatio visa est, censere... ipsos id (bellum) advertere in se, agrosque suos pro alienis populandos obicere, to entertain the idea that they should direct that war against themselves and their own lands, etc., Liv. 21, 20, 4:

    munere eum fungi prioris censet amici = eum fungi oportere,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5:

    quae nos quoque sustinere censebat,

    App. M. 11, p. 253.—
    (γ).
    By aequum censere with ordinary inf.clause, expressed or understood, either = it is fair ( right) to do something, or something ought or should be done (so very freq. in the comic poets and Livy; rare in other writers): non ego istunc me potius quam te metuere aequom censeo, I do not think it right to fear him, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 51: quid me aequom censes pro illa tibi dare? What do you think I should give as a fair price? etc., id. As. 1, 3, 76: meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui, I thought it my duty that my mind should, etc., id. Trin. 2, 2, 27: ecquis est tandem qui vestrorum... aequom censeat poenas dare ob eam rem quod arguatur male facere voluisse? Cato ap. Gell. 6 (7), 3, 36:

    quis aequum censeret... receptos in fidem non defendi?

    Liv. 21, 19, 5; so id. 24, 37, 7; 5, 3, 8; 22, 32, 6.—And without emphasis upon the idea of fairness or right:

    si sunt ita ut ego aequom censeo,

    as I think they ought to be, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 55; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 87; 2, 3, 1; id. Merc. 3, 3, 8; id. Aul. 4, 1, 11; id. Ep. 4, 1, 29; id. Stich. 2, 2, 20; 4, 1, 42:

    qui aequom esse censeant, nos jam a pueris ilico nasci senes,

    who believe that we should be born as old men right from childhood, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 2; so id. ib. 5, 5, 11; id. Ad. 4, 3, 10:

    qui aequom censeant rem perniciosam utili praeponi,

    Auct. Her. 2, 14, 22: (tribuni) intercedebant;

    senatum quaerere de pecunia non relata in publicum... aequum censebant,

    Liv. 38, 54, 5:

    cives civibus parcere aequum censebat,

    Nep. Thras. 2, 6.—
    d.
    Very freq., esp. in Cic., when a question, rhetorical or real, is addressed to a second person, often referring to erroneous opinions:

    an fores censebas nobis publicitus praeberier?

    Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 7:

    clanculum istaec te flagitia facere censebas potesse?

    id. Men. 4, 2, 47:

    hicine nos habitare censes?

    id. Trin. 4, 3, 72:

    omnes cinaedos esse censes, tu quia es?

    id. Men. 3, 2, 48; so id. As. 2, 4, 78; 5, 2, 37; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 41; 5, 2. 82; id. Capt. 4, 2, 66; 4, 2, 74; 5, 2, 16; id. Cas. 2, 6, 29; id. Men. 5, 5, 25: continuo dari Tibi verba censes? Ter. And. 3, 2, 25; so id. ib. 3, 3, 13; 4, 4, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 38; id. Hec. 4, 1, 32; 4, 4, 53; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 35:

    adeone me delirare censes ut ista esse credam?

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10:

    nam cum in Graeco sermone haec... non videbantur, quid censes in Latino fore?

    id. Fin. 3, 4, 15:

    quid igitur censes? Apim illum nonne deum videri Aegyptiis?

    id. N. D. 1, 29, 82:

    quis haec neget esse utilia? quem censes?

    id. Off. 3, 26, 99:

    an censes me tantos labores... suscepturum fuisse, si, etc.,

    id. Sen. 23, 82:

    an vos Hirtium pacem velle censetis?

    id. Phil. 12, 4, 9; so id. Brut. 50, 186; 85, 294; id. Tusc. 1, 5, 10 fin.; 2, 4, 11; 3, 13, 27; id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. N. D. 1, 8, 20; 1, 28, 78; 1, 44, 122; id. Leg. 2, 10, 23; id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 54; id. Phil. 1, 6, 13; 4, 3, 7; 7, 4, 14; 11, 1, 3; 11, 5, 10; 12, 3, 7; 12, 6, 13; 12, 8, 21; 12, 9, 22; 13, 2, 4; 14, 4, 10; id. Att. 10, 11, 4:

    quid censes munera terrae?... quo spectanda modo, quo sensu credis et ore?

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 5 sqq.; so id. ib. 2, 2, 65; Lucr. 1, 973 (with obj.inf.).—With conditional period inst. of an inf.-clause:

    num censes faceret, filium nisi sciret eadem haec velle,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 46.—

    Sometimes censemus? is used in the same way as censes?

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Off. 2, 7, 25; id. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—
    e.
    With an inf.clause understood: itane tu censes? Pa. Quid ego ni ita censeam? Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 27: quid ergo censes? Tr. Quod rogas, Censeo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 7 sq.: quid illum censes? (i. e. eo loco facere?) Ter. And. 5, 2, 12:

    quid illas censes? (i. e. posse dicere),

    id. Ad. 4, 5, 22; so Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 59; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 9; 5, 3, 21.—So, very freq. in the comic poets, censeo, absol., as an approving answer; also sic censeo, istuc censeo, ita censeo (Cic.) to be variously rendered: ego divinam rem intus faciam... So. Censeo, that will be right! Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 11: auscultemus quid agat: Ph. Sane censeo, so we will, indeed, id. Curc. 2, 2, 29: quid si recenti re aedis pultem? Ad. Censeo, do so! id. Poen. 3, 4, 18: quin eloquamur? Ag. Censeo, hercle, patrue, id. ib. 5, 4, 93: patri etiam gratulabor? Tr. Censeo, I think so (and after answering several questions with censeo): etiamne complectar ejus patrem? Tr. Non censeo. Pl. Nunc non censet quom volo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 6 sqq.; id. Ps. 2, 2, 69; id. Stich. 5, 4, 53; id. Truc. 2, 4, 73; id. Cas. 4, 3, 14; Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 11; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 27: male habeas! Mu. Sic censeo, Plaut. Men. 4, 1, 11: aliquem arripiamus, etc.: Ly. Hem, istuc censeo, id. Merc. 3, 3, 19 (cf.:

    prorsus ita censeo, referring to general questions, as in D.,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 23);

    once similarly censeas: Quid gravare? censeas!

    Say yes, Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 22.—
    2.
    To resolve, as a merely mental act, with gerundial inf.-clause (rare; cf. II. B.): quibus rebus cognitis, Caesar maturandum sibi censuit, resolved to hasten, lit., thought he must hasten ( = statuit, existimavit), Caes. B. G. 7, 56 init.:

    censuimus igitur amplius quaerendum,

    Gell. 12, 14, 7.—
    3.
    To consider, i. e. after carefully weighing the circumstances, with inf.-clause (rare):

    sed cum censerem... me et periculum vitare posse, et temperatius dicere... ea causa mihi in Asiam proficiscendi fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 91, 314.—
    4.
    = pu tare, habere, judicare, to consider as, to hold, with two acc., or inf.-clause.
    a.
    With double acc.:

    quom dispicias tristem, frugi censeas (i.e. eum),

    you would consider him thrifty, Plaut. Cas. 3, 2. 32:

    auxilio vos dignos censet senatus,

    considers you worthy of help, Liv. 7, 31, 2:

    has... indagines cuppediarum majore detestatione dignas censebimus si, etc.,

    Gell. 7 (6), 16, 6: cum Priscum nobilitas hostem patriae censuisset, judged, declared him the enemy, etc., Aur. Vict. Caes. 29, 4.—
    b.
    In the pass. with nom. and inf., = haberi (in Manil. and Gell.):

    praeter illas unam et viginti (comoedias) quae consensu omnium Plauti esse censebantur,

    Gell. 3, 3, 3:

    quae terrena censentur sidera sorte (i. e. esse),

    are considered as being of the terrestrial kind, Manil. 2, 226; so id. 2, 293; 2, 653; 2, 667; 3, 96; so, sub aliquo censeri, to be considered as being under one ' s influence, id. 4, 246; 4, 705; cf. id. 3, 598 (with per).—
    5.
    To wish, with subj.-clause or ne (in App.):

    de coma pretiosi velleris floccum mihi confestim adferas censeo,

    App. M. 6. [p. 315] p. 117:

    censeo ne ulla cura os percolat,

    id. Mag. p. 411.
    2.
    censeo, ēre, = succenseo, to be angry: ne vobis censeam, si, etc., Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 24.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > censeo

  • 10 haece

    hīc, haec, hoc ( gen. hujus, monosyl., Plaut. Am. prol. 51; 96; 1, 1, 115; dat. huic, Sidon. Carm. 7, 145; Avien. Descr. Orb. 22; dat. sing. fem. hae rei, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; acc. HONC for hunc, C. I. L. 1, 32; nom. plur. hic, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 4, 230 = Ann. v. 414 Vahl.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 73 Mull.; fem. haec, v. infra, B. init.; dat. and abl. hibus, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 78 Mull.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 203 sqq.), pron. demonstr. [from the pronom. root i (whence also comes is), with the demonstr. suffix ce ] points to something near or present, or which is conceived of as present, this.
    (α).
    With subst.:

    hic homo sanus non est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 246:

    rapidus fluvius est hic, non hac temere transiri potest... apud hunc fluvium, etc.,

    id. Bacch. 1, 1, 53:

    quid praeclarum putet in rebus humanis, qui haec deorum regna perspexerit? etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

    genus hoc,

    id. ib. 1, 25:

    hoc avunculo, atque in hac tam clara re publica natus,

    id. ib. 1, 19; cf.:

    quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt, et qui sunt procul ab aetatis hujus memoria,

    id. ib. 1, 1:

    his libris,

    id. ib. 1, 7:

    hae feriae,

    id. ib. 1, 9; 1, 20; cf.:

    hoc otio,

    id. ib. 9 fin.:

    haec caelestia vel studiosissime solet quaerere,

    id. ib. 1, 10:

    ad haec cituma,

    id. ib. 1, 21:

    hic vir,

    Liv. 7, 39, 12.—
    (β).
    Absol. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 520):

    hic insidiantes vigilant, Enn. l. l.: hi domum me ad se auferent,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94: non mihi videtur, quod hi venerunt, alius nobis sermo esse quaerendus, sed agendum accuratius, et dicendum dignum aliquid horum auribus, Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

    feceris (ut etiam pro his dicam) nobis gratum omnibus,

    id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

    hoc ubi Amphitruo erus conspicatus est, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 87:

    docere hoc poterat ille homines paene agrestes, et apud imperitos audebat haec dicere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 15:

    dixerat hoc ille, cum, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 12:

    haec Scipio cum dixisset,

    id. ib. 1, 11:

    haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 7.—
    B.
    More emphatic, in the original full form, hīce, haece, hōce (not, as formerly written, hicce, haecce, hocce; in gen. sing. HVIVSQVE; in nom. plur. hisce, like ieis = ei, and ques = qui, see below; and apocopated in nom. plur. fem. haec for haece, and in gen. plur. horunc, harunc, for horunce, harunce);

    and, with the interrogative particle, hicine, haecine, hocine (mostly ante - class.): hoce haud dubium est quin, etc.,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 17:

    eum hinc profugiens vendidit in Alide Patri hujusce,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 10; so,

    hujusce,

    id. Poen. prol. 120; 5, 4, 76; 87; cf.:

    atque hujusce rei judicium jam continuo video futurum,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

    hisce homines ubi habitent,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 36; v. Ritschl ad h. l.; so,

    hisce,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 125; id. Capt. prol. 35 Fleck.; id. Rud. 2, 1, 5 ib., and perh. also id. Mil. 4, 8, 24 (Ritschl, hice): hice, Att. ap. Non. 15, 29 (Trag. Rel. v. 122 Rib.); Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:

    haec aedes,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 53; 3, 1, 117; so,

    haec sunt atque aliae multae in magnis dotibus Incommoditates,

    id. Aul. 3, 5, 58:

    haec (puellae),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 34:

    haec sententiae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 22; 3, 34, 84; Lucr. 3, 601; Verg. G. 3, 305; cf. Bentl. Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 24:

    aliut posticum harunce aedium,

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 41; cf.:

    harunc aedium,

    id. Most. 2, 1, 57:

    sine opera tua nihil di horunc facere possunt,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 53:

    horunc,

    id. Poen. 3, 1, 48; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 97; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33:

    cedo signum, si harunc Baccharum es,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 25:

    harunc aedium,

    id. Merc. 5, 1, 3:

    hisce ego Placidum ted hodie reddam,

    id. Curc. 5, 3, 48; cf.:

    quid dicam hisce, incertus sum,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 36:

    tu ab hisce rebus animum avoca,

    Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5; so,

    hisce,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 7, 13; id. Most. 1, 3, 81; 1, 4, 23; 2, 2, 71; 4, 2, 35 et saep.: Thr. Tu hosce instrue. Gn Illuc est sapere! ut hosce instruxit, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11; so,

    hosce,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 71; id. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; 4, 5, 4; id. Ad. 5, 7, 5; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 4:

    apud hasce aedes,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 194; so,

    hasce,

    id. As. 2, 3, 1; id. Aul. 2, 4, 2; 2, 8, 15; id. Capt. 4, 2, 51; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 17 et saep.—

    With the interrog. particle: hicin' Achilles est?

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 61; so,

    hicinest?

    id. Pers. 5, 2, 49; cf.:

    hicine vir patriae natus usquam nisi in patria morietur?

    Cic. Mil. 38, 104 et saep.:

    haecine,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 206; id. Ep. 4, 2, 5; 5, 1, 15; id. Pers. 4, 3, 75; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 5; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 24:

    huncine hominem,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68; cf.:

    huncine hominem! hancine impudentiam! judices, hanc audaciam!

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 62:

    hocine hic pacto potest Inhibere imperium magister?

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 43:

    o Juppiter, hoscine mores!

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 40:

    hacine victoria sola aut hac praeda contenti estis futuri,

    Liv. 10, 17, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 3;

    so in the shorter form, hicne,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 141:

    ex hocne equo,

    id. Fat. 3, 5:

    cum hocne,

    id. Att. 9, 7, 3:

    ex hacne natura,

    id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62: haece locutus, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.) al.—So, Fortuna hujusce diei, as a particular deity, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 54;

    in inscrr. also written HVIVSQVE DIEI,

    Inscr. Orell. 5; cf.:

    HVIVSQ. LOCI,

    id. ib. 1580; 2300;

    and HOIVSQVE AEDIS ERGO,

    id. ib. 2488.—
    C.
    With other pronouns:

    hos eosdem motus perturbationes dixerimus,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 4, 7; cf.:

    cum idem hoc visum diceretur,

    id. Rep. 1, 14:

    hoc idem fit in reliquis civitatibus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 15, 2; id. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 17:

    haec eadem centurionibus tribunisque militum mandabant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17 fin.:

    haec eadem genera,

    Quint. 6, 3, 54:

    hoc ipsum civile jus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

    sed hoc ipsum ex superiore pendet quaestione,

    Quint. 2, 1, 8; 8, 3, 45:

    ad hunc eum ipsum,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2 Goer. N. cr.; cf.:

    idem hoc ipsum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 9, 26:

    huic illi legato,

    id. Fl. 22, 52:

    hunc illum fatis Portendi generum,

    Verg. A. 7, 255; cf.:

    hic est enim ille vultus semper idem, quem, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

    hic est ille status quantitatis,

    Quint. 7, 4, 15: haec est illa, quae deinôsis vocatur, id. 6, 2, 24:

    hujus istius facti stultitia,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 24:

    ista haec epigrammata,

    Sid. Ep. 2, 10: hunc talem virum, Cic. fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

    callidum quendam hunc,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218.—
    D.
    Opp. to ille, iste, less freq. to hic, alter, alius, etc., this, the latter, to indicate the nearer object (which is to be determined not so much by the phraseology as by the thought; so that hic may refer to that noun whose position in the sentence is the more remote, but which is the most closely connected with the speaker, and of the most importance to him, in which case it is to be rendered by that, the former, etc.):

    ejusdem esse, qui in illa re peccarit, hoc quoque admisisse,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 16, 50:

    in his undis et tempestatibus ad summam senectutem maluit jactari, quam in illa tranquillitate atque otio jucundissime vivere,

    id. Rep. 1, 1:

    si deerunt haec remedia, ad illa declinandum est,

    Quint. 7, 2, 30:

    cum hic testamento, ille proximitate nitatur,

    id. 3, 6, 95:

    in his judicem sibi, in illis alii credere,

    id. 5, 7, 33:

    haec pars perorationis accusatori patronoque ex aequo communis est. Affectibus quoque iisdem fere utuntur: sed varius hic, ille saepius ac magis,

    id. 6, 1, 8; cf. id. 6, 2, 12; 17:

    cum tu ista caelestia de Scipione quaesieris, ego autem haec, quae videntur ante oculos, esse magis putem quaerenda,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 19; id. Fam. 2, 11, 1:

    iisdem enim hic sapiens, de quo loquor, oculis, quibus iste vester, caelum, terram, mare intuebitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

    si hoc loco scripsisset, isto verbo usus non esset, non isto loco verbum istud collocasset,

    id. Inv. 2, 41, 121:

    has igitur tot sententias ut omittamus, haec nunc videamus, quae diu multumque defensa sunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 42, 130:

    Caesar facile diceret: Hic versus Plauti non est, hic est,

    this... that, id. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

    ego hoc dico. adversarius hoc,

    Quint. 4, 4, 8:

    vendidit hic auro patriam... Hic thalamum invasit natae,

    Verg. A. 6, 621 sq.:

    hi molium objectus, hi proximas scaphas scandere,

    Tac. A. 14, 8:

    quid responsuri sint adversarii his et his... cum sciret haec et haec,

    Quint. 6, 1, 3 sq.:

    interim quaeritur: hoc an hoc? furtum an sacrilegium?

    id. 7, 3, 9:

    alter (Roscius) plurimarum palmarum vetus ac nobilis gladiator habetur, hic autem nuper se ad eum lanistam contulit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

    occupat hic collem, cymba sedet alter adunca,

    Ov. M. 1, 293.—
    2.
    Referring to that which in the speaker's mind is the nearer object, although by the position of the words it is the more remote: quam ob rem cave Catoni anteponas ne istum quidem ipsum, quem Apollo sapientissimum judicavit (i. e. Socratem): Hujus enim (i. e. Catonis, of the former) facta, illius (i. e. Socratis) dicta laudantur, Cic. Lael. 2, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 2, 7:

    hanc posteriorem (artem) et Stoici et Peripatetici, priorem autem illi (i. e. Peripatetici) egregie tradiderunt, hi (i. e. Stoici) ne attigerunt quidem,

    id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

    hoc Cicero atque Asinius certatim sunt usi: pro Scauro hic, ille pro filio,

    Quint. 6, 1, 21; 3, 10, 1:

    melior tutiorque est certa pax quam sperata victoria: haec in tua, illa in deorum manu est,

    the former... the latter, Liv. 30, 30, 19:

    quocumque aspicio, nihil est, nisi pontus et aer: Fluctibus hic tumidus, nubibus ille minax,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 24; id. M. 1, 697.—
    E.
    In the neutr. sing. subst., with gen.:

    quid hoc hominist?

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf. Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 8:

    quid hoc morbi est?

    id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

    quid hoc est negoti?

    id. Ad. 4, 5, 71; cf. id. Eun. 3, 4, 6:

    hoc fructi pro labore ab his fero,

    id. Ad. 5, 4, 16:

    edormiscam hoc villi,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 11:

    hoc commodi est, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

    hoc copiarum in Hispanias portatum est,

    Liv. 42, 18, 7:

    hoc servitutis injunxisse, ut, etc.,

    id. 5, 2, 8:

    hoc intervalli datum res tranquillas in urbe fecit,

    id. 3, 25, 4:

    hoc consilii,

    id. 5, 39, 6:

    hoc solacii,

    id. 30, 13, 13:

    hoc noctis,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 2; 11; 136.—
    F.
    Hoc with verbs impers., pleonast. as a subject (ante-class.):

    eamus, Amphitruo: lucescit hoc jam,

    there is daybreak, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 45: luciscit hoc jam, [p. 853] Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 1:

    lucet hoc,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 63; cf. id. Curc. 1, 3, 26.—
    G.
    Pregn. (qs. pointing to something with the finger), this, this... here (ante-class. and poet.); most freq. of the speaker himself, like the Gr. hode, for ego:

    hic homost omnium hominum praecipuos,

    Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 1:

    hic si quid nobis forte adversi evenerit, tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 115; so,

    huic homini, i. q. mihi,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 38:

    hic homo, i. q. ego,

    id. Curc. 2, 1, 33:

    hunc hominem, i. q. me,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 47; cf.:

    vin' tu huic seni auscultare?

    Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 8; id. And. 2, 1, 10; Tib. 2, 6, 7:

    haec res,

    my property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 106:

    hunc in collum,

    my neck, id. Pers. 4, 6, 9 Brix (Ritschl, huc): ni haec praesensisset canes, this dog, = ego, id. Trin. 1, 2, 135 Brix ad loc.—In neutr. absol.: tu quod te posterius purges hanc injuriam mihi nolle Factam esse, hujus non faciam, not so much, i. e. not the least, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 9.—
    H.
    With reference to time, of this time, now present, actual, this:

    cena hac annona est sine sacris hereditas,

    in the present scarcity, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 83:

    sed nondum haec, quae nunc tenet saeculum, neglegentia deum venerat,

    Liv. 3, 20:

    his temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 77, 1:

    M. Cato, hujus nostri Catonis pater,

    id. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.:

    si potius ad antiquorum diligentiam, quam ad horum luxuriam dirigas aedificationem,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 6 sq.:

    etenim qui haec vituperare volunt, Chrysogonum tantum posse queruntur,

    the present times, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:

    ne horum quidem magnificentia operum,

    Liv. 1, 55 fin.;

    very rarely of time just ended: ante hos annos quadraginta,

    Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 143:

    ante hos sex menses,

    Phaedr. 1, 1, 10:

    ante hoc triduum,

    Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 5 init.; Aug. Serm. 270, 3.
    II.
    Very freq. referring to a thought that follows, and which may be expressed by a relative sentence, or by a sentence denoting the object, cause, or effect; with qui, quae, quod, an acc. and inf., quod, ut, ne, etc. (more clearly indicative than the determinative, is, ea, id; though freq. confounded with it in MSS. and editt.).
    (α).
    With relat. clause:

    Qui hodie fuerim liber, eum nunc potivit pater Servitutis: hic, qui verna natust, conqueritur,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 24; cf.:

    eos, qui, etc.... his, qui, etc.... longe duco esse anteponendos,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

    neque his contentus sum, quae de ista consultatione scripta nobis summi ex Graecia homines reliquerunt, neque ea, quae mihi videntur, anteferre illis audeo,

    id. ib. 1, 22:

    non est tibi his solis utendum existimationibus ac judiciis, qui nunc sunt, hominum, sed iis etiam, qui futuri sunt,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

    quis hic est homo, quem ante aedis video hoc noctis?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:

    unde in laboribus et periculis fortitudo? nempe ab his, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17:

    haec quae sunt in hoc genere,

    id. ib. 1, 11:

    mundus hic totus, quod domicilium di nobis dederunt,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    hoc autem sphaerae genus, in quo, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 14;

    1, 16: in his libris, quos legistis,

    id. Leg. 1, 9, 27; cf. id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

    quam quisque norit artem, in hac se exerceat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 18, 41 et saep.:

    lepide ipsi hi sunt capti, suis qui filiis fecere insidias,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 90; cf. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 3; id. N. D. 1, 40, 113:

    servi, qui, cum culpa carint, tamen malum Metuont, hi solent esse eris utibiles,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 2 sq.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 19:

    de Bruti amore etsi mihi nihil novi adfers: tamen hoc audio libentius, quo saepius,

    id. Att. 13, 36 fin.; cf.:

    is porro, quo generosior celsiorque est, hoc majoribus velut organis commovetur,

    Quint. 1, 2, 30:

    hoc primum videamus, quidnam sit, de altero sole quod nuntiatum est in senatu, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 10; 1, 24:

    mire tractat hoc Cicero pro Milone quae facturus fuerit Clodius, si praeturam invasisset,

    Quint. 9, 2, 41.—
    (β).
    With acc. and inf.:

    erat tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

    sed hoc vir excellenti providentia sensit ac vidit, non esse opportunissimos situs maritimos urbibus iis, quae, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 3:

    hoc tantum admiror, Flavum, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 4, 40; 11, 1, 22:

    unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1: hoc simul accipe dictum: Quorum..., Eorundem libertati me parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204 Vahl.); cf.

    with appositive clause: sic hoc proloquar: Principio, ut illo advenimus, Continuo Amphitruo delegit viros, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 48:

    ut hoc: Non debes alienam uxorem optare,

    Quint. 7, 1, 25; cf. id. 9, 4, 97; 9, 2, 32.—
    (γ).
    With quod or quia:

    maxime hoc mihi mirum videri solet, quod, qui tranquillo mari gubernare se negent posse, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 6:

    quaesierat ex me Scipio, quidnam sentirem de hoc, quod duo soles visos esse constaret,

    id. ib. 1, 13; Quint. 9, 1, 1:

    propter hoc ipsum ostendenda non sunt, quod apparent,

    id. 12, 9, 6:

    nostri primo integris viribus fortiter repugnare... sed hoc superari, quod diuturnitate pugnae, etc.,

    in this that, herein that, Caes. B. G. 3, 4, 3; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 30:

    hoc ipso fidem detrahimus illis, quod sint tam gravia,

    id. 9, 2, 53:

    hoc ipso, quod,

    id. 4, 1, 54; 5, 11, 41; 6, 2, 16 et saep.: consilio vestro utar libenter, et hoc libentius, quod, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, C, 1; cf.:

    id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 3:

    hoc esse miseriorem gravioremque fortunam Sequanorum quam reliquorum, quod soli, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 32, 4; Quint. 5, 7, 22:

    hoc magis, quod (al. quia) illic ut litigatores loquimur frequentius,

    id. 6, 2, 36:

    hoc sese excruciat animi, Quia leno ademit cistulam ei,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 57:

    quod hoc etiam mirabilius debet videri, quia, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12; cf.:

    hoc sunt exempla potentiora, quia, etc.,

    Quint. 10, 1, 15.—
    (δ).
    With ut or ne:

    nunc hoc me orare a vobis jussit Juppiter, ut conquistores, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 64; cf.:

    hoc quoque etiam mihi in mandatis dedit, Ut conquistores, etc.,

    id. ib. 81:

    atque hoc evenit In labore atque in dolore, ut mors obrepat interim,

    id. Ps. 2, 3, 19:

    nec enim hoc suscepi, ut, etc.... neque hoc polliceor me facturum, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 24:

    neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut... sed ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 4;

    for which: homines sunt hac lege generati, qui tuerentur, etc.,

    id. ib. 6, 15:

    quare hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut aetas nostra, etc.,

    id. Fam. 2, 1 fin.; id. Off. 3, 5, 22; id. Rep. 1, 12:

    plurimum in hoc laboris exhausimus, ut ostenderemus, etc.,

    Quint. 8 praef. § 6; cf.:

    habenda fides est vel in hoc, ut, etc.,

    id. 11, 2, 51; so,

    in hoc, ut,

    id. 6, 3, 15; 10, 3, 29: hoc erit tibi argumentum semper in promptu situm: Ne quid exspectes amicos, quod tute agere possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin. (Sat. v. 37 Vahl.); so,

    in hoc scilicet, ne suspectus his foret,

    Vell. 2, 41 fin. —
    B.
    Hoc est serves to annex a more particular explanation of what has been said, that is, that is to say, namely:

    in hac causa dicam de eo prius, quod apud vos plurimum debet valere, hoc est, de voluntate eorum, quibus injuriae factae sunt,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:

    quadriennium, hoc est, ex quo tempore fundus veniit,

    id. Caecin. 7, 19; 34, 100:

    cum honos agebatur amplissimus familiae vestrae, hoc est, consulatus parentis tui,

    id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Fam. 5, 12, 8:

    primum quaero, qua ratione Naevius susceptum negotium non transegerit, hoc est, cur bona non vendiderit,

    id. Quint. 24, 76 et saep.—Sarcastically:

    ut haberet (Clodius) ad praeturam gerendam, hoc est, ad evertendam rem publicam plenum annum,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

    at quam crebro usurpat Et consul et Antonius! Hoc est dicere: Et consul et homo impudicissimus, Et consul et homo nequissimus,

    id. Phil. 2, 28, 70.—
    C.
    Hoc est or ĕrat, quod, with the accessory idea of indignation or reproach, is or was it for this that, etc.:

    hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignis Eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus... cernam?

    Verg. A. 2, 664; Petr. 93.—Hence,
    III.
    Advv.
    1.
    hāc, in this place, on this side, this way, here (class.): nunc Juppiter hac stat, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 263 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 12, 565: Ar. Hac quidem non venit. Le. Angiporto Illac per hortum circuit clam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 151:

    nunc hac An illac eam, incerta sum consili,

    id. Rud. 1, 3, 30:

    plenus rimarum sum: hac atque illac perfluo,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25; cf.:

    hac illac circumcursa,

    id. Heaut. 3, 2, 1; and: mox hac atque illa rapti, Tac. Agr. 28:

    sequere hac, reducam te ubi fuisti,

    this way, hither, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106; id. As. 4, 2, 1; id. Men. 4, 1, 4; id. Poen. 1, 2, 116; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; cf.:

    sequere hac me intus ad Glycerium nunc,

    Ter. And. 5, 6, 14:

    sequere me ergo hac intro,

    id. Ad. 4, 3, 18:

    i hac mecum intro,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 56; 62; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 35 sq.:

    quin igitur ad illa spatia nostra pergimus?... Nos vero: et hac quidem adire si placet, per ripam et umbram,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

    ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat. Hac nostris erat receptus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5; 2, 2, 3.—Hac-hac, for hac-illac ( poet.):

    namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai, Hac Phryges,

    Verg. A. 1, 467 sq.; Prop. 1, 3, 13; rarely in full form with the interrog. particle ne:

    utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus?

    Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (cf. Ladewig, Anal. Scaen. p. 22). —
    2.
    hīc (old form heic; and with the interrog. part. ne, hicine), adv. loci, in this place, here.
    I.
    In space.
    A.
    Lit.:

    hos quos videtis stare hic captivos duos, etc.... Senex qui hic habitat, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 1 sq.:

    ego jam dudum hic adsum,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 5:

    quem praestolare hic ante ostium?

    id. ib. 5, 6, 5:

    hic propter hunc adsiste,

    id. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

    hic tui omnes valent,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 3:

    non modo hic, ubi, etc... sed, ubicumque, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

    mons ibi arduus Nomine Parnasus... hic ubi Deucalion... parva rate vectus adhaesit,

    Ov. M. 1, 319:

    hic (sc. Carthagine) illius (Junonis) arma, Hic currus fuit,

    Verg. A. 1, 16 et saep.: Pa. Philocomasium hicine etiam nunc est? Pe Quom exibam, hic erat, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 25; cf.: Ch. Ubi ego sum? hicine an apud mortuos? Eut. Neque apud mortuos neque hic es, id. Merc. 3, 4, 17:

    hicine,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 21; 4, 2, 80; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 al.: Da. Cedo fenus, redde fenus, fenus reddite, etc.... Tr. Fenus illic, fenus hic, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 76:

    facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

    Ter. And. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

    hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,

    Verg. G. 1, 54:

    hic, illic, ubi mors deprenderat, exhalantes,

    Ov. M. 7, 581 (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 519).—With gen.:

    hic proxume viciniae,

    in this neighborhood, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2:

    modo vidi virginem hic viciniae miseram,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 45.—With ne: hicine libertatem aiunt aequam esse omnibus? is it here that, etc., Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 (cf. hic, I. B. fin.).—
    B.
    Transf., in this affair, on this occasion, in this particular, herein, here:

    hic, quantum in bello fortuna possit, cognosci potuit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 2; Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 49:

    hic tu tabulas desideras Heracliensium publicas,

    id. Arch. 4, 8; cf.:

    hic vos dubitabitis, judices,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 109:

    hic miramur, hunc hominem tantum excellere ceteris? etc.,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39:

    hic jam plura non dicam,

    id. ib. 9, 24; id. Planc. 41, 99; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66 (cf. II. fin. infra):

    hic, ubi opus est, non verentur: illic, ubi nihil opus est, ibi verentur,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

    ut cum hic tibi satisfecerimus, istic quoque nostram in te benevolentiam navare possimus,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3.—Referring to the noun whose position in the sentence is the most remote (cf. I. D. 2.):

    alterius ducis causa melior videbatur, alterius erat firmior: hic omnia speciosa, illic valentia,

    Vell. 2, 49, 3.—
    II.
    Of time, i. q. nunc or tum, now, here; then, hereupon, at this time, at this juncture:

    hic reddes omnia,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 15:

    hic ego quid praedicem?

    Cic. Sest. 5, 12; id. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

    hic cum uterque me intueretur,

    id. Fin. 2, 1, 1; so,

    hic cum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 20, 60; Nep. Milt. 3, 3:

    hic tum Fabricius frequentes eos ad me domum adduxit,

    Cic. Clu. 17, 49; so, hic tum, id. ib 20, 56; 27, 73; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26 §

    66 al.: hic regina gravem poposcit pateram,

    Verg. A. 1, 728.—So very freq. to introduce the beginning of a speech: hic Laelius (inquit); hic Philus;

    hic Scipio, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 23; 24 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; 3, 8, 3; 5, 15, 4; id. Ac. 2, 4, 10; id. de Or. 2, 50, 202; Verg. A. 9, 246 et saep.—
    3.
    huc (access. form hoc), v. huc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > haece

  • 11 hic

    hīc, haec, hoc ( gen. hujus, monosyl., Plaut. Am. prol. 51; 96; 1, 1, 115; dat. huic, Sidon. Carm. 7, 145; Avien. Descr. Orb. 22; dat. sing. fem. hae rei, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; acc. HONC for hunc, C. I. L. 1, 32; nom. plur. hic, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 4, 230 = Ann. v. 414 Vahl.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 73 Mull.; fem. haec, v. infra, B. init.; dat. and abl. hibus, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 78 Mull.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 203 sqq.), pron. demonstr. [from the pronom. root i (whence also comes is), with the demonstr. suffix ce ] points to something near or present, or which is conceived of as present, this.
    (α).
    With subst.:

    hic homo sanus non est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 246:

    rapidus fluvius est hic, non hac temere transiri potest... apud hunc fluvium, etc.,

    id. Bacch. 1, 1, 53:

    quid praeclarum putet in rebus humanis, qui haec deorum regna perspexerit? etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

    genus hoc,

    id. ib. 1, 25:

    hoc avunculo, atque in hac tam clara re publica natus,

    id. ib. 1, 19; cf.:

    quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt, et qui sunt procul ab aetatis hujus memoria,

    id. ib. 1, 1:

    his libris,

    id. ib. 1, 7:

    hae feriae,

    id. ib. 1, 9; 1, 20; cf.:

    hoc otio,

    id. ib. 9 fin.:

    haec caelestia vel studiosissime solet quaerere,

    id. ib. 1, 10:

    ad haec cituma,

    id. ib. 1, 21:

    hic vir,

    Liv. 7, 39, 12.—
    (β).
    Absol. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 520):

    hic insidiantes vigilant, Enn. l. l.: hi domum me ad se auferent,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94: non mihi videtur, quod hi venerunt, alius nobis sermo esse quaerendus, sed agendum accuratius, et dicendum dignum aliquid horum auribus, Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

    feceris (ut etiam pro his dicam) nobis gratum omnibus,

    id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

    hoc ubi Amphitruo erus conspicatus est, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 87:

    docere hoc poterat ille homines paene agrestes, et apud imperitos audebat haec dicere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 15:

    dixerat hoc ille, cum, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 12:

    haec Scipio cum dixisset,

    id. ib. 1, 11:

    haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 7.—
    B.
    More emphatic, in the original full form, hīce, haece, hōce (not, as formerly written, hicce, haecce, hocce; in gen. sing. HVIVSQVE; in nom. plur. hisce, like ieis = ei, and ques = qui, see below; and apocopated in nom. plur. fem. haec for haece, and in gen. plur. horunc, harunc, for horunce, harunce);

    and, with the interrogative particle, hicine, haecine, hocine (mostly ante - class.): hoce haud dubium est quin, etc.,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 17:

    eum hinc profugiens vendidit in Alide Patri hujusce,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 10; so,

    hujusce,

    id. Poen. prol. 120; 5, 4, 76; 87; cf.:

    atque hujusce rei judicium jam continuo video futurum,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

    hisce homines ubi habitent,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 36; v. Ritschl ad h. l.; so,

    hisce,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 125; id. Capt. prol. 35 Fleck.; id. Rud. 2, 1, 5 ib., and perh. also id. Mil. 4, 8, 24 (Ritschl, hice): hice, Att. ap. Non. 15, 29 (Trag. Rel. v. 122 Rib.); Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:

    haec aedes,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 53; 3, 1, 117; so,

    haec sunt atque aliae multae in magnis dotibus Incommoditates,

    id. Aul. 3, 5, 58:

    haec (puellae),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 34:

    haec sententiae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 22; 3, 34, 84; Lucr. 3, 601; Verg. G. 3, 305; cf. Bentl. Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 24:

    aliut posticum harunce aedium,

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 41; cf.:

    harunc aedium,

    id. Most. 2, 1, 57:

    sine opera tua nihil di horunc facere possunt,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 53:

    horunc,

    id. Poen. 3, 1, 48; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 97; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33:

    cedo signum, si harunc Baccharum es,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 25:

    harunc aedium,

    id. Merc. 5, 1, 3:

    hisce ego Placidum ted hodie reddam,

    id. Curc. 5, 3, 48; cf.:

    quid dicam hisce, incertus sum,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 36:

    tu ab hisce rebus animum avoca,

    Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5; so,

    hisce,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 7, 13; id. Most. 1, 3, 81; 1, 4, 23; 2, 2, 71; 4, 2, 35 et saep.: Thr. Tu hosce instrue. Gn Illuc est sapere! ut hosce instruxit, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11; so,

    hosce,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 71; id. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; 4, 5, 4; id. Ad. 5, 7, 5; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 4:

    apud hasce aedes,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 194; so,

    hasce,

    id. As. 2, 3, 1; id. Aul. 2, 4, 2; 2, 8, 15; id. Capt. 4, 2, 51; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 17 et saep.—

    With the interrog. particle: hicin' Achilles est?

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 61; so,

    hicinest?

    id. Pers. 5, 2, 49; cf.:

    hicine vir patriae natus usquam nisi in patria morietur?

    Cic. Mil. 38, 104 et saep.:

    haecine,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 206; id. Ep. 4, 2, 5; 5, 1, 15; id. Pers. 4, 3, 75; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 5; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 24:

    huncine hominem,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68; cf.:

    huncine hominem! hancine impudentiam! judices, hanc audaciam!

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 62:

    hocine hic pacto potest Inhibere imperium magister?

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 43:

    o Juppiter, hoscine mores!

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 40:

    hacine victoria sola aut hac praeda contenti estis futuri,

    Liv. 10, 17, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 3;

    so in the shorter form, hicne,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 141:

    ex hocne equo,

    id. Fat. 3, 5:

    cum hocne,

    id. Att. 9, 7, 3:

    ex hacne natura,

    id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62: haece locutus, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.) al.—So, Fortuna hujusce diei, as a particular deity, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 54;

    in inscrr. also written HVIVSQVE DIEI,

    Inscr. Orell. 5; cf.:

    HVIVSQ. LOCI,

    id. ib. 1580; 2300;

    and HOIVSQVE AEDIS ERGO,

    id. ib. 2488.—
    C.
    With other pronouns:

    hos eosdem motus perturbationes dixerimus,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 4, 7; cf.:

    cum idem hoc visum diceretur,

    id. Rep. 1, 14:

    hoc idem fit in reliquis civitatibus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 15, 2; id. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 17:

    haec eadem centurionibus tribunisque militum mandabant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17 fin.:

    haec eadem genera,

    Quint. 6, 3, 54:

    hoc ipsum civile jus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

    sed hoc ipsum ex superiore pendet quaestione,

    Quint. 2, 1, 8; 8, 3, 45:

    ad hunc eum ipsum,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2 Goer. N. cr.; cf.:

    idem hoc ipsum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 9, 26:

    huic illi legato,

    id. Fl. 22, 52:

    hunc illum fatis Portendi generum,

    Verg. A. 7, 255; cf.:

    hic est enim ille vultus semper idem, quem, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

    hic est ille status quantitatis,

    Quint. 7, 4, 15: haec est illa, quae deinôsis vocatur, id. 6, 2, 24:

    hujus istius facti stultitia,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 24:

    ista haec epigrammata,

    Sid. Ep. 2, 10: hunc talem virum, Cic. fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

    callidum quendam hunc,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218.—
    D.
    Opp. to ille, iste, less freq. to hic, alter, alius, etc., this, the latter, to indicate the nearer object (which is to be determined not so much by the phraseology as by the thought; so that hic may refer to that noun whose position in the sentence is the more remote, but which is the most closely connected with the speaker, and of the most importance to him, in which case it is to be rendered by that, the former, etc.):

    ejusdem esse, qui in illa re peccarit, hoc quoque admisisse,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 16, 50:

    in his undis et tempestatibus ad summam senectutem maluit jactari, quam in illa tranquillitate atque otio jucundissime vivere,

    id. Rep. 1, 1:

    si deerunt haec remedia, ad illa declinandum est,

    Quint. 7, 2, 30:

    cum hic testamento, ille proximitate nitatur,

    id. 3, 6, 95:

    in his judicem sibi, in illis alii credere,

    id. 5, 7, 33:

    haec pars perorationis accusatori patronoque ex aequo communis est. Affectibus quoque iisdem fere utuntur: sed varius hic, ille saepius ac magis,

    id. 6, 1, 8; cf. id. 6, 2, 12; 17:

    cum tu ista caelestia de Scipione quaesieris, ego autem haec, quae videntur ante oculos, esse magis putem quaerenda,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 19; id. Fam. 2, 11, 1:

    iisdem enim hic sapiens, de quo loquor, oculis, quibus iste vester, caelum, terram, mare intuebitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

    si hoc loco scripsisset, isto verbo usus non esset, non isto loco verbum istud collocasset,

    id. Inv. 2, 41, 121:

    has igitur tot sententias ut omittamus, haec nunc videamus, quae diu multumque defensa sunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 42, 130:

    Caesar facile diceret: Hic versus Plauti non est, hic est,

    this... that, id. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

    ego hoc dico. adversarius hoc,

    Quint. 4, 4, 8:

    vendidit hic auro patriam... Hic thalamum invasit natae,

    Verg. A. 6, 621 sq.:

    hi molium objectus, hi proximas scaphas scandere,

    Tac. A. 14, 8:

    quid responsuri sint adversarii his et his... cum sciret haec et haec,

    Quint. 6, 1, 3 sq.:

    interim quaeritur: hoc an hoc? furtum an sacrilegium?

    id. 7, 3, 9:

    alter (Roscius) plurimarum palmarum vetus ac nobilis gladiator habetur, hic autem nuper se ad eum lanistam contulit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

    occupat hic collem, cymba sedet alter adunca,

    Ov. M. 1, 293.—
    2.
    Referring to that which in the speaker's mind is the nearer object, although by the position of the words it is the more remote: quam ob rem cave Catoni anteponas ne istum quidem ipsum, quem Apollo sapientissimum judicavit (i. e. Socratem): Hujus enim (i. e. Catonis, of the former) facta, illius (i. e. Socratis) dicta laudantur, Cic. Lael. 2, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 2, 7:

    hanc posteriorem (artem) et Stoici et Peripatetici, priorem autem illi (i. e. Peripatetici) egregie tradiderunt, hi (i. e. Stoici) ne attigerunt quidem,

    id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

    hoc Cicero atque Asinius certatim sunt usi: pro Scauro hic, ille pro filio,

    Quint. 6, 1, 21; 3, 10, 1:

    melior tutiorque est certa pax quam sperata victoria: haec in tua, illa in deorum manu est,

    the former... the latter, Liv. 30, 30, 19:

    quocumque aspicio, nihil est, nisi pontus et aer: Fluctibus hic tumidus, nubibus ille minax,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 24; id. M. 1, 697.—
    E.
    In the neutr. sing. subst., with gen.:

    quid hoc hominist?

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf. Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 8:

    quid hoc morbi est?

    id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

    quid hoc est negoti?

    id. Ad. 4, 5, 71; cf. id. Eun. 3, 4, 6:

    hoc fructi pro labore ab his fero,

    id. Ad. 5, 4, 16:

    edormiscam hoc villi,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 11:

    hoc commodi est, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

    hoc copiarum in Hispanias portatum est,

    Liv. 42, 18, 7:

    hoc servitutis injunxisse, ut, etc.,

    id. 5, 2, 8:

    hoc intervalli datum res tranquillas in urbe fecit,

    id. 3, 25, 4:

    hoc consilii,

    id. 5, 39, 6:

    hoc solacii,

    id. 30, 13, 13:

    hoc noctis,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 2; 11; 136.—
    F.
    Hoc with verbs impers., pleonast. as a subject (ante-class.):

    eamus, Amphitruo: lucescit hoc jam,

    there is daybreak, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 45: luciscit hoc jam, [p. 853] Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 1:

    lucet hoc,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 63; cf. id. Curc. 1, 3, 26.—
    G.
    Pregn. (qs. pointing to something with the finger), this, this... here (ante-class. and poet.); most freq. of the speaker himself, like the Gr. hode, for ego:

    hic homost omnium hominum praecipuos,

    Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 1:

    hic si quid nobis forte adversi evenerit, tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 115; so,

    huic homini, i. q. mihi,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 38:

    hic homo, i. q. ego,

    id. Curc. 2, 1, 33:

    hunc hominem, i. q. me,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 47; cf.:

    vin' tu huic seni auscultare?

    Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 8; id. And. 2, 1, 10; Tib. 2, 6, 7:

    haec res,

    my property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 106:

    hunc in collum,

    my neck, id. Pers. 4, 6, 9 Brix (Ritschl, huc): ni haec praesensisset canes, this dog, = ego, id. Trin. 1, 2, 135 Brix ad loc.—In neutr. absol.: tu quod te posterius purges hanc injuriam mihi nolle Factam esse, hujus non faciam, not so much, i. e. not the least, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 9.—
    H.
    With reference to time, of this time, now present, actual, this:

    cena hac annona est sine sacris hereditas,

    in the present scarcity, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 83:

    sed nondum haec, quae nunc tenet saeculum, neglegentia deum venerat,

    Liv. 3, 20:

    his temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 77, 1:

    M. Cato, hujus nostri Catonis pater,

    id. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.:

    si potius ad antiquorum diligentiam, quam ad horum luxuriam dirigas aedificationem,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 6 sq.:

    etenim qui haec vituperare volunt, Chrysogonum tantum posse queruntur,

    the present times, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:

    ne horum quidem magnificentia operum,

    Liv. 1, 55 fin.;

    very rarely of time just ended: ante hos annos quadraginta,

    Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 143:

    ante hos sex menses,

    Phaedr. 1, 1, 10:

    ante hoc triduum,

    Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 5 init.; Aug. Serm. 270, 3.
    II.
    Very freq. referring to a thought that follows, and which may be expressed by a relative sentence, or by a sentence denoting the object, cause, or effect; with qui, quae, quod, an acc. and inf., quod, ut, ne, etc. (more clearly indicative than the determinative, is, ea, id; though freq. confounded with it in MSS. and editt.).
    (α).
    With relat. clause:

    Qui hodie fuerim liber, eum nunc potivit pater Servitutis: hic, qui verna natust, conqueritur,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 24; cf.:

    eos, qui, etc.... his, qui, etc.... longe duco esse anteponendos,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

    neque his contentus sum, quae de ista consultatione scripta nobis summi ex Graecia homines reliquerunt, neque ea, quae mihi videntur, anteferre illis audeo,

    id. ib. 1, 22:

    non est tibi his solis utendum existimationibus ac judiciis, qui nunc sunt, hominum, sed iis etiam, qui futuri sunt,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

    quis hic est homo, quem ante aedis video hoc noctis?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:

    unde in laboribus et periculis fortitudo? nempe ab his, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17:

    haec quae sunt in hoc genere,

    id. ib. 1, 11:

    mundus hic totus, quod domicilium di nobis dederunt,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    hoc autem sphaerae genus, in quo, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 14;

    1, 16: in his libris, quos legistis,

    id. Leg. 1, 9, 27; cf. id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

    quam quisque norit artem, in hac se exerceat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 18, 41 et saep.:

    lepide ipsi hi sunt capti, suis qui filiis fecere insidias,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 90; cf. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 3; id. N. D. 1, 40, 113:

    servi, qui, cum culpa carint, tamen malum Metuont, hi solent esse eris utibiles,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 2 sq.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 19:

    de Bruti amore etsi mihi nihil novi adfers: tamen hoc audio libentius, quo saepius,

    id. Att. 13, 36 fin.; cf.:

    is porro, quo generosior celsiorque est, hoc majoribus velut organis commovetur,

    Quint. 1, 2, 30:

    hoc primum videamus, quidnam sit, de altero sole quod nuntiatum est in senatu, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 10; 1, 24:

    mire tractat hoc Cicero pro Milone quae facturus fuerit Clodius, si praeturam invasisset,

    Quint. 9, 2, 41.—
    (β).
    With acc. and inf.:

    erat tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

    sed hoc vir excellenti providentia sensit ac vidit, non esse opportunissimos situs maritimos urbibus iis, quae, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 3:

    hoc tantum admiror, Flavum, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 4, 40; 11, 1, 22:

    unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1: hoc simul accipe dictum: Quorum..., Eorundem libertati me parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204 Vahl.); cf.

    with appositive clause: sic hoc proloquar: Principio, ut illo advenimus, Continuo Amphitruo delegit viros, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 48:

    ut hoc: Non debes alienam uxorem optare,

    Quint. 7, 1, 25; cf. id. 9, 4, 97; 9, 2, 32.—
    (γ).
    With quod or quia:

    maxime hoc mihi mirum videri solet, quod, qui tranquillo mari gubernare se negent posse, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 6:

    quaesierat ex me Scipio, quidnam sentirem de hoc, quod duo soles visos esse constaret,

    id. ib. 1, 13; Quint. 9, 1, 1:

    propter hoc ipsum ostendenda non sunt, quod apparent,

    id. 12, 9, 6:

    nostri primo integris viribus fortiter repugnare... sed hoc superari, quod diuturnitate pugnae, etc.,

    in this that, herein that, Caes. B. G. 3, 4, 3; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 30:

    hoc ipso fidem detrahimus illis, quod sint tam gravia,

    id. 9, 2, 53:

    hoc ipso, quod,

    id. 4, 1, 54; 5, 11, 41; 6, 2, 16 et saep.: consilio vestro utar libenter, et hoc libentius, quod, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, C, 1; cf.:

    id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 3:

    hoc esse miseriorem gravioremque fortunam Sequanorum quam reliquorum, quod soli, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 32, 4; Quint. 5, 7, 22:

    hoc magis, quod (al. quia) illic ut litigatores loquimur frequentius,

    id. 6, 2, 36:

    hoc sese excruciat animi, Quia leno ademit cistulam ei,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 57:

    quod hoc etiam mirabilius debet videri, quia, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12; cf.:

    hoc sunt exempla potentiora, quia, etc.,

    Quint. 10, 1, 15.—
    (δ).
    With ut or ne:

    nunc hoc me orare a vobis jussit Juppiter, ut conquistores, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 64; cf.:

    hoc quoque etiam mihi in mandatis dedit, Ut conquistores, etc.,

    id. ib. 81:

    atque hoc evenit In labore atque in dolore, ut mors obrepat interim,

    id. Ps. 2, 3, 19:

    nec enim hoc suscepi, ut, etc.... neque hoc polliceor me facturum, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 24:

    neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut... sed ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 4;

    for which: homines sunt hac lege generati, qui tuerentur, etc.,

    id. ib. 6, 15:

    quare hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut aetas nostra, etc.,

    id. Fam. 2, 1 fin.; id. Off. 3, 5, 22; id. Rep. 1, 12:

    plurimum in hoc laboris exhausimus, ut ostenderemus, etc.,

    Quint. 8 praef. § 6; cf.:

    habenda fides est vel in hoc, ut, etc.,

    id. 11, 2, 51; so,

    in hoc, ut,

    id. 6, 3, 15; 10, 3, 29: hoc erit tibi argumentum semper in promptu situm: Ne quid exspectes amicos, quod tute agere possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin. (Sat. v. 37 Vahl.); so,

    in hoc scilicet, ne suspectus his foret,

    Vell. 2, 41 fin. —
    B.
    Hoc est serves to annex a more particular explanation of what has been said, that is, that is to say, namely:

    in hac causa dicam de eo prius, quod apud vos plurimum debet valere, hoc est, de voluntate eorum, quibus injuriae factae sunt,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:

    quadriennium, hoc est, ex quo tempore fundus veniit,

    id. Caecin. 7, 19; 34, 100:

    cum honos agebatur amplissimus familiae vestrae, hoc est, consulatus parentis tui,

    id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Fam. 5, 12, 8:

    primum quaero, qua ratione Naevius susceptum negotium non transegerit, hoc est, cur bona non vendiderit,

    id. Quint. 24, 76 et saep.—Sarcastically:

    ut haberet (Clodius) ad praeturam gerendam, hoc est, ad evertendam rem publicam plenum annum,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

    at quam crebro usurpat Et consul et Antonius! Hoc est dicere: Et consul et homo impudicissimus, Et consul et homo nequissimus,

    id. Phil. 2, 28, 70.—
    C.
    Hoc est or ĕrat, quod, with the accessory idea of indignation or reproach, is or was it for this that, etc.:

    hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignis Eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus... cernam?

    Verg. A. 2, 664; Petr. 93.—Hence,
    III.
    Advv.
    1.
    hāc, in this place, on this side, this way, here (class.): nunc Juppiter hac stat, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 263 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 12, 565: Ar. Hac quidem non venit. Le. Angiporto Illac per hortum circuit clam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 151:

    nunc hac An illac eam, incerta sum consili,

    id. Rud. 1, 3, 30:

    plenus rimarum sum: hac atque illac perfluo,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25; cf.:

    hac illac circumcursa,

    id. Heaut. 3, 2, 1; and: mox hac atque illa rapti, Tac. Agr. 28:

    sequere hac, reducam te ubi fuisti,

    this way, hither, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106; id. As. 4, 2, 1; id. Men. 4, 1, 4; id. Poen. 1, 2, 116; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; cf.:

    sequere hac me intus ad Glycerium nunc,

    Ter. And. 5, 6, 14:

    sequere me ergo hac intro,

    id. Ad. 4, 3, 18:

    i hac mecum intro,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 56; 62; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 35 sq.:

    quin igitur ad illa spatia nostra pergimus?... Nos vero: et hac quidem adire si placet, per ripam et umbram,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

    ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat. Hac nostris erat receptus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5; 2, 2, 3.—Hac-hac, for hac-illac ( poet.):

    namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai, Hac Phryges,

    Verg. A. 1, 467 sq.; Prop. 1, 3, 13; rarely in full form with the interrog. particle ne:

    utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus?

    Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (cf. Ladewig, Anal. Scaen. p. 22). —
    2.
    hīc (old form heic; and with the interrog. part. ne, hicine), adv. loci, in this place, here.
    I.
    In space.
    A.
    Lit.:

    hos quos videtis stare hic captivos duos, etc.... Senex qui hic habitat, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 1 sq.:

    ego jam dudum hic adsum,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 5:

    quem praestolare hic ante ostium?

    id. ib. 5, 6, 5:

    hic propter hunc adsiste,

    id. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

    hic tui omnes valent,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 3:

    non modo hic, ubi, etc... sed, ubicumque, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

    mons ibi arduus Nomine Parnasus... hic ubi Deucalion... parva rate vectus adhaesit,

    Ov. M. 1, 319:

    hic (sc. Carthagine) illius (Junonis) arma, Hic currus fuit,

    Verg. A. 1, 16 et saep.: Pa. Philocomasium hicine etiam nunc est? Pe Quom exibam, hic erat, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 25; cf.: Ch. Ubi ego sum? hicine an apud mortuos? Eut. Neque apud mortuos neque hic es, id. Merc. 3, 4, 17:

    hicine,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 21; 4, 2, 80; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 al.: Da. Cedo fenus, redde fenus, fenus reddite, etc.... Tr. Fenus illic, fenus hic, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 76:

    facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

    Ter. And. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

    hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,

    Verg. G. 1, 54:

    hic, illic, ubi mors deprenderat, exhalantes,

    Ov. M. 7, 581 (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 519).—With gen.:

    hic proxume viciniae,

    in this neighborhood, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2:

    modo vidi virginem hic viciniae miseram,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 45.—With ne: hicine libertatem aiunt aequam esse omnibus? is it here that, etc., Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 (cf. hic, I. B. fin.).—
    B.
    Transf., in this affair, on this occasion, in this particular, herein, here:

    hic, quantum in bello fortuna possit, cognosci potuit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 2; Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 49:

    hic tu tabulas desideras Heracliensium publicas,

    id. Arch. 4, 8; cf.:

    hic vos dubitabitis, judices,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 109:

    hic miramur, hunc hominem tantum excellere ceteris? etc.,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39:

    hic jam plura non dicam,

    id. ib. 9, 24; id. Planc. 41, 99; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66 (cf. II. fin. infra):

    hic, ubi opus est, non verentur: illic, ubi nihil opus est, ibi verentur,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

    ut cum hic tibi satisfecerimus, istic quoque nostram in te benevolentiam navare possimus,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3.—Referring to the noun whose position in the sentence is the most remote (cf. I. D. 2.):

    alterius ducis causa melior videbatur, alterius erat firmior: hic omnia speciosa, illic valentia,

    Vell. 2, 49, 3.—
    II.
    Of time, i. q. nunc or tum, now, here; then, hereupon, at this time, at this juncture:

    hic reddes omnia,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 15:

    hic ego quid praedicem?

    Cic. Sest. 5, 12; id. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

    hic cum uterque me intueretur,

    id. Fin. 2, 1, 1; so,

    hic cum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 20, 60; Nep. Milt. 3, 3:

    hic tum Fabricius frequentes eos ad me domum adduxit,

    Cic. Clu. 17, 49; so, hic tum, id. ib 20, 56; 27, 73; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26 §

    66 al.: hic regina gravem poposcit pateram,

    Verg. A. 1, 728.—So very freq. to introduce the beginning of a speech: hic Laelius (inquit); hic Philus;

    hic Scipio, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 23; 24 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; 3, 8, 3; 5, 15, 4; id. Ac. 2, 4, 10; id. de Or. 2, 50, 202; Verg. A. 9, 246 et saep.—
    3.
    huc (access. form hoc), v. huc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > hic

  • 12 Hoc erat quod

    hīc, haec, hoc ( gen. hujus, monosyl., Plaut. Am. prol. 51; 96; 1, 1, 115; dat. huic, Sidon. Carm. 7, 145; Avien. Descr. Orb. 22; dat. sing. fem. hae rei, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; acc. HONC for hunc, C. I. L. 1, 32; nom. plur. hic, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 4, 230 = Ann. v. 414 Vahl.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 73 Mull.; fem. haec, v. infra, B. init.; dat. and abl. hibus, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 78 Mull.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 203 sqq.), pron. demonstr. [from the pronom. root i (whence also comes is), with the demonstr. suffix ce ] points to something near or present, or which is conceived of as present, this.
    (α).
    With subst.:

    hic homo sanus non est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 246:

    rapidus fluvius est hic, non hac temere transiri potest... apud hunc fluvium, etc.,

    id. Bacch. 1, 1, 53:

    quid praeclarum putet in rebus humanis, qui haec deorum regna perspexerit? etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

    genus hoc,

    id. ib. 1, 25:

    hoc avunculo, atque in hac tam clara re publica natus,

    id. ib. 1, 19; cf.:

    quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt, et qui sunt procul ab aetatis hujus memoria,

    id. ib. 1, 1:

    his libris,

    id. ib. 1, 7:

    hae feriae,

    id. ib. 1, 9; 1, 20; cf.:

    hoc otio,

    id. ib. 9 fin.:

    haec caelestia vel studiosissime solet quaerere,

    id. ib. 1, 10:

    ad haec cituma,

    id. ib. 1, 21:

    hic vir,

    Liv. 7, 39, 12.—
    (β).
    Absol. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 520):

    hic insidiantes vigilant, Enn. l. l.: hi domum me ad se auferent,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94: non mihi videtur, quod hi venerunt, alius nobis sermo esse quaerendus, sed agendum accuratius, et dicendum dignum aliquid horum auribus, Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

    feceris (ut etiam pro his dicam) nobis gratum omnibus,

    id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

    hoc ubi Amphitruo erus conspicatus est, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 87:

    docere hoc poterat ille homines paene agrestes, et apud imperitos audebat haec dicere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 15:

    dixerat hoc ille, cum, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 12:

    haec Scipio cum dixisset,

    id. ib. 1, 11:

    haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 7.—
    B.
    More emphatic, in the original full form, hīce, haece, hōce (not, as formerly written, hicce, haecce, hocce; in gen. sing. HVIVSQVE; in nom. plur. hisce, like ieis = ei, and ques = qui, see below; and apocopated in nom. plur. fem. haec for haece, and in gen. plur. horunc, harunc, for horunce, harunce);

    and, with the interrogative particle, hicine, haecine, hocine (mostly ante - class.): hoce haud dubium est quin, etc.,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 17:

    eum hinc profugiens vendidit in Alide Patri hujusce,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 10; so,

    hujusce,

    id. Poen. prol. 120; 5, 4, 76; 87; cf.:

    atque hujusce rei judicium jam continuo video futurum,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

    hisce homines ubi habitent,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 36; v. Ritschl ad h. l.; so,

    hisce,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 125; id. Capt. prol. 35 Fleck.; id. Rud. 2, 1, 5 ib., and perh. also id. Mil. 4, 8, 24 (Ritschl, hice): hice, Att. ap. Non. 15, 29 (Trag. Rel. v. 122 Rib.); Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:

    haec aedes,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 53; 3, 1, 117; so,

    haec sunt atque aliae multae in magnis dotibus Incommoditates,

    id. Aul. 3, 5, 58:

    haec (puellae),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 34:

    haec sententiae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 22; 3, 34, 84; Lucr. 3, 601; Verg. G. 3, 305; cf. Bentl. Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 24:

    aliut posticum harunce aedium,

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 41; cf.:

    harunc aedium,

    id. Most. 2, 1, 57:

    sine opera tua nihil di horunc facere possunt,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 53:

    horunc,

    id. Poen. 3, 1, 48; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 97; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33:

    cedo signum, si harunc Baccharum es,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 25:

    harunc aedium,

    id. Merc. 5, 1, 3:

    hisce ego Placidum ted hodie reddam,

    id. Curc. 5, 3, 48; cf.:

    quid dicam hisce, incertus sum,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 36:

    tu ab hisce rebus animum avoca,

    Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5; so,

    hisce,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 7, 13; id. Most. 1, 3, 81; 1, 4, 23; 2, 2, 71; 4, 2, 35 et saep.: Thr. Tu hosce instrue. Gn Illuc est sapere! ut hosce instruxit, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11; so,

    hosce,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 71; id. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; 4, 5, 4; id. Ad. 5, 7, 5; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 4:

    apud hasce aedes,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 194; so,

    hasce,

    id. As. 2, 3, 1; id. Aul. 2, 4, 2; 2, 8, 15; id. Capt. 4, 2, 51; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 17 et saep.—

    With the interrog. particle: hicin' Achilles est?

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 61; so,

    hicinest?

    id. Pers. 5, 2, 49; cf.:

    hicine vir patriae natus usquam nisi in patria morietur?

    Cic. Mil. 38, 104 et saep.:

    haecine,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 206; id. Ep. 4, 2, 5; 5, 1, 15; id. Pers. 4, 3, 75; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 5; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 24:

    huncine hominem,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68; cf.:

    huncine hominem! hancine impudentiam! judices, hanc audaciam!

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 62:

    hocine hic pacto potest Inhibere imperium magister?

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 43:

    o Juppiter, hoscine mores!

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 40:

    hacine victoria sola aut hac praeda contenti estis futuri,

    Liv. 10, 17, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 3;

    so in the shorter form, hicne,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 141:

    ex hocne equo,

    id. Fat. 3, 5:

    cum hocne,

    id. Att. 9, 7, 3:

    ex hacne natura,

    id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62: haece locutus, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.) al.—So, Fortuna hujusce diei, as a particular deity, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 54;

    in inscrr. also written HVIVSQVE DIEI,

    Inscr. Orell. 5; cf.:

    HVIVSQ. LOCI,

    id. ib. 1580; 2300;

    and HOIVSQVE AEDIS ERGO,

    id. ib. 2488.—
    C.
    With other pronouns:

    hos eosdem motus perturbationes dixerimus,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 4, 7; cf.:

    cum idem hoc visum diceretur,

    id. Rep. 1, 14:

    hoc idem fit in reliquis civitatibus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 15, 2; id. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 17:

    haec eadem centurionibus tribunisque militum mandabant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17 fin.:

    haec eadem genera,

    Quint. 6, 3, 54:

    hoc ipsum civile jus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

    sed hoc ipsum ex superiore pendet quaestione,

    Quint. 2, 1, 8; 8, 3, 45:

    ad hunc eum ipsum,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2 Goer. N. cr.; cf.:

    idem hoc ipsum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 9, 26:

    huic illi legato,

    id. Fl. 22, 52:

    hunc illum fatis Portendi generum,

    Verg. A. 7, 255; cf.:

    hic est enim ille vultus semper idem, quem, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

    hic est ille status quantitatis,

    Quint. 7, 4, 15: haec est illa, quae deinôsis vocatur, id. 6, 2, 24:

    hujus istius facti stultitia,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 24:

    ista haec epigrammata,

    Sid. Ep. 2, 10: hunc talem virum, Cic. fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

    callidum quendam hunc,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218.—
    D.
    Opp. to ille, iste, less freq. to hic, alter, alius, etc., this, the latter, to indicate the nearer object (which is to be determined not so much by the phraseology as by the thought; so that hic may refer to that noun whose position in the sentence is the more remote, but which is the most closely connected with the speaker, and of the most importance to him, in which case it is to be rendered by that, the former, etc.):

    ejusdem esse, qui in illa re peccarit, hoc quoque admisisse,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 16, 50:

    in his undis et tempestatibus ad summam senectutem maluit jactari, quam in illa tranquillitate atque otio jucundissime vivere,

    id. Rep. 1, 1:

    si deerunt haec remedia, ad illa declinandum est,

    Quint. 7, 2, 30:

    cum hic testamento, ille proximitate nitatur,

    id. 3, 6, 95:

    in his judicem sibi, in illis alii credere,

    id. 5, 7, 33:

    haec pars perorationis accusatori patronoque ex aequo communis est. Affectibus quoque iisdem fere utuntur: sed varius hic, ille saepius ac magis,

    id. 6, 1, 8; cf. id. 6, 2, 12; 17:

    cum tu ista caelestia de Scipione quaesieris, ego autem haec, quae videntur ante oculos, esse magis putem quaerenda,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 19; id. Fam. 2, 11, 1:

    iisdem enim hic sapiens, de quo loquor, oculis, quibus iste vester, caelum, terram, mare intuebitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

    si hoc loco scripsisset, isto verbo usus non esset, non isto loco verbum istud collocasset,

    id. Inv. 2, 41, 121:

    has igitur tot sententias ut omittamus, haec nunc videamus, quae diu multumque defensa sunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 42, 130:

    Caesar facile diceret: Hic versus Plauti non est, hic est,

    this... that, id. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

    ego hoc dico. adversarius hoc,

    Quint. 4, 4, 8:

    vendidit hic auro patriam... Hic thalamum invasit natae,

    Verg. A. 6, 621 sq.:

    hi molium objectus, hi proximas scaphas scandere,

    Tac. A. 14, 8:

    quid responsuri sint adversarii his et his... cum sciret haec et haec,

    Quint. 6, 1, 3 sq.:

    interim quaeritur: hoc an hoc? furtum an sacrilegium?

    id. 7, 3, 9:

    alter (Roscius) plurimarum palmarum vetus ac nobilis gladiator habetur, hic autem nuper se ad eum lanistam contulit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

    occupat hic collem, cymba sedet alter adunca,

    Ov. M. 1, 293.—
    2.
    Referring to that which in the speaker's mind is the nearer object, although by the position of the words it is the more remote: quam ob rem cave Catoni anteponas ne istum quidem ipsum, quem Apollo sapientissimum judicavit (i. e. Socratem): Hujus enim (i. e. Catonis, of the former) facta, illius (i. e. Socratis) dicta laudantur, Cic. Lael. 2, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 2, 7:

    hanc posteriorem (artem) et Stoici et Peripatetici, priorem autem illi (i. e. Peripatetici) egregie tradiderunt, hi (i. e. Stoici) ne attigerunt quidem,

    id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

    hoc Cicero atque Asinius certatim sunt usi: pro Scauro hic, ille pro filio,

    Quint. 6, 1, 21; 3, 10, 1:

    melior tutiorque est certa pax quam sperata victoria: haec in tua, illa in deorum manu est,

    the former... the latter, Liv. 30, 30, 19:

    quocumque aspicio, nihil est, nisi pontus et aer: Fluctibus hic tumidus, nubibus ille minax,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 24; id. M. 1, 697.—
    E.
    In the neutr. sing. subst., with gen.:

    quid hoc hominist?

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf. Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 8:

    quid hoc morbi est?

    id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

    quid hoc est negoti?

    id. Ad. 4, 5, 71; cf. id. Eun. 3, 4, 6:

    hoc fructi pro labore ab his fero,

    id. Ad. 5, 4, 16:

    edormiscam hoc villi,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 11:

    hoc commodi est, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

    hoc copiarum in Hispanias portatum est,

    Liv. 42, 18, 7:

    hoc servitutis injunxisse, ut, etc.,

    id. 5, 2, 8:

    hoc intervalli datum res tranquillas in urbe fecit,

    id. 3, 25, 4:

    hoc consilii,

    id. 5, 39, 6:

    hoc solacii,

    id. 30, 13, 13:

    hoc noctis,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 2; 11; 136.—
    F.
    Hoc with verbs impers., pleonast. as a subject (ante-class.):

    eamus, Amphitruo: lucescit hoc jam,

    there is daybreak, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 45: luciscit hoc jam, [p. 853] Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 1:

    lucet hoc,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 63; cf. id. Curc. 1, 3, 26.—
    G.
    Pregn. (qs. pointing to something with the finger), this, this... here (ante-class. and poet.); most freq. of the speaker himself, like the Gr. hode, for ego:

    hic homost omnium hominum praecipuos,

    Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 1:

    hic si quid nobis forte adversi evenerit, tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 115; so,

    huic homini, i. q. mihi,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 38:

    hic homo, i. q. ego,

    id. Curc. 2, 1, 33:

    hunc hominem, i. q. me,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 47; cf.:

    vin' tu huic seni auscultare?

    Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 8; id. And. 2, 1, 10; Tib. 2, 6, 7:

    haec res,

    my property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 106:

    hunc in collum,

    my neck, id. Pers. 4, 6, 9 Brix (Ritschl, huc): ni haec praesensisset canes, this dog, = ego, id. Trin. 1, 2, 135 Brix ad loc.—In neutr. absol.: tu quod te posterius purges hanc injuriam mihi nolle Factam esse, hujus non faciam, not so much, i. e. not the least, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 9.—
    H.
    With reference to time, of this time, now present, actual, this:

    cena hac annona est sine sacris hereditas,

    in the present scarcity, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 83:

    sed nondum haec, quae nunc tenet saeculum, neglegentia deum venerat,

    Liv. 3, 20:

    his temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 77, 1:

    M. Cato, hujus nostri Catonis pater,

    id. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.:

    si potius ad antiquorum diligentiam, quam ad horum luxuriam dirigas aedificationem,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 6 sq.:

    etenim qui haec vituperare volunt, Chrysogonum tantum posse queruntur,

    the present times, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:

    ne horum quidem magnificentia operum,

    Liv. 1, 55 fin.;

    very rarely of time just ended: ante hos annos quadraginta,

    Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 143:

    ante hos sex menses,

    Phaedr. 1, 1, 10:

    ante hoc triduum,

    Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 5 init.; Aug. Serm. 270, 3.
    II.
    Very freq. referring to a thought that follows, and which may be expressed by a relative sentence, or by a sentence denoting the object, cause, or effect; with qui, quae, quod, an acc. and inf., quod, ut, ne, etc. (more clearly indicative than the determinative, is, ea, id; though freq. confounded with it in MSS. and editt.).
    (α).
    With relat. clause:

    Qui hodie fuerim liber, eum nunc potivit pater Servitutis: hic, qui verna natust, conqueritur,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 24; cf.:

    eos, qui, etc.... his, qui, etc.... longe duco esse anteponendos,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

    neque his contentus sum, quae de ista consultatione scripta nobis summi ex Graecia homines reliquerunt, neque ea, quae mihi videntur, anteferre illis audeo,

    id. ib. 1, 22:

    non est tibi his solis utendum existimationibus ac judiciis, qui nunc sunt, hominum, sed iis etiam, qui futuri sunt,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

    quis hic est homo, quem ante aedis video hoc noctis?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:

    unde in laboribus et periculis fortitudo? nempe ab his, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17:

    haec quae sunt in hoc genere,

    id. ib. 1, 11:

    mundus hic totus, quod domicilium di nobis dederunt,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    hoc autem sphaerae genus, in quo, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 14;

    1, 16: in his libris, quos legistis,

    id. Leg. 1, 9, 27; cf. id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

    quam quisque norit artem, in hac se exerceat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 18, 41 et saep.:

    lepide ipsi hi sunt capti, suis qui filiis fecere insidias,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 90; cf. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 3; id. N. D. 1, 40, 113:

    servi, qui, cum culpa carint, tamen malum Metuont, hi solent esse eris utibiles,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 2 sq.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 19:

    de Bruti amore etsi mihi nihil novi adfers: tamen hoc audio libentius, quo saepius,

    id. Att. 13, 36 fin.; cf.:

    is porro, quo generosior celsiorque est, hoc majoribus velut organis commovetur,

    Quint. 1, 2, 30:

    hoc primum videamus, quidnam sit, de altero sole quod nuntiatum est in senatu, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 10; 1, 24:

    mire tractat hoc Cicero pro Milone quae facturus fuerit Clodius, si praeturam invasisset,

    Quint. 9, 2, 41.—
    (β).
    With acc. and inf.:

    erat tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

    sed hoc vir excellenti providentia sensit ac vidit, non esse opportunissimos situs maritimos urbibus iis, quae, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 3:

    hoc tantum admiror, Flavum, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 4, 40; 11, 1, 22:

    unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1: hoc simul accipe dictum: Quorum..., Eorundem libertati me parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204 Vahl.); cf.

    with appositive clause: sic hoc proloquar: Principio, ut illo advenimus, Continuo Amphitruo delegit viros, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 48:

    ut hoc: Non debes alienam uxorem optare,

    Quint. 7, 1, 25; cf. id. 9, 4, 97; 9, 2, 32.—
    (γ).
    With quod or quia:

    maxime hoc mihi mirum videri solet, quod, qui tranquillo mari gubernare se negent posse, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 6:

    quaesierat ex me Scipio, quidnam sentirem de hoc, quod duo soles visos esse constaret,

    id. ib. 1, 13; Quint. 9, 1, 1:

    propter hoc ipsum ostendenda non sunt, quod apparent,

    id. 12, 9, 6:

    nostri primo integris viribus fortiter repugnare... sed hoc superari, quod diuturnitate pugnae, etc.,

    in this that, herein that, Caes. B. G. 3, 4, 3; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 30:

    hoc ipso fidem detrahimus illis, quod sint tam gravia,

    id. 9, 2, 53:

    hoc ipso, quod,

    id. 4, 1, 54; 5, 11, 41; 6, 2, 16 et saep.: consilio vestro utar libenter, et hoc libentius, quod, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, C, 1; cf.:

    id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 3:

    hoc esse miseriorem gravioremque fortunam Sequanorum quam reliquorum, quod soli, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 32, 4; Quint. 5, 7, 22:

    hoc magis, quod (al. quia) illic ut litigatores loquimur frequentius,

    id. 6, 2, 36:

    hoc sese excruciat animi, Quia leno ademit cistulam ei,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 57:

    quod hoc etiam mirabilius debet videri, quia, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12; cf.:

    hoc sunt exempla potentiora, quia, etc.,

    Quint. 10, 1, 15.—
    (δ).
    With ut or ne:

    nunc hoc me orare a vobis jussit Juppiter, ut conquistores, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 64; cf.:

    hoc quoque etiam mihi in mandatis dedit, Ut conquistores, etc.,

    id. ib. 81:

    atque hoc evenit In labore atque in dolore, ut mors obrepat interim,

    id. Ps. 2, 3, 19:

    nec enim hoc suscepi, ut, etc.... neque hoc polliceor me facturum, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 24:

    neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut... sed ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 4;

    for which: homines sunt hac lege generati, qui tuerentur, etc.,

    id. ib. 6, 15:

    quare hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut aetas nostra, etc.,

    id. Fam. 2, 1 fin.; id. Off. 3, 5, 22; id. Rep. 1, 12:

    plurimum in hoc laboris exhausimus, ut ostenderemus, etc.,

    Quint. 8 praef. § 6; cf.:

    habenda fides est vel in hoc, ut, etc.,

    id. 11, 2, 51; so,

    in hoc, ut,

    id. 6, 3, 15; 10, 3, 29: hoc erit tibi argumentum semper in promptu situm: Ne quid exspectes amicos, quod tute agere possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin. (Sat. v. 37 Vahl.); so,

    in hoc scilicet, ne suspectus his foret,

    Vell. 2, 41 fin. —
    B.
    Hoc est serves to annex a more particular explanation of what has been said, that is, that is to say, namely:

    in hac causa dicam de eo prius, quod apud vos plurimum debet valere, hoc est, de voluntate eorum, quibus injuriae factae sunt,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:

    quadriennium, hoc est, ex quo tempore fundus veniit,

    id. Caecin. 7, 19; 34, 100:

    cum honos agebatur amplissimus familiae vestrae, hoc est, consulatus parentis tui,

    id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Fam. 5, 12, 8:

    primum quaero, qua ratione Naevius susceptum negotium non transegerit, hoc est, cur bona non vendiderit,

    id. Quint. 24, 76 et saep.—Sarcastically:

    ut haberet (Clodius) ad praeturam gerendam, hoc est, ad evertendam rem publicam plenum annum,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

    at quam crebro usurpat Et consul et Antonius! Hoc est dicere: Et consul et homo impudicissimus, Et consul et homo nequissimus,

    id. Phil. 2, 28, 70.—
    C.
    Hoc est or ĕrat, quod, with the accessory idea of indignation or reproach, is or was it for this that, etc.:

    hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignis Eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus... cernam?

    Verg. A. 2, 664; Petr. 93.—Hence,
    III.
    Advv.
    1.
    hāc, in this place, on this side, this way, here (class.): nunc Juppiter hac stat, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 263 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 12, 565: Ar. Hac quidem non venit. Le. Angiporto Illac per hortum circuit clam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 151:

    nunc hac An illac eam, incerta sum consili,

    id. Rud. 1, 3, 30:

    plenus rimarum sum: hac atque illac perfluo,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25; cf.:

    hac illac circumcursa,

    id. Heaut. 3, 2, 1; and: mox hac atque illa rapti, Tac. Agr. 28:

    sequere hac, reducam te ubi fuisti,

    this way, hither, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106; id. As. 4, 2, 1; id. Men. 4, 1, 4; id. Poen. 1, 2, 116; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; cf.:

    sequere hac me intus ad Glycerium nunc,

    Ter. And. 5, 6, 14:

    sequere me ergo hac intro,

    id. Ad. 4, 3, 18:

    i hac mecum intro,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 56; 62; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 35 sq.:

    quin igitur ad illa spatia nostra pergimus?... Nos vero: et hac quidem adire si placet, per ripam et umbram,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

    ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat. Hac nostris erat receptus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5; 2, 2, 3.—Hac-hac, for hac-illac ( poet.):

    namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai, Hac Phryges,

    Verg. A. 1, 467 sq.; Prop. 1, 3, 13; rarely in full form with the interrog. particle ne:

    utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus?

    Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (cf. Ladewig, Anal. Scaen. p. 22). —
    2.
    hīc (old form heic; and with the interrog. part. ne, hicine), adv. loci, in this place, here.
    I.
    In space.
    A.
    Lit.:

    hos quos videtis stare hic captivos duos, etc.... Senex qui hic habitat, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 1 sq.:

    ego jam dudum hic adsum,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 5:

    quem praestolare hic ante ostium?

    id. ib. 5, 6, 5:

    hic propter hunc adsiste,

    id. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

    hic tui omnes valent,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 3:

    non modo hic, ubi, etc... sed, ubicumque, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

    mons ibi arduus Nomine Parnasus... hic ubi Deucalion... parva rate vectus adhaesit,

    Ov. M. 1, 319:

    hic (sc. Carthagine) illius (Junonis) arma, Hic currus fuit,

    Verg. A. 1, 16 et saep.: Pa. Philocomasium hicine etiam nunc est? Pe Quom exibam, hic erat, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 25; cf.: Ch. Ubi ego sum? hicine an apud mortuos? Eut. Neque apud mortuos neque hic es, id. Merc. 3, 4, 17:

    hicine,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 21; 4, 2, 80; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 al.: Da. Cedo fenus, redde fenus, fenus reddite, etc.... Tr. Fenus illic, fenus hic, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 76:

    facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

    Ter. And. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

    hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,

    Verg. G. 1, 54:

    hic, illic, ubi mors deprenderat, exhalantes,

    Ov. M. 7, 581 (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 519).—With gen.:

    hic proxume viciniae,

    in this neighborhood, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2:

    modo vidi virginem hic viciniae miseram,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 45.—With ne: hicine libertatem aiunt aequam esse omnibus? is it here that, etc., Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 (cf. hic, I. B. fin.).—
    B.
    Transf., in this affair, on this occasion, in this particular, herein, here:

    hic, quantum in bello fortuna possit, cognosci potuit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 2; Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 49:

    hic tu tabulas desideras Heracliensium publicas,

    id. Arch. 4, 8; cf.:

    hic vos dubitabitis, judices,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 109:

    hic miramur, hunc hominem tantum excellere ceteris? etc.,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39:

    hic jam plura non dicam,

    id. ib. 9, 24; id. Planc. 41, 99; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66 (cf. II. fin. infra):

    hic, ubi opus est, non verentur: illic, ubi nihil opus est, ibi verentur,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

    ut cum hic tibi satisfecerimus, istic quoque nostram in te benevolentiam navare possimus,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3.—Referring to the noun whose position in the sentence is the most remote (cf. I. D. 2.):

    alterius ducis causa melior videbatur, alterius erat firmior: hic omnia speciosa, illic valentia,

    Vell. 2, 49, 3.—
    II.
    Of time, i. q. nunc or tum, now, here; then, hereupon, at this time, at this juncture:

    hic reddes omnia,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 15:

    hic ego quid praedicem?

    Cic. Sest. 5, 12; id. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

    hic cum uterque me intueretur,

    id. Fin. 2, 1, 1; so,

    hic cum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 20, 60; Nep. Milt. 3, 3:

    hic tum Fabricius frequentes eos ad me domum adduxit,

    Cic. Clu. 17, 49; so, hic tum, id. ib 20, 56; 27, 73; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26 §

    66 al.: hic regina gravem poposcit pateram,

    Verg. A. 1, 728.—So very freq. to introduce the beginning of a speech: hic Laelius (inquit); hic Philus;

    hic Scipio, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 23; 24 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; 3, 8, 3; 5, 15, 4; id. Ac. 2, 4, 10; id. de Or. 2, 50, 202; Verg. A. 9, 246 et saep.—
    3.
    huc (access. form hoc), v. huc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Hoc erat quod

  • 13 Hoc est

    hīc, haec, hoc ( gen. hujus, monosyl., Plaut. Am. prol. 51; 96; 1, 1, 115; dat. huic, Sidon. Carm. 7, 145; Avien. Descr. Orb. 22; dat. sing. fem. hae rei, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; acc. HONC for hunc, C. I. L. 1, 32; nom. plur. hic, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 4, 230 = Ann. v. 414 Vahl.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 73 Mull.; fem. haec, v. infra, B. init.; dat. and abl. hibus, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 78 Mull.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 203 sqq.), pron. demonstr. [from the pronom. root i (whence also comes is), with the demonstr. suffix ce ] points to something near or present, or which is conceived of as present, this.
    (α).
    With subst.:

    hic homo sanus non est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 246:

    rapidus fluvius est hic, non hac temere transiri potest... apud hunc fluvium, etc.,

    id. Bacch. 1, 1, 53:

    quid praeclarum putet in rebus humanis, qui haec deorum regna perspexerit? etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

    genus hoc,

    id. ib. 1, 25:

    hoc avunculo, atque in hac tam clara re publica natus,

    id. ib. 1, 19; cf.:

    quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt, et qui sunt procul ab aetatis hujus memoria,

    id. ib. 1, 1:

    his libris,

    id. ib. 1, 7:

    hae feriae,

    id. ib. 1, 9; 1, 20; cf.:

    hoc otio,

    id. ib. 9 fin.:

    haec caelestia vel studiosissime solet quaerere,

    id. ib. 1, 10:

    ad haec cituma,

    id. ib. 1, 21:

    hic vir,

    Liv. 7, 39, 12.—
    (β).
    Absol. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 520):

    hic insidiantes vigilant, Enn. l. l.: hi domum me ad se auferent,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94: non mihi videtur, quod hi venerunt, alius nobis sermo esse quaerendus, sed agendum accuratius, et dicendum dignum aliquid horum auribus, Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

    feceris (ut etiam pro his dicam) nobis gratum omnibus,

    id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

    hoc ubi Amphitruo erus conspicatus est, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 87:

    docere hoc poterat ille homines paene agrestes, et apud imperitos audebat haec dicere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 15:

    dixerat hoc ille, cum, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 12:

    haec Scipio cum dixisset,

    id. ib. 1, 11:

    haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 7.—
    B.
    More emphatic, in the original full form, hīce, haece, hōce (not, as formerly written, hicce, haecce, hocce; in gen. sing. HVIVSQVE; in nom. plur. hisce, like ieis = ei, and ques = qui, see below; and apocopated in nom. plur. fem. haec for haece, and in gen. plur. horunc, harunc, for horunce, harunce);

    and, with the interrogative particle, hicine, haecine, hocine (mostly ante - class.): hoce haud dubium est quin, etc.,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 17:

    eum hinc profugiens vendidit in Alide Patri hujusce,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 10; so,

    hujusce,

    id. Poen. prol. 120; 5, 4, 76; 87; cf.:

    atque hujusce rei judicium jam continuo video futurum,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

    hisce homines ubi habitent,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 36; v. Ritschl ad h. l.; so,

    hisce,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 125; id. Capt. prol. 35 Fleck.; id. Rud. 2, 1, 5 ib., and perh. also id. Mil. 4, 8, 24 (Ritschl, hice): hice, Att. ap. Non. 15, 29 (Trag. Rel. v. 122 Rib.); Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:

    haec aedes,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 53; 3, 1, 117; so,

    haec sunt atque aliae multae in magnis dotibus Incommoditates,

    id. Aul. 3, 5, 58:

    haec (puellae),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 34:

    haec sententiae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 22; 3, 34, 84; Lucr. 3, 601; Verg. G. 3, 305; cf. Bentl. Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 24:

    aliut posticum harunce aedium,

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 41; cf.:

    harunc aedium,

    id. Most. 2, 1, 57:

    sine opera tua nihil di horunc facere possunt,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 53:

    horunc,

    id. Poen. 3, 1, 48; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 97; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33:

    cedo signum, si harunc Baccharum es,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 25:

    harunc aedium,

    id. Merc. 5, 1, 3:

    hisce ego Placidum ted hodie reddam,

    id. Curc. 5, 3, 48; cf.:

    quid dicam hisce, incertus sum,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 36:

    tu ab hisce rebus animum avoca,

    Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5; so,

    hisce,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 7, 13; id. Most. 1, 3, 81; 1, 4, 23; 2, 2, 71; 4, 2, 35 et saep.: Thr. Tu hosce instrue. Gn Illuc est sapere! ut hosce instruxit, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11; so,

    hosce,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 71; id. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; 4, 5, 4; id. Ad. 5, 7, 5; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 4:

    apud hasce aedes,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 194; so,

    hasce,

    id. As. 2, 3, 1; id. Aul. 2, 4, 2; 2, 8, 15; id. Capt. 4, 2, 51; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 17 et saep.—

    With the interrog. particle: hicin' Achilles est?

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 61; so,

    hicinest?

    id. Pers. 5, 2, 49; cf.:

    hicine vir patriae natus usquam nisi in patria morietur?

    Cic. Mil. 38, 104 et saep.:

    haecine,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 206; id. Ep. 4, 2, 5; 5, 1, 15; id. Pers. 4, 3, 75; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 5; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 24:

    huncine hominem,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68; cf.:

    huncine hominem! hancine impudentiam! judices, hanc audaciam!

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 62:

    hocine hic pacto potest Inhibere imperium magister?

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 43:

    o Juppiter, hoscine mores!

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 40:

    hacine victoria sola aut hac praeda contenti estis futuri,

    Liv. 10, 17, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 3;

    so in the shorter form, hicne,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 141:

    ex hocne equo,

    id. Fat. 3, 5:

    cum hocne,

    id. Att. 9, 7, 3:

    ex hacne natura,

    id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62: haece locutus, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.) al.—So, Fortuna hujusce diei, as a particular deity, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 54;

    in inscrr. also written HVIVSQVE DIEI,

    Inscr. Orell. 5; cf.:

    HVIVSQ. LOCI,

    id. ib. 1580; 2300;

    and HOIVSQVE AEDIS ERGO,

    id. ib. 2488.—
    C.
    With other pronouns:

    hos eosdem motus perturbationes dixerimus,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 4, 7; cf.:

    cum idem hoc visum diceretur,

    id. Rep. 1, 14:

    hoc idem fit in reliquis civitatibus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 15, 2; id. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 17:

    haec eadem centurionibus tribunisque militum mandabant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17 fin.:

    haec eadem genera,

    Quint. 6, 3, 54:

    hoc ipsum civile jus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

    sed hoc ipsum ex superiore pendet quaestione,

    Quint. 2, 1, 8; 8, 3, 45:

    ad hunc eum ipsum,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2 Goer. N. cr.; cf.:

    idem hoc ipsum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 9, 26:

    huic illi legato,

    id. Fl. 22, 52:

    hunc illum fatis Portendi generum,

    Verg. A. 7, 255; cf.:

    hic est enim ille vultus semper idem, quem, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

    hic est ille status quantitatis,

    Quint. 7, 4, 15: haec est illa, quae deinôsis vocatur, id. 6, 2, 24:

    hujus istius facti stultitia,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 24:

    ista haec epigrammata,

    Sid. Ep. 2, 10: hunc talem virum, Cic. fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

    callidum quendam hunc,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218.—
    D.
    Opp. to ille, iste, less freq. to hic, alter, alius, etc., this, the latter, to indicate the nearer object (which is to be determined not so much by the phraseology as by the thought; so that hic may refer to that noun whose position in the sentence is the more remote, but which is the most closely connected with the speaker, and of the most importance to him, in which case it is to be rendered by that, the former, etc.):

    ejusdem esse, qui in illa re peccarit, hoc quoque admisisse,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 16, 50:

    in his undis et tempestatibus ad summam senectutem maluit jactari, quam in illa tranquillitate atque otio jucundissime vivere,

    id. Rep. 1, 1:

    si deerunt haec remedia, ad illa declinandum est,

    Quint. 7, 2, 30:

    cum hic testamento, ille proximitate nitatur,

    id. 3, 6, 95:

    in his judicem sibi, in illis alii credere,

    id. 5, 7, 33:

    haec pars perorationis accusatori patronoque ex aequo communis est. Affectibus quoque iisdem fere utuntur: sed varius hic, ille saepius ac magis,

    id. 6, 1, 8; cf. id. 6, 2, 12; 17:

    cum tu ista caelestia de Scipione quaesieris, ego autem haec, quae videntur ante oculos, esse magis putem quaerenda,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 19; id. Fam. 2, 11, 1:

    iisdem enim hic sapiens, de quo loquor, oculis, quibus iste vester, caelum, terram, mare intuebitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

    si hoc loco scripsisset, isto verbo usus non esset, non isto loco verbum istud collocasset,

    id. Inv. 2, 41, 121:

    has igitur tot sententias ut omittamus, haec nunc videamus, quae diu multumque defensa sunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 42, 130:

    Caesar facile diceret: Hic versus Plauti non est, hic est,

    this... that, id. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

    ego hoc dico. adversarius hoc,

    Quint. 4, 4, 8:

    vendidit hic auro patriam... Hic thalamum invasit natae,

    Verg. A. 6, 621 sq.:

    hi molium objectus, hi proximas scaphas scandere,

    Tac. A. 14, 8:

    quid responsuri sint adversarii his et his... cum sciret haec et haec,

    Quint. 6, 1, 3 sq.:

    interim quaeritur: hoc an hoc? furtum an sacrilegium?

    id. 7, 3, 9:

    alter (Roscius) plurimarum palmarum vetus ac nobilis gladiator habetur, hic autem nuper se ad eum lanistam contulit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

    occupat hic collem, cymba sedet alter adunca,

    Ov. M. 1, 293.—
    2.
    Referring to that which in the speaker's mind is the nearer object, although by the position of the words it is the more remote: quam ob rem cave Catoni anteponas ne istum quidem ipsum, quem Apollo sapientissimum judicavit (i. e. Socratem): Hujus enim (i. e. Catonis, of the former) facta, illius (i. e. Socratis) dicta laudantur, Cic. Lael. 2, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 2, 7:

    hanc posteriorem (artem) et Stoici et Peripatetici, priorem autem illi (i. e. Peripatetici) egregie tradiderunt, hi (i. e. Stoici) ne attigerunt quidem,

    id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

    hoc Cicero atque Asinius certatim sunt usi: pro Scauro hic, ille pro filio,

    Quint. 6, 1, 21; 3, 10, 1:

    melior tutiorque est certa pax quam sperata victoria: haec in tua, illa in deorum manu est,

    the former... the latter, Liv. 30, 30, 19:

    quocumque aspicio, nihil est, nisi pontus et aer: Fluctibus hic tumidus, nubibus ille minax,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 24; id. M. 1, 697.—
    E.
    In the neutr. sing. subst., with gen.:

    quid hoc hominist?

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf. Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 8:

    quid hoc morbi est?

    id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

    quid hoc est negoti?

    id. Ad. 4, 5, 71; cf. id. Eun. 3, 4, 6:

    hoc fructi pro labore ab his fero,

    id. Ad. 5, 4, 16:

    edormiscam hoc villi,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 11:

    hoc commodi est, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

    hoc copiarum in Hispanias portatum est,

    Liv. 42, 18, 7:

    hoc servitutis injunxisse, ut, etc.,

    id. 5, 2, 8:

    hoc intervalli datum res tranquillas in urbe fecit,

    id. 3, 25, 4:

    hoc consilii,

    id. 5, 39, 6:

    hoc solacii,

    id. 30, 13, 13:

    hoc noctis,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 2; 11; 136.—
    F.
    Hoc with verbs impers., pleonast. as a subject (ante-class.):

    eamus, Amphitruo: lucescit hoc jam,

    there is daybreak, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 45: luciscit hoc jam, [p. 853] Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 1:

    lucet hoc,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 63; cf. id. Curc. 1, 3, 26.—
    G.
    Pregn. (qs. pointing to something with the finger), this, this... here (ante-class. and poet.); most freq. of the speaker himself, like the Gr. hode, for ego:

    hic homost omnium hominum praecipuos,

    Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 1:

    hic si quid nobis forte adversi evenerit, tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 115; so,

    huic homini, i. q. mihi,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 38:

    hic homo, i. q. ego,

    id. Curc. 2, 1, 33:

    hunc hominem, i. q. me,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 47; cf.:

    vin' tu huic seni auscultare?

    Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 8; id. And. 2, 1, 10; Tib. 2, 6, 7:

    haec res,

    my property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 106:

    hunc in collum,

    my neck, id. Pers. 4, 6, 9 Brix (Ritschl, huc): ni haec praesensisset canes, this dog, = ego, id. Trin. 1, 2, 135 Brix ad loc.—In neutr. absol.: tu quod te posterius purges hanc injuriam mihi nolle Factam esse, hujus non faciam, not so much, i. e. not the least, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 9.—
    H.
    With reference to time, of this time, now present, actual, this:

    cena hac annona est sine sacris hereditas,

    in the present scarcity, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 83:

    sed nondum haec, quae nunc tenet saeculum, neglegentia deum venerat,

    Liv. 3, 20:

    his temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 77, 1:

    M. Cato, hujus nostri Catonis pater,

    id. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.:

    si potius ad antiquorum diligentiam, quam ad horum luxuriam dirigas aedificationem,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 6 sq.:

    etenim qui haec vituperare volunt, Chrysogonum tantum posse queruntur,

    the present times, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:

    ne horum quidem magnificentia operum,

    Liv. 1, 55 fin.;

    very rarely of time just ended: ante hos annos quadraginta,

    Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 143:

    ante hos sex menses,

    Phaedr. 1, 1, 10:

    ante hoc triduum,

    Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 5 init.; Aug. Serm. 270, 3.
    II.
    Very freq. referring to a thought that follows, and which may be expressed by a relative sentence, or by a sentence denoting the object, cause, or effect; with qui, quae, quod, an acc. and inf., quod, ut, ne, etc. (more clearly indicative than the determinative, is, ea, id; though freq. confounded with it in MSS. and editt.).
    (α).
    With relat. clause:

    Qui hodie fuerim liber, eum nunc potivit pater Servitutis: hic, qui verna natust, conqueritur,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 24; cf.:

    eos, qui, etc.... his, qui, etc.... longe duco esse anteponendos,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

    neque his contentus sum, quae de ista consultatione scripta nobis summi ex Graecia homines reliquerunt, neque ea, quae mihi videntur, anteferre illis audeo,

    id. ib. 1, 22:

    non est tibi his solis utendum existimationibus ac judiciis, qui nunc sunt, hominum, sed iis etiam, qui futuri sunt,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

    quis hic est homo, quem ante aedis video hoc noctis?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:

    unde in laboribus et periculis fortitudo? nempe ab his, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17:

    haec quae sunt in hoc genere,

    id. ib. 1, 11:

    mundus hic totus, quod domicilium di nobis dederunt,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    hoc autem sphaerae genus, in quo, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 14;

    1, 16: in his libris, quos legistis,

    id. Leg. 1, 9, 27; cf. id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

    quam quisque norit artem, in hac se exerceat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 18, 41 et saep.:

    lepide ipsi hi sunt capti, suis qui filiis fecere insidias,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 90; cf. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 3; id. N. D. 1, 40, 113:

    servi, qui, cum culpa carint, tamen malum Metuont, hi solent esse eris utibiles,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 2 sq.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 19:

    de Bruti amore etsi mihi nihil novi adfers: tamen hoc audio libentius, quo saepius,

    id. Att. 13, 36 fin.; cf.:

    is porro, quo generosior celsiorque est, hoc majoribus velut organis commovetur,

    Quint. 1, 2, 30:

    hoc primum videamus, quidnam sit, de altero sole quod nuntiatum est in senatu, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 10; 1, 24:

    mire tractat hoc Cicero pro Milone quae facturus fuerit Clodius, si praeturam invasisset,

    Quint. 9, 2, 41.—
    (β).
    With acc. and inf.:

    erat tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

    sed hoc vir excellenti providentia sensit ac vidit, non esse opportunissimos situs maritimos urbibus iis, quae, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 3:

    hoc tantum admiror, Flavum, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 4, 40; 11, 1, 22:

    unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1: hoc simul accipe dictum: Quorum..., Eorundem libertati me parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204 Vahl.); cf.

    with appositive clause: sic hoc proloquar: Principio, ut illo advenimus, Continuo Amphitruo delegit viros, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 48:

    ut hoc: Non debes alienam uxorem optare,

    Quint. 7, 1, 25; cf. id. 9, 4, 97; 9, 2, 32.—
    (γ).
    With quod or quia:

    maxime hoc mihi mirum videri solet, quod, qui tranquillo mari gubernare se negent posse, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 6:

    quaesierat ex me Scipio, quidnam sentirem de hoc, quod duo soles visos esse constaret,

    id. ib. 1, 13; Quint. 9, 1, 1:

    propter hoc ipsum ostendenda non sunt, quod apparent,

    id. 12, 9, 6:

    nostri primo integris viribus fortiter repugnare... sed hoc superari, quod diuturnitate pugnae, etc.,

    in this that, herein that, Caes. B. G. 3, 4, 3; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 30:

    hoc ipso fidem detrahimus illis, quod sint tam gravia,

    id. 9, 2, 53:

    hoc ipso, quod,

    id. 4, 1, 54; 5, 11, 41; 6, 2, 16 et saep.: consilio vestro utar libenter, et hoc libentius, quod, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, C, 1; cf.:

    id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 3:

    hoc esse miseriorem gravioremque fortunam Sequanorum quam reliquorum, quod soli, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 32, 4; Quint. 5, 7, 22:

    hoc magis, quod (al. quia) illic ut litigatores loquimur frequentius,

    id. 6, 2, 36:

    hoc sese excruciat animi, Quia leno ademit cistulam ei,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 57:

    quod hoc etiam mirabilius debet videri, quia, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12; cf.:

    hoc sunt exempla potentiora, quia, etc.,

    Quint. 10, 1, 15.—
    (δ).
    With ut or ne:

    nunc hoc me orare a vobis jussit Juppiter, ut conquistores, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 64; cf.:

    hoc quoque etiam mihi in mandatis dedit, Ut conquistores, etc.,

    id. ib. 81:

    atque hoc evenit In labore atque in dolore, ut mors obrepat interim,

    id. Ps. 2, 3, 19:

    nec enim hoc suscepi, ut, etc.... neque hoc polliceor me facturum, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 24:

    neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut... sed ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 4;

    for which: homines sunt hac lege generati, qui tuerentur, etc.,

    id. ib. 6, 15:

    quare hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut aetas nostra, etc.,

    id. Fam. 2, 1 fin.; id. Off. 3, 5, 22; id. Rep. 1, 12:

    plurimum in hoc laboris exhausimus, ut ostenderemus, etc.,

    Quint. 8 praef. § 6; cf.:

    habenda fides est vel in hoc, ut, etc.,

    id. 11, 2, 51; so,

    in hoc, ut,

    id. 6, 3, 15; 10, 3, 29: hoc erit tibi argumentum semper in promptu situm: Ne quid exspectes amicos, quod tute agere possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin. (Sat. v. 37 Vahl.); so,

    in hoc scilicet, ne suspectus his foret,

    Vell. 2, 41 fin. —
    B.
    Hoc est serves to annex a more particular explanation of what has been said, that is, that is to say, namely:

    in hac causa dicam de eo prius, quod apud vos plurimum debet valere, hoc est, de voluntate eorum, quibus injuriae factae sunt,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:

    quadriennium, hoc est, ex quo tempore fundus veniit,

    id. Caecin. 7, 19; 34, 100:

    cum honos agebatur amplissimus familiae vestrae, hoc est, consulatus parentis tui,

    id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Fam. 5, 12, 8:

    primum quaero, qua ratione Naevius susceptum negotium non transegerit, hoc est, cur bona non vendiderit,

    id. Quint. 24, 76 et saep.—Sarcastically:

    ut haberet (Clodius) ad praeturam gerendam, hoc est, ad evertendam rem publicam plenum annum,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

    at quam crebro usurpat Et consul et Antonius! Hoc est dicere: Et consul et homo impudicissimus, Et consul et homo nequissimus,

    id. Phil. 2, 28, 70.—
    C.
    Hoc est or ĕrat, quod, with the accessory idea of indignation or reproach, is or was it for this that, etc.:

    hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignis Eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus... cernam?

    Verg. A. 2, 664; Petr. 93.—Hence,
    III.
    Advv.
    1.
    hāc, in this place, on this side, this way, here (class.): nunc Juppiter hac stat, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 263 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 12, 565: Ar. Hac quidem non venit. Le. Angiporto Illac per hortum circuit clam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 151:

    nunc hac An illac eam, incerta sum consili,

    id. Rud. 1, 3, 30:

    plenus rimarum sum: hac atque illac perfluo,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25; cf.:

    hac illac circumcursa,

    id. Heaut. 3, 2, 1; and: mox hac atque illa rapti, Tac. Agr. 28:

    sequere hac, reducam te ubi fuisti,

    this way, hither, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106; id. As. 4, 2, 1; id. Men. 4, 1, 4; id. Poen. 1, 2, 116; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; cf.:

    sequere hac me intus ad Glycerium nunc,

    Ter. And. 5, 6, 14:

    sequere me ergo hac intro,

    id. Ad. 4, 3, 18:

    i hac mecum intro,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 56; 62; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 35 sq.:

    quin igitur ad illa spatia nostra pergimus?... Nos vero: et hac quidem adire si placet, per ripam et umbram,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

    ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat. Hac nostris erat receptus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5; 2, 2, 3.—Hac-hac, for hac-illac ( poet.):

    namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai, Hac Phryges,

    Verg. A. 1, 467 sq.; Prop. 1, 3, 13; rarely in full form with the interrog. particle ne:

    utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus?

    Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (cf. Ladewig, Anal. Scaen. p. 22). —
    2.
    hīc (old form heic; and with the interrog. part. ne, hicine), adv. loci, in this place, here.
    I.
    In space.
    A.
    Lit.:

    hos quos videtis stare hic captivos duos, etc.... Senex qui hic habitat, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 1 sq.:

    ego jam dudum hic adsum,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 5:

    quem praestolare hic ante ostium?

    id. ib. 5, 6, 5:

    hic propter hunc adsiste,

    id. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

    hic tui omnes valent,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 3:

    non modo hic, ubi, etc... sed, ubicumque, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

    mons ibi arduus Nomine Parnasus... hic ubi Deucalion... parva rate vectus adhaesit,

    Ov. M. 1, 319:

    hic (sc. Carthagine) illius (Junonis) arma, Hic currus fuit,

    Verg. A. 1, 16 et saep.: Pa. Philocomasium hicine etiam nunc est? Pe Quom exibam, hic erat, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 25; cf.: Ch. Ubi ego sum? hicine an apud mortuos? Eut. Neque apud mortuos neque hic es, id. Merc. 3, 4, 17:

    hicine,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 21; 4, 2, 80; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 al.: Da. Cedo fenus, redde fenus, fenus reddite, etc.... Tr. Fenus illic, fenus hic, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 76:

    facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

    Ter. And. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

    hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,

    Verg. G. 1, 54:

    hic, illic, ubi mors deprenderat, exhalantes,

    Ov. M. 7, 581 (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 519).—With gen.:

    hic proxume viciniae,

    in this neighborhood, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2:

    modo vidi virginem hic viciniae miseram,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 45.—With ne: hicine libertatem aiunt aequam esse omnibus? is it here that, etc., Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 (cf. hic, I. B. fin.).—
    B.
    Transf., in this affair, on this occasion, in this particular, herein, here:

    hic, quantum in bello fortuna possit, cognosci potuit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 2; Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 49:

    hic tu tabulas desideras Heracliensium publicas,

    id. Arch. 4, 8; cf.:

    hic vos dubitabitis, judices,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 109:

    hic miramur, hunc hominem tantum excellere ceteris? etc.,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39:

    hic jam plura non dicam,

    id. ib. 9, 24; id. Planc. 41, 99; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66 (cf. II. fin. infra):

    hic, ubi opus est, non verentur: illic, ubi nihil opus est, ibi verentur,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

    ut cum hic tibi satisfecerimus, istic quoque nostram in te benevolentiam navare possimus,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3.—Referring to the noun whose position in the sentence is the most remote (cf. I. D. 2.):

    alterius ducis causa melior videbatur, alterius erat firmior: hic omnia speciosa, illic valentia,

    Vell. 2, 49, 3.—
    II.
    Of time, i. q. nunc or tum, now, here; then, hereupon, at this time, at this juncture:

    hic reddes omnia,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 15:

    hic ego quid praedicem?

    Cic. Sest. 5, 12; id. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

    hic cum uterque me intueretur,

    id. Fin. 2, 1, 1; so,

    hic cum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 20, 60; Nep. Milt. 3, 3:

    hic tum Fabricius frequentes eos ad me domum adduxit,

    Cic. Clu. 17, 49; so, hic tum, id. ib 20, 56; 27, 73; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26 §

    66 al.: hic regina gravem poposcit pateram,

    Verg. A. 1, 728.—So very freq. to introduce the beginning of a speech: hic Laelius (inquit); hic Philus;

    hic Scipio, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 23; 24 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; 3, 8, 3; 5, 15, 4; id. Ac. 2, 4, 10; id. de Or. 2, 50, 202; Verg. A. 9, 246 et saep.—
    3.
    huc (access. form hoc), v. huc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Hoc est

  • 14 hoce

    hīc, haec, hoc ( gen. hujus, monosyl., Plaut. Am. prol. 51; 96; 1, 1, 115; dat. huic, Sidon. Carm. 7, 145; Avien. Descr. Orb. 22; dat. sing. fem. hae rei, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; acc. HONC for hunc, C. I. L. 1, 32; nom. plur. hic, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 4, 230 = Ann. v. 414 Vahl.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 73 Mull.; fem. haec, v. infra, B. init.; dat. and abl. hibus, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 78 Mull.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 203 sqq.), pron. demonstr. [from the pronom. root i (whence also comes is), with the demonstr. suffix ce ] points to something near or present, or which is conceived of as present, this.
    (α).
    With subst.:

    hic homo sanus non est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 246:

    rapidus fluvius est hic, non hac temere transiri potest... apud hunc fluvium, etc.,

    id. Bacch. 1, 1, 53:

    quid praeclarum putet in rebus humanis, qui haec deorum regna perspexerit? etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

    genus hoc,

    id. ib. 1, 25:

    hoc avunculo, atque in hac tam clara re publica natus,

    id. ib. 1, 19; cf.:

    quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt, et qui sunt procul ab aetatis hujus memoria,

    id. ib. 1, 1:

    his libris,

    id. ib. 1, 7:

    hae feriae,

    id. ib. 1, 9; 1, 20; cf.:

    hoc otio,

    id. ib. 9 fin.:

    haec caelestia vel studiosissime solet quaerere,

    id. ib. 1, 10:

    ad haec cituma,

    id. ib. 1, 21:

    hic vir,

    Liv. 7, 39, 12.—
    (β).
    Absol. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 520):

    hic insidiantes vigilant, Enn. l. l.: hi domum me ad se auferent,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94: non mihi videtur, quod hi venerunt, alius nobis sermo esse quaerendus, sed agendum accuratius, et dicendum dignum aliquid horum auribus, Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

    feceris (ut etiam pro his dicam) nobis gratum omnibus,

    id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

    hoc ubi Amphitruo erus conspicatus est, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 87:

    docere hoc poterat ille homines paene agrestes, et apud imperitos audebat haec dicere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 15:

    dixerat hoc ille, cum, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 12:

    haec Scipio cum dixisset,

    id. ib. 1, 11:

    haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 7.—
    B.
    More emphatic, in the original full form, hīce, haece, hōce (not, as formerly written, hicce, haecce, hocce; in gen. sing. HVIVSQVE; in nom. plur. hisce, like ieis = ei, and ques = qui, see below; and apocopated in nom. plur. fem. haec for haece, and in gen. plur. horunc, harunc, for horunce, harunce);

    and, with the interrogative particle, hicine, haecine, hocine (mostly ante - class.): hoce haud dubium est quin, etc.,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 17:

    eum hinc profugiens vendidit in Alide Patri hujusce,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 10; so,

    hujusce,

    id. Poen. prol. 120; 5, 4, 76; 87; cf.:

    atque hujusce rei judicium jam continuo video futurum,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

    hisce homines ubi habitent,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 36; v. Ritschl ad h. l.; so,

    hisce,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 125; id. Capt. prol. 35 Fleck.; id. Rud. 2, 1, 5 ib., and perh. also id. Mil. 4, 8, 24 (Ritschl, hice): hice, Att. ap. Non. 15, 29 (Trag. Rel. v. 122 Rib.); Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:

    haec aedes,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 53; 3, 1, 117; so,

    haec sunt atque aliae multae in magnis dotibus Incommoditates,

    id. Aul. 3, 5, 58:

    haec (puellae),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 34:

    haec sententiae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 22; 3, 34, 84; Lucr. 3, 601; Verg. G. 3, 305; cf. Bentl. Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 24:

    aliut posticum harunce aedium,

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 41; cf.:

    harunc aedium,

    id. Most. 2, 1, 57:

    sine opera tua nihil di horunc facere possunt,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 53:

    horunc,

    id. Poen. 3, 1, 48; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 97; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33:

    cedo signum, si harunc Baccharum es,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 25:

    harunc aedium,

    id. Merc. 5, 1, 3:

    hisce ego Placidum ted hodie reddam,

    id. Curc. 5, 3, 48; cf.:

    quid dicam hisce, incertus sum,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 36:

    tu ab hisce rebus animum avoca,

    Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5; so,

    hisce,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 7, 13; id. Most. 1, 3, 81; 1, 4, 23; 2, 2, 71; 4, 2, 35 et saep.: Thr. Tu hosce instrue. Gn Illuc est sapere! ut hosce instruxit, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11; so,

    hosce,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 71; id. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; 4, 5, 4; id. Ad. 5, 7, 5; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 4:

    apud hasce aedes,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 194; so,

    hasce,

    id. As. 2, 3, 1; id. Aul. 2, 4, 2; 2, 8, 15; id. Capt. 4, 2, 51; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 17 et saep.—

    With the interrog. particle: hicin' Achilles est?

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 61; so,

    hicinest?

    id. Pers. 5, 2, 49; cf.:

    hicine vir patriae natus usquam nisi in patria morietur?

    Cic. Mil. 38, 104 et saep.:

    haecine,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 206; id. Ep. 4, 2, 5; 5, 1, 15; id. Pers. 4, 3, 75; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 5; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 24:

    huncine hominem,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68; cf.:

    huncine hominem! hancine impudentiam! judices, hanc audaciam!

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 62:

    hocine hic pacto potest Inhibere imperium magister?

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 43:

    o Juppiter, hoscine mores!

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 40:

    hacine victoria sola aut hac praeda contenti estis futuri,

    Liv. 10, 17, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 3;

    so in the shorter form, hicne,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 141:

    ex hocne equo,

    id. Fat. 3, 5:

    cum hocne,

    id. Att. 9, 7, 3:

    ex hacne natura,

    id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62: haece locutus, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.) al.—So, Fortuna hujusce diei, as a particular deity, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 54;

    in inscrr. also written HVIVSQVE DIEI,

    Inscr. Orell. 5; cf.:

    HVIVSQ. LOCI,

    id. ib. 1580; 2300;

    and HOIVSQVE AEDIS ERGO,

    id. ib. 2488.—
    C.
    With other pronouns:

    hos eosdem motus perturbationes dixerimus,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 4, 7; cf.:

    cum idem hoc visum diceretur,

    id. Rep. 1, 14:

    hoc idem fit in reliquis civitatibus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 15, 2; id. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 17:

    haec eadem centurionibus tribunisque militum mandabant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17 fin.:

    haec eadem genera,

    Quint. 6, 3, 54:

    hoc ipsum civile jus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

    sed hoc ipsum ex superiore pendet quaestione,

    Quint. 2, 1, 8; 8, 3, 45:

    ad hunc eum ipsum,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2 Goer. N. cr.; cf.:

    idem hoc ipsum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 9, 26:

    huic illi legato,

    id. Fl. 22, 52:

    hunc illum fatis Portendi generum,

    Verg. A. 7, 255; cf.:

    hic est enim ille vultus semper idem, quem, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

    hic est ille status quantitatis,

    Quint. 7, 4, 15: haec est illa, quae deinôsis vocatur, id. 6, 2, 24:

    hujus istius facti stultitia,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 24:

    ista haec epigrammata,

    Sid. Ep. 2, 10: hunc talem virum, Cic. fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

    callidum quendam hunc,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218.—
    D.
    Opp. to ille, iste, less freq. to hic, alter, alius, etc., this, the latter, to indicate the nearer object (which is to be determined not so much by the phraseology as by the thought; so that hic may refer to that noun whose position in the sentence is the more remote, but which is the most closely connected with the speaker, and of the most importance to him, in which case it is to be rendered by that, the former, etc.):

    ejusdem esse, qui in illa re peccarit, hoc quoque admisisse,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 16, 50:

    in his undis et tempestatibus ad summam senectutem maluit jactari, quam in illa tranquillitate atque otio jucundissime vivere,

    id. Rep. 1, 1:

    si deerunt haec remedia, ad illa declinandum est,

    Quint. 7, 2, 30:

    cum hic testamento, ille proximitate nitatur,

    id. 3, 6, 95:

    in his judicem sibi, in illis alii credere,

    id. 5, 7, 33:

    haec pars perorationis accusatori patronoque ex aequo communis est. Affectibus quoque iisdem fere utuntur: sed varius hic, ille saepius ac magis,

    id. 6, 1, 8; cf. id. 6, 2, 12; 17:

    cum tu ista caelestia de Scipione quaesieris, ego autem haec, quae videntur ante oculos, esse magis putem quaerenda,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 19; id. Fam. 2, 11, 1:

    iisdem enim hic sapiens, de quo loquor, oculis, quibus iste vester, caelum, terram, mare intuebitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

    si hoc loco scripsisset, isto verbo usus non esset, non isto loco verbum istud collocasset,

    id. Inv. 2, 41, 121:

    has igitur tot sententias ut omittamus, haec nunc videamus, quae diu multumque defensa sunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 42, 130:

    Caesar facile diceret: Hic versus Plauti non est, hic est,

    this... that, id. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

    ego hoc dico. adversarius hoc,

    Quint. 4, 4, 8:

    vendidit hic auro patriam... Hic thalamum invasit natae,

    Verg. A. 6, 621 sq.:

    hi molium objectus, hi proximas scaphas scandere,

    Tac. A. 14, 8:

    quid responsuri sint adversarii his et his... cum sciret haec et haec,

    Quint. 6, 1, 3 sq.:

    interim quaeritur: hoc an hoc? furtum an sacrilegium?

    id. 7, 3, 9:

    alter (Roscius) plurimarum palmarum vetus ac nobilis gladiator habetur, hic autem nuper se ad eum lanistam contulit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

    occupat hic collem, cymba sedet alter adunca,

    Ov. M. 1, 293.—
    2.
    Referring to that which in the speaker's mind is the nearer object, although by the position of the words it is the more remote: quam ob rem cave Catoni anteponas ne istum quidem ipsum, quem Apollo sapientissimum judicavit (i. e. Socratem): Hujus enim (i. e. Catonis, of the former) facta, illius (i. e. Socratis) dicta laudantur, Cic. Lael. 2, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 2, 7:

    hanc posteriorem (artem) et Stoici et Peripatetici, priorem autem illi (i. e. Peripatetici) egregie tradiderunt, hi (i. e. Stoici) ne attigerunt quidem,

    id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

    hoc Cicero atque Asinius certatim sunt usi: pro Scauro hic, ille pro filio,

    Quint. 6, 1, 21; 3, 10, 1:

    melior tutiorque est certa pax quam sperata victoria: haec in tua, illa in deorum manu est,

    the former... the latter, Liv. 30, 30, 19:

    quocumque aspicio, nihil est, nisi pontus et aer: Fluctibus hic tumidus, nubibus ille minax,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 24; id. M. 1, 697.—
    E.
    In the neutr. sing. subst., with gen.:

    quid hoc hominist?

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf. Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 8:

    quid hoc morbi est?

    id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

    quid hoc est negoti?

    id. Ad. 4, 5, 71; cf. id. Eun. 3, 4, 6:

    hoc fructi pro labore ab his fero,

    id. Ad. 5, 4, 16:

    edormiscam hoc villi,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 11:

    hoc commodi est, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

    hoc copiarum in Hispanias portatum est,

    Liv. 42, 18, 7:

    hoc servitutis injunxisse, ut, etc.,

    id. 5, 2, 8:

    hoc intervalli datum res tranquillas in urbe fecit,

    id. 3, 25, 4:

    hoc consilii,

    id. 5, 39, 6:

    hoc solacii,

    id. 30, 13, 13:

    hoc noctis,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 2; 11; 136.—
    F.
    Hoc with verbs impers., pleonast. as a subject (ante-class.):

    eamus, Amphitruo: lucescit hoc jam,

    there is daybreak, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 45: luciscit hoc jam, [p. 853] Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 1:

    lucet hoc,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 63; cf. id. Curc. 1, 3, 26.—
    G.
    Pregn. (qs. pointing to something with the finger), this, this... here (ante-class. and poet.); most freq. of the speaker himself, like the Gr. hode, for ego:

    hic homost omnium hominum praecipuos,

    Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 1:

    hic si quid nobis forte adversi evenerit, tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 115; so,

    huic homini, i. q. mihi,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 38:

    hic homo, i. q. ego,

    id. Curc. 2, 1, 33:

    hunc hominem, i. q. me,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 47; cf.:

    vin' tu huic seni auscultare?

    Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 8; id. And. 2, 1, 10; Tib. 2, 6, 7:

    haec res,

    my property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 106:

    hunc in collum,

    my neck, id. Pers. 4, 6, 9 Brix (Ritschl, huc): ni haec praesensisset canes, this dog, = ego, id. Trin. 1, 2, 135 Brix ad loc.—In neutr. absol.: tu quod te posterius purges hanc injuriam mihi nolle Factam esse, hujus non faciam, not so much, i. e. not the least, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 9.—
    H.
    With reference to time, of this time, now present, actual, this:

    cena hac annona est sine sacris hereditas,

    in the present scarcity, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 83:

    sed nondum haec, quae nunc tenet saeculum, neglegentia deum venerat,

    Liv. 3, 20:

    his temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 77, 1:

    M. Cato, hujus nostri Catonis pater,

    id. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.:

    si potius ad antiquorum diligentiam, quam ad horum luxuriam dirigas aedificationem,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 6 sq.:

    etenim qui haec vituperare volunt, Chrysogonum tantum posse queruntur,

    the present times, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:

    ne horum quidem magnificentia operum,

    Liv. 1, 55 fin.;

    very rarely of time just ended: ante hos annos quadraginta,

    Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 143:

    ante hos sex menses,

    Phaedr. 1, 1, 10:

    ante hoc triduum,

    Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 5 init.; Aug. Serm. 270, 3.
    II.
    Very freq. referring to a thought that follows, and which may be expressed by a relative sentence, or by a sentence denoting the object, cause, or effect; with qui, quae, quod, an acc. and inf., quod, ut, ne, etc. (more clearly indicative than the determinative, is, ea, id; though freq. confounded with it in MSS. and editt.).
    (α).
    With relat. clause:

    Qui hodie fuerim liber, eum nunc potivit pater Servitutis: hic, qui verna natust, conqueritur,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 24; cf.:

    eos, qui, etc.... his, qui, etc.... longe duco esse anteponendos,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

    neque his contentus sum, quae de ista consultatione scripta nobis summi ex Graecia homines reliquerunt, neque ea, quae mihi videntur, anteferre illis audeo,

    id. ib. 1, 22:

    non est tibi his solis utendum existimationibus ac judiciis, qui nunc sunt, hominum, sed iis etiam, qui futuri sunt,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

    quis hic est homo, quem ante aedis video hoc noctis?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:

    unde in laboribus et periculis fortitudo? nempe ab his, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17:

    haec quae sunt in hoc genere,

    id. ib. 1, 11:

    mundus hic totus, quod domicilium di nobis dederunt,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    hoc autem sphaerae genus, in quo, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 14;

    1, 16: in his libris, quos legistis,

    id. Leg. 1, 9, 27; cf. id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

    quam quisque norit artem, in hac se exerceat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 18, 41 et saep.:

    lepide ipsi hi sunt capti, suis qui filiis fecere insidias,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 90; cf. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 3; id. N. D. 1, 40, 113:

    servi, qui, cum culpa carint, tamen malum Metuont, hi solent esse eris utibiles,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 2 sq.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 19:

    de Bruti amore etsi mihi nihil novi adfers: tamen hoc audio libentius, quo saepius,

    id. Att. 13, 36 fin.; cf.:

    is porro, quo generosior celsiorque est, hoc majoribus velut organis commovetur,

    Quint. 1, 2, 30:

    hoc primum videamus, quidnam sit, de altero sole quod nuntiatum est in senatu, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 10; 1, 24:

    mire tractat hoc Cicero pro Milone quae facturus fuerit Clodius, si praeturam invasisset,

    Quint. 9, 2, 41.—
    (β).
    With acc. and inf.:

    erat tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

    sed hoc vir excellenti providentia sensit ac vidit, non esse opportunissimos situs maritimos urbibus iis, quae, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 3:

    hoc tantum admiror, Flavum, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 4, 40; 11, 1, 22:

    unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1: hoc simul accipe dictum: Quorum..., Eorundem libertati me parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204 Vahl.); cf.

    with appositive clause: sic hoc proloquar: Principio, ut illo advenimus, Continuo Amphitruo delegit viros, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 48:

    ut hoc: Non debes alienam uxorem optare,

    Quint. 7, 1, 25; cf. id. 9, 4, 97; 9, 2, 32.—
    (γ).
    With quod or quia:

    maxime hoc mihi mirum videri solet, quod, qui tranquillo mari gubernare se negent posse, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 6:

    quaesierat ex me Scipio, quidnam sentirem de hoc, quod duo soles visos esse constaret,

    id. ib. 1, 13; Quint. 9, 1, 1:

    propter hoc ipsum ostendenda non sunt, quod apparent,

    id. 12, 9, 6:

    nostri primo integris viribus fortiter repugnare... sed hoc superari, quod diuturnitate pugnae, etc.,

    in this that, herein that, Caes. B. G. 3, 4, 3; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 30:

    hoc ipso fidem detrahimus illis, quod sint tam gravia,

    id. 9, 2, 53:

    hoc ipso, quod,

    id. 4, 1, 54; 5, 11, 41; 6, 2, 16 et saep.: consilio vestro utar libenter, et hoc libentius, quod, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, C, 1; cf.:

    id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 3:

    hoc esse miseriorem gravioremque fortunam Sequanorum quam reliquorum, quod soli, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 32, 4; Quint. 5, 7, 22:

    hoc magis, quod (al. quia) illic ut litigatores loquimur frequentius,

    id. 6, 2, 36:

    hoc sese excruciat animi, Quia leno ademit cistulam ei,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 57:

    quod hoc etiam mirabilius debet videri, quia, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12; cf.:

    hoc sunt exempla potentiora, quia, etc.,

    Quint. 10, 1, 15.—
    (δ).
    With ut or ne:

    nunc hoc me orare a vobis jussit Juppiter, ut conquistores, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 64; cf.:

    hoc quoque etiam mihi in mandatis dedit, Ut conquistores, etc.,

    id. ib. 81:

    atque hoc evenit In labore atque in dolore, ut mors obrepat interim,

    id. Ps. 2, 3, 19:

    nec enim hoc suscepi, ut, etc.... neque hoc polliceor me facturum, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 24:

    neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut... sed ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 4;

    for which: homines sunt hac lege generati, qui tuerentur, etc.,

    id. ib. 6, 15:

    quare hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut aetas nostra, etc.,

    id. Fam. 2, 1 fin.; id. Off. 3, 5, 22; id. Rep. 1, 12:

    plurimum in hoc laboris exhausimus, ut ostenderemus, etc.,

    Quint. 8 praef. § 6; cf.:

    habenda fides est vel in hoc, ut, etc.,

    id. 11, 2, 51; so,

    in hoc, ut,

    id. 6, 3, 15; 10, 3, 29: hoc erit tibi argumentum semper in promptu situm: Ne quid exspectes amicos, quod tute agere possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin. (Sat. v. 37 Vahl.); so,

    in hoc scilicet, ne suspectus his foret,

    Vell. 2, 41 fin. —
    B.
    Hoc est serves to annex a more particular explanation of what has been said, that is, that is to say, namely:

    in hac causa dicam de eo prius, quod apud vos plurimum debet valere, hoc est, de voluntate eorum, quibus injuriae factae sunt,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:

    quadriennium, hoc est, ex quo tempore fundus veniit,

    id. Caecin. 7, 19; 34, 100:

    cum honos agebatur amplissimus familiae vestrae, hoc est, consulatus parentis tui,

    id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Fam. 5, 12, 8:

    primum quaero, qua ratione Naevius susceptum negotium non transegerit, hoc est, cur bona non vendiderit,

    id. Quint. 24, 76 et saep.—Sarcastically:

    ut haberet (Clodius) ad praeturam gerendam, hoc est, ad evertendam rem publicam plenum annum,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

    at quam crebro usurpat Et consul et Antonius! Hoc est dicere: Et consul et homo impudicissimus, Et consul et homo nequissimus,

    id. Phil. 2, 28, 70.—
    C.
    Hoc est or ĕrat, quod, with the accessory idea of indignation or reproach, is or was it for this that, etc.:

    hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignis Eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus... cernam?

    Verg. A. 2, 664; Petr. 93.—Hence,
    III.
    Advv.
    1.
    hāc, in this place, on this side, this way, here (class.): nunc Juppiter hac stat, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 263 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 12, 565: Ar. Hac quidem non venit. Le. Angiporto Illac per hortum circuit clam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 151:

    nunc hac An illac eam, incerta sum consili,

    id. Rud. 1, 3, 30:

    plenus rimarum sum: hac atque illac perfluo,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25; cf.:

    hac illac circumcursa,

    id. Heaut. 3, 2, 1; and: mox hac atque illa rapti, Tac. Agr. 28:

    sequere hac, reducam te ubi fuisti,

    this way, hither, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106; id. As. 4, 2, 1; id. Men. 4, 1, 4; id. Poen. 1, 2, 116; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; cf.:

    sequere hac me intus ad Glycerium nunc,

    Ter. And. 5, 6, 14:

    sequere me ergo hac intro,

    id. Ad. 4, 3, 18:

    i hac mecum intro,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 56; 62; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 35 sq.:

    quin igitur ad illa spatia nostra pergimus?... Nos vero: et hac quidem adire si placet, per ripam et umbram,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

    ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat. Hac nostris erat receptus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5; 2, 2, 3.—Hac-hac, for hac-illac ( poet.):

    namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai, Hac Phryges,

    Verg. A. 1, 467 sq.; Prop. 1, 3, 13; rarely in full form with the interrog. particle ne:

    utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus?

    Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (cf. Ladewig, Anal. Scaen. p. 22). —
    2.
    hīc (old form heic; and with the interrog. part. ne, hicine), adv. loci, in this place, here.
    I.
    In space.
    A.
    Lit.:

    hos quos videtis stare hic captivos duos, etc.... Senex qui hic habitat, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 1 sq.:

    ego jam dudum hic adsum,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 5:

    quem praestolare hic ante ostium?

    id. ib. 5, 6, 5:

    hic propter hunc adsiste,

    id. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

    hic tui omnes valent,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 3:

    non modo hic, ubi, etc... sed, ubicumque, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

    mons ibi arduus Nomine Parnasus... hic ubi Deucalion... parva rate vectus adhaesit,

    Ov. M. 1, 319:

    hic (sc. Carthagine) illius (Junonis) arma, Hic currus fuit,

    Verg. A. 1, 16 et saep.: Pa. Philocomasium hicine etiam nunc est? Pe Quom exibam, hic erat, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 25; cf.: Ch. Ubi ego sum? hicine an apud mortuos? Eut. Neque apud mortuos neque hic es, id. Merc. 3, 4, 17:

    hicine,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 21; 4, 2, 80; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 al.: Da. Cedo fenus, redde fenus, fenus reddite, etc.... Tr. Fenus illic, fenus hic, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 76:

    facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

    Ter. And. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

    hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,

    Verg. G. 1, 54:

    hic, illic, ubi mors deprenderat, exhalantes,

    Ov. M. 7, 581 (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 519).—With gen.:

    hic proxume viciniae,

    in this neighborhood, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2:

    modo vidi virginem hic viciniae miseram,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 45.—With ne: hicine libertatem aiunt aequam esse omnibus? is it here that, etc., Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 (cf. hic, I. B. fin.).—
    B.
    Transf., in this affair, on this occasion, in this particular, herein, here:

    hic, quantum in bello fortuna possit, cognosci potuit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 2; Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 49:

    hic tu tabulas desideras Heracliensium publicas,

    id. Arch. 4, 8; cf.:

    hic vos dubitabitis, judices,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 109:

    hic miramur, hunc hominem tantum excellere ceteris? etc.,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39:

    hic jam plura non dicam,

    id. ib. 9, 24; id. Planc. 41, 99; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66 (cf. II. fin. infra):

    hic, ubi opus est, non verentur: illic, ubi nihil opus est, ibi verentur,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

    ut cum hic tibi satisfecerimus, istic quoque nostram in te benevolentiam navare possimus,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3.—Referring to the noun whose position in the sentence is the most remote (cf. I. D. 2.):

    alterius ducis causa melior videbatur, alterius erat firmior: hic omnia speciosa, illic valentia,

    Vell. 2, 49, 3.—
    II.
    Of time, i. q. nunc or tum, now, here; then, hereupon, at this time, at this juncture:

    hic reddes omnia,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 15:

    hic ego quid praedicem?

    Cic. Sest. 5, 12; id. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

    hic cum uterque me intueretur,

    id. Fin. 2, 1, 1; so,

    hic cum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 20, 60; Nep. Milt. 3, 3:

    hic tum Fabricius frequentes eos ad me domum adduxit,

    Cic. Clu. 17, 49; so, hic tum, id. ib 20, 56; 27, 73; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26 §

    66 al.: hic regina gravem poposcit pateram,

    Verg. A. 1, 728.—So very freq. to introduce the beginning of a speech: hic Laelius (inquit); hic Philus;

    hic Scipio, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 23; 24 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; 3, 8, 3; 5, 15, 4; id. Ac. 2, 4, 10; id. de Or. 2, 50, 202; Verg. A. 9, 246 et saep.—
    3.
    huc (access. form hoc), v. huc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > hoce

  • 15 λόγος

    λόγος, ὁ, verbal noun of λέγω (B), with senses corresponding to λέγω (B) II and III (on the various senses of the word v. Theo Sm.pp.72,73 H., An.Ox.4.327): common in all periods in Prose and Verse, exc. Epic, in which it is found in signf. derived from λέγω (B) 111, cf.infr. VI. 1 a:
    I computation, reckoning (cf. λέγω (B) II).
    1 account of money handled,

    σανίδες εἰς ἃς τὸν λ. ἀναγράφομεν IG12.374.191

    ; ἐδίδοσαν τὸν λ. ib.232.2;

    λ. δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων Hdt.3.142

    , cf. 143;

    οὔτε χρήματα διαχειρίσας τῆς πόλεως δίδωμι λ. αὐτῶν οὔτε ἀρχὴν ἄρξας οὐδεμίαν εὐθύνας ὑπέχω νῦν αὐτῆς Lys.24.26

    ;

    λ. ἀπενεγκεῖν Arist.Ath.54.1

    ;

    ἐν ταῖς εὐθύναις τοῦ τοιούτου λ. ὑπεχέτω Pl.Lg. 774b

    ;

    τὸν τῶν χρημάτων λ. παρὰ τούτων λαμβάνειν D.8.47

    ;

    ἀδικήματα εἰς ἀργυρίου λ. ἀνήκοντα Din.1.60

    ; συνᾶραι λόγον μετά τινος settle accounts with, Ev.Matt.18.23, etc.; δεύτεροι λ. a second audit, Cod.Just.1.4.26.1; ὁ τραπεζιτικὸς λ. banking account, Theo Sm.p.73 H.: metaph.,

    οὐκ ἂν πριαίμην οὐδενὸς λ. βροτόν S.Aj. 477

    .
    b public accounts, i. e. branch of treasury, ἴδιος λ., in Egypt, OGI188.2, 189.3, 669.38; also as title of treasurer, ib.408.4, Str.17.1.12;

    ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν λ. IPE2.29

     A ([place name] Panticapaeum); δημόσιος λ., = Lat. fiscus, OGI669.21 (Egypt, i A.D.), etc. (but later, = aerarium, Cod.Just.1.5.15); also

    Καίσαρος λ. OGI669.30

    ; κυριακὸς λ. ib.18.
    2 generally, account, reckoning, μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λ. excels the whole account, i.e. is best of all, S.OC 1225 (lyr.); δόντας λ. τῶν ἐποίησαν accounting for, i.e. paying the penalty for their doings, Hdt.8.100;

    λ. αἰτεῖν Pl.Plt. 285e

    ;

    λ. δοῦναι καὶ δέξασθαι Id.Prt. 336c

    , al.;

    λαμβάνειν λ. καὶ ἐλέγχειν Id.Men. 75d

    ;

    παρασχεῖν τῶν εἰρημένων λ. Id.R. 344d

    ;

    λ. ἀπαιτεῖν D.30.15

    , cf. Arist. EN 1104a3; λ. ὑπέχειν, δοῦναι, D.19.95;

    λ. ἐγγράψαι Id.24.199

    , al.;

    λ. ἀποφέρειν τῇ πόλει Aeschin.3.22

    , cf. Eu. Luc.16.2, Ep.Hebr.13.17;

    τὸ παράδοξον τῶν συμβεβηκότων ὑπὸ λόγον ἄγειν Plb.15.34.2

    ; λ. ἡ ἐπιστήμη, πολλὰ δὲ ὁ λ. the account is manifold, Plot.6.9.4; ἔχων λόγον τοῦ διὰ τί an account of the cause, Arist.APo. 74b27; ἐς λ. τινός on account of,

    ἐς χρημάτων λ. Th.3.46

    , cf. Plb.5.89.6, LXX 2 Ma1.14, JRS 18.152 ([place name] Jerash); λόγῳ c. gen., by way of, Cod.Just.3.2.5. al.; κατὰ λόγον τοῦ μεγέθους if we take into account his size, Arist.HA 517b27;

    πρὸς ὃν ἡμῖν ὁ λ. Ep.Hebr.4.13

    , cf. D.Chr.31.123.
    3 measure, tale (cf. infr. 11.1),

    θάλασσα.. μετρέεται ἐς τὸν αὐτὸν λ. ὁκοῖος πρόσθεν Heraclit.31

    ;

    ψυχῆς ἐστι λ. ἑαυτὸν αὔξων Id.115

    ; ἐς τούτου (sc. γήραος) λ. οὐ πολλοί τινες ἀπικνέονται to the point of old age, Hdt.3.99, cf.7.9.β; ὁ ξύμπας λ. the full tale, Th.7.56, cf. Ep.Phil.4.15; κοινῷ λ. νομίσαντα common measure, Pl.Lg. 746e; sum, total of expenditure, IG42(1).103.151 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὁ τῆς οὐσίας λ., = Lat. patrimonii modus, Cod.Just.1.5.12.20.
    4 esteem, consideration, value put on a person or thing (cf. infr. VI. 2 d), οὗ πλείων λ. ἢ τῶν ἄλλων who is of more worth than all the rest, Heraclit.39; βροτῶν λ. οὐκ ἔσχεν οὐδέν' A.Pr. 233;

    οὐ σμικροῦ λ. S.OC 1163

    : freq. in Hdt.,

    Μαρδονίου λ. οὐδεὶς γίνεται 8.102

    ;

    τῶν ἦν ἐλάχιστος ἀπολλυμένων λ. 4.135

    , cf. E.Fr.94;

    περὶ ἐμοῦ οὐδεὶς λ. Ar.Ra.87

    ; λόγου οὐδενὸς γίνεσθαι πρός τινος to be of no account, repute with.., Hdt.1.120, cf.4.138; λόγου ποιήσασθαί τινα make one of account, Id.1.33; ἐλαχίστου, πλείστου λ. εἶναι, to be highly, lowly esteemed, Id.1.143, 3.146; but also λόγον τινὸς ποιεῖσθαι, like Lat. rationem habere alicujus, make account of, set a value on, Democr.187, etc.: usu. in neg. statements,

    οὐδένα λ. ποιήσασθαί τινος Hdt.1.4

    , cf. 13, Plb.21.14.9, etc.;

    λ. ἔχειν Hdt.1.62

    , 115;

    λ. ἴσχειν περί τινος Pl.Ti. 87c

    ;

    λ. ἔχειν περὶ τοὺς ποιητάς Lycurg.107

    ;

    λ. ἔχειν τινός D.18.199

    , Arist.EN 1102b32, Plu.Phil.18 (but also, have the reputation of.., v. infr. VI. 2 e);

    ἐν οὐδενὶ λ. ποιήσασθαί τι Hdt.3.50

    ; ἐν οὐδενὶ λ. ἀπώλοντο without regard, Id.9.70;

    ἐν σμικρῷ λ. εἶναι Pl.R. 550a

    ; ὑμεῖς οὔτ' ἐν λ. οὔτ' ἐν ἀριθμῷ Orac. ap. Sch.Theoc.14.48; ἐν ἀνδρῶν λ. [εἶναι] to be reckoned, count as a man, Hdt.3.120; ἐν ἰδιώτεω λόγῳ καὶ ἀτίμου reckoned as.., Eus.Mynd.Fr. 59;

    σεμνὸς εἰς ἀρετῆς λ. καὶ δόξης D.19.142

    .
    II relation, correspondence, proportion,
    1 generally, ὑπερτερίης λ. relation (of gold to lead), Thgn.418 = 1164;

    πρὸς λόγον τοῦ σήματος A.Th. 519

    ; κατὰ λόγον προβαίνοντες τιμῶσι in inverse ratio, Hdt.1.134, cf. 7.36;

    κατὰ λ. τῆς ἀποφορῆς Id.2.109

    ; τἄλλα κατὰ λ. in like fashion, Hp.VM16, Prog.17: c. gen., κατὰ λ. τῶν πρόσθεν ib. 24;

    κατὰ λ. τῶν ἡμερῶν Ar. Nu. 619

    ;

    κατὰ λ. τῆς δυνάμεως X. Cyr.8.6.11

    ;

    ἐλάττω ἢ κατὰ λ. Arist. HA 508a2

    , cf. PA 671a18;

    ἐκ ταύτης ἐγένετο ἐκείνη κατὰ λ. Id.Pol. 1257a31

    ; cf. εὔλογος: sts. with ὁ αὐτός added, κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λ. τῷ τείχεϊ in fashion like to.., Hdt.1.186; περὶ τῶν νόσων ὁ αὐτὸς λ. analogously, Pl.Tht. 158d, cf. Prm. 136b, al.; εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν λ. similarly, Id.R. 353d; κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λ. in the same ratio, IG12.76.8; by parity of reasoning, Pl.Cra. 393c, R. 610a, al.; ἀνὰ λόγον τινός, τινί, Id.Ti. 29c, Alc.2.145d; τοῦτον ἔχει τὸν λ. πρὸς.. ὃν ἡ παιδεία πρὸς τὴν ἀρετήν is related to.. as.., Procl.in Euc.p.20 F., al.
    2 Math., ratio, proportion (ὁ κατ' ἀνάλογον λ., λ. τῆς ἀναλογίας, Theo Sm.p.73 H.), Pythag. 2;

    ἰσότης λόγων Arist.EN 113a31

    ;

    λ. ἐστὶ δύο μεγεθῶν ἡ κατὰ πηλικότητα ποιὰ σχέσις Euc.5

     Def.3;

    τῶν ἁρμονιῶν τοὺς λ. Arist.Metaph. 985b32

    , cf. 1092b14; λόγοι ἀριθμῶν numerical ratios, Aristox.Harm.p.32 M.; τοὺς φθόγγους ἀναγκαῖον ἐν ἀριθμοῦ λ. λέγεσθαι πρὸς ἀλλήλους to be expressed in numerical ratios, Euc.Sect.Can. Proëm.: in Metre, ratio between arsis and thesis, by which the rhythm is defined, Aristox.Harm.p.34 M.;

    ἐὰν ᾖ ἰσχυροτέρα τοῦ αἰσθητηρίου ἡ κίνησις, λύεται ὁ λ. Arist.de An. 424a31

    ; ἀνὰ λόγον analogically, Archyt.2; ἀνὰ λ. μερισθεῖσα [ἡ ψυχή] proportionally, Pl. Ti. 37a; so

    κατὰ λ. Men.319.6

    ; πρὸς λόγον in proportion, Plb.6.30.3, 9.15.3 (but πρὸς λόγον ἐπὶ στενὸν συνάγεται narrows uniformly, Sor. 1.9, cf. Diocl.Fr.171);

    ἐπὶ λόγον IG5(1).1428

     ([place name] Messene).
    3 Gramm., analogy, rule, τῷ λ. τῶν μετοχικῶν, τῆς συγκοπῆς, by the rule of the participles, of syncope, Choerob. in Theod.1.75 Gaisf., 1.377 H.;

    εἰπέ μοι τὸν λ. τοῦ Αἴας Αἴαντος, τουτέστι τὸν κανόνα An.Ox. 4.328

    .
    1 plea, pretext, ground, ἐκ τίνος λ.; A.Ch. 515;

    ἐξ οὐδενὸς λ. S.Ph. 731

    ;

    ἀπὸ παντὸς λ. Id.OC 762

    ;

    χὠ λ. καλὸς προσῆν Id.Ph. 352

    ;

    σὺν ἀφανεῖ λ. Id.OT 657

     (lyr., v.l. λόγων)

    ; ἐν ἀφανεῖ λ. Antipho 5.59

    ;

    ἐπὶ τοιούτῳ λ. Hdt.6.124

    ; κατὰ τίνα λ.; on what ground? Pl.R. 366b; οὐδὲ πρὸς ἕνα λ. to no purpose, Id.Prt. 343d; ἐπὶ τίνι λ.; for what reason? X.HG2.2.19; τὸν λ. τοῦτον this ground of complaint, Aeschin.3.228; τίνι δικαίῳ λ.; what just cause is there? Pl.Grg. 512c; τίνι λ.; on what account? Act.Ap.10.29; κατὰ λόγον ἂν ἠνεσχόμην ὑμῶν reason would that.., ib.18.14; λ. ἔχειν, with personal subject, εἶχον ἄν τινα λ. I (i.e. my conduct) would have admitted of an explanation, Pl.Ap. 31b; τὸν ὀρθὸν λ. the true explanation, ib. 34b.
    b plea, case, in Law or argument (cf. VIII. I), τὸν ἥττω λ. κρείττω ποιεῖν to make the weaker case prevail, ib. 18b, al., Arist.Rh. 1402a24, cf. Ar.Nu. 1042 (pl.); personified, ib. 886, al.;

    ἀμύνεις τῷ τῆς ἡδονῆς λ. Pl.Phlb. 38a

    ;

    ἀνοίσεις τοὺς λ. αὐτῶν πρὸς τὸν θεόν LXXEx.18.19

    ; ἐχειν λ. πρός τινα to have a case, ground of action against.., Act.Ap.19.38.
    2 statement of a theory, argument, οὐκ ἐμεῦ ἀλλὰ τοῦ λ. ἀκούσαντας prob. in Heraclit.50; λόγον ἠδὲ νόημα ἀμφὶς ἀληθείης discourse and reflection on reality, Parm.8.50; δηλοῖ οὗτος ὁ λ. ὅτι .. Democr.7; οὐκ ἔχει λόγον it is not arguable, i.e. reasonable, S.El. 466, Pl.Phd. 62d, etc.;

    ἔχει λ. D.44.32

    ;

    οὐδεὶς αὐτὰ καταβαλεῖ λ. E.Ba. 202

    ;

    δίκασον.. τὸν λ. ἀκούσας Pl.Lg. 696b

    ; personified, φησὶ οὗτος ὁ λ. ib. 714d, cf. Sph. 238b, Phlb. 50a; ὡς ὁ λ. (sc. λέγει) Arist.EN 1115b12; ὡς ὁ λ. ὁ ὀρθὸς λέγει ib. 1138b20, cf. 29;

    ὁ λ. θέλει προσβιβάζειν Phld.Rh.1.41

    , cf.1.19 S.;

    οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἀκούσειε λόγου ἀποτρέποντος Arist.EN 1179b27

    ;

    λ. καθαίρων Aristo Stoic.1.88

    ; λόγου τυγχάνειν to be explained, Phld.Mus.p.77 K.; ὁ τὸν λ. μου ἀκούων my teaching, Ev.Jo.5.24; ὁ προφητικὸς λ., collect., of VT prophecy, 2 Ep.Pet.1.19: pl.,

    ὁκόσων λόγους ἤκουσα Heraclit.108

    ;

    οὐκ ἐπίθετο τοῖς ἐμοῖς λ. Ar.Nu.73

    ; of arguments leading to a conclusion ([etym.] ὁ λ.), Pl. Cri. 46b;

    τὰ Ἀναξαγόρου βιβλία γέμει τούτων τῶν λ. Id.Ap. 26d

    ; λ. ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρχῶν, ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρχάς, Arist.EN 1095a31; συλλογισμός ἐστι λ. ἐν ᾧ τεθέντων τινῶν κτλ. Id.APr. 24b18; λ. ἀντίτυπός τε καὶ ἄπορος, of a self-contradictory theory, Plot.6.8.7.
    b ὁ περὶ θεῶν λ., title of a discourse by Protagoras, D.L.9.54; ὁ Ἀχιλλεὺς λ., name of an argument, ib.23;

    ὁ αὐξόμενος λ. Plu.2.559b

    ; καταβάλλοντες (sc. λόγοι), title of work by Protagoras, S.E.M.7.60;

    λ. σοφιστικοί Arist.SE 165a34

    , al.;

    οἱ μαθηματικοὶ λ. Id.Rh. 1417a19

    , etc.; οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λ., current outside the Lyceum, Id.Ph. 217b31, al.; Δισσοὶ λ., title of a philosophical treatise (= Dialex.); Λ. καὶ Λογίνα, name of play of Epicharmus, quibble, argument, personified, Ath.8.338d.
    c in Logic, proposition, whether as premiss or conclusion,

    πρότασίς ἐστι λ. καταφατικὸς ἢ ἀποφατικός τινος κατά τινος Arist.APr. 24a16

    .
    d rule, principle, law, as embodying the result of λογισμός, Pi.O.2.22, P.1.35, N.4.31;

    πείθεσθαι τῷ λ. ὃς ἄν μοι λογιζομένῳ βέλτιστος φαίνηται Pl.Cri. 46b

    , cf. c; ἡδονὰς τοῖς ὀρθοῖς λ. ἑπομένας obeying right principles, Id.Lg. 696c; προαιρέσεως [ἀρχὴ] ὄρεξις καὶ λ. ὁ ἕνεκά τινος principle directed to an end, Arist.EN 1139a32; of the final cause,

    ἀρχὴ ὁ λ. ἔν τε τοῖς κατὰ τέχνην καὶ ἐν τοῖς φύσει συνεστηκόσιν Id.PA 639b15

    ; ἀποδιδόασι τοὺς λ. καὶ τὰς αἰτίας οὗ ποιοῦσι ἑκάστου ib.18; [

    τέχνη] ἕξις μετὰ λ. ἀληθοῦς ποιητική Id.EN 1140a10

    ; ὀρθὸς λ. true principle, right rule, ib. 1144b27, 1147b3, al.; κατὰ λόγον by rule, consistently,

    ὁ κατὰ λ. ζῶν Pl.Lg. 689d

    , cf. Ti. 89d; τὸ κατὰ λ. ζῆν, opp. κατὰ πάθος, Arist.EN 1169a5; κατὰ λ. προχωρεῖν according to plan, Plb.1.20.3.
    3 law, rule of conduct,

    ᾧ μάλιστα διηνεκῶς ὁμιλοῦσι λόγῳ Heraclit.72

    ;

    πολλοὶ λόγον μὴ μαθόντες ζῶσι κατὰ λόγον Democr.53

    ; δεῖ ὑπάρχειν τὸν λ. τὸν καθόλου τοῖς ἄρχουσιν universal principle, Arist.Pol. 1286a17;

    ὁ νόμος.. λ. ὢν ἀπό τινος φρονήσεως καὶ νοῦ Id.EN 1180a21

    ; ὁ νόμος.. ἔμψυχος ὢν ἑαυτῷ λ. conscience, Plu. 2.780c; τὸν λ. πρόχειρον ἔχειν precept, Phld.Piet.30, cf. 102;

    ὁ προστακτικὸς τῶν ποιητέων ἢ μὴ λ. κοινός M.Ant.4.4

    .
    4 thesis, hypothesis, provisional ground, ὡς ἂν εἰ λέγοι λόγον maintain a thesis, Pl. Prt. 344b; ὑποθέμενος ἑκάστοτε λ. provisionally assuming a proposition, Id.Phd. 100a; τὸν τῆς ὁμοιότητος λ. hypothesis of equivalence, Arist.Cael. 296a20.
    5 reason, ground,

    πάντων γινομένων κατὰ τὸν λ. τόνδε Heraclit.1

    ;

    οὕτω βαθὺν λ. ἔχει Id.45

    ; ἐκ λόγου, opp. μάτην, Leucipp. 2;

    μέγιστον σημεῖον οὗτος ὁ λ. Meliss.8

    ; [ἐμπειρία] οὐκ ἔχει λ. οὐδένα ὧν προσφέρει has no grounds for.., Pl.Grg. 465a; μετὰ λόγου

    τε καὶ ἐπιστήμης θείας Id.Sph. 265c

    ; ἡ μετα λόγου ἀληθὴς δόξα ([etym.] ἐπιστήμη) Id.Tht. 201c; λόγον ζητοῦσιν ὧν οὐκ ἔστι λ. proof, Arist. Metaph. 1011a12;

    οἱ ἁπάντων ζητοῦντες λ. ἀναιροῦσι λ. Thphr.Metaph. 26

    .
    6 formula (wider than definition, but freq. equivalent thereto), term expressing reason,

    λ. τῆς πολιτείας Pl.R. 497c

    ; ψυχῆς οὐσία τε καὶ λ. essential definition, Id.Phdr. 245e;

    ὁ τοῦ δικαίου λ. Id.R. 343a

    ; τὸν λ. τῆς οὐσίας ib. 534b, cf. Phd. 78d;

    τὰς πολλὰς ἐπιστήμας ἑνὶ λ. προσειπεῖν Id.Tht. 148d

    ;

    ὁ τῆς οἰκοδομήσεως λ. ἔχει τὸν τῆς οἰκίας Arist. PA 646b3

    ;

    τεθείη ἂν ἴδιον ὄνομα καθ' ἕκαστον τῶν λ. Id.Metaph. 1006b5

    , cf. 1035b4;

    πᾶς ὁρισμὸς λ. τίς ἐστι Id.Top. 102a5

    ; ἐπὶ τῶν σχημάτων λ. κοινός generic definition, Id.de An. 414b23; ἀκριβέστατος λ. specific definition, Id.Pol. 1276b24;

    πηγῆς λ. ἔχον Ph.2.477

    ; τὸ ᾠὸν οὔτε ἀρχῆς ἔχει λ. fulfils the function of.., Plu.2.637d; λ. τῆς μίξεως formula, i. e. ratio (cf. supr. II) of combination, Arist.PA 642a22, cf. Metaph. 993a17.
    7 reason, law exhibited in the world-process, κατὰ λόγον by law,

    κόσμῳ πάντα καὶ κατὰ λ. ἔχοντα Pl.R. 500c

    ; κατ τὸν < αὐτὸν αὖ> λ. by the same law, Epich.170.18;

    ψυχῆς τὸ πᾶν τόδε διοικούσης κατὰ λ. Plot.2.3.13

    ; esp. in Stoic Philos., the divine order,

    τὸν τοῦ παντὸς λ. ὃν ἔνιοι εἱμαρμένην καλοῦσιν Zeno Stoic.1.24

    ; τὸ ποιοῦν τὸν ἐν [τῇ ὕλῃ] λ. τὸν θεόν ibid., cf. 42;

    ὁ τοῦ κόσμου λ. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.264

    ; λόγος, = φύσει νόμος, Stoic.2.169;

    κατὰ τὸν κοινὸν θεοῖς καὶ ἀνθρώποις λ. M.Ant.7.53

    ;

    ὁ ὀρθὸς λ. διὰ πάντων ἐρχόμενος Chrysipp.Stoic.3.4

    : so in Plot.,

    τὴν φύσιν εἶναι λόγον, ὃς ποιεῖ λ. ἄλλον γέννημα αὑτοῦ 3.8.2

    .
    b σπερματικὸς λ. generative principle in organisms,

    ὁ θεὸς σπ. λ. τοῦ κόσμου Zeno Stoic.1.28

    : usu. in pl., Stoic. 2.205,314,al.;

    γίνεται τὰ ἐν τῷ παντὶ οὐ κατὰ σπερματικούς, ἀλλὰ κατὰ λ. περιληπτικούς Plot.3.1.7

    , cf.4.4.39: so without

    σπερματικός, ὥσπερ τινὲς λ. τῶν μερῶν Cleanth.Stoic.1.111

    ;

    οἱ λ. τῶν ὅλων Ph.1.9

    .
    c in Neo-Platonic Philos., of regulative and formative forces, derived from the intelligible and operative in the sensible universe,

    ὄντων μειζόνων λ. καὶ θεωρούντων αὑτοὺς ἐγὼ γεγέννημαι Plot.3.8.4

    ;

    οἱ ἐν σπέρματι λ. πλάττουσι.. τὰ ζῷα οἷον μικρούς τινας κόσμους Id.4.3.10

    , cf.3.2.16,3.5.7; opp. ὅρος, Id.6.7.4;

    ἀφανεῖς λ. τῆς φύσεως Procl.

    in R.1.18 K.; τεχνικοὶ λ. ib.142 K., al.
    IV inward debate of the soul (cf.

    λ. ὃν αὐτὴ πρὸς αὑτὴν ἡ ψυχὴ διεξέρχεται Pl.Tht. 189e

     ( διάλογος in Sph. 263e); ὁ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ, ὁ ἔσω λ. (opp. ὁ ἔξω λ.), Arist.APo. 76b25, 27; ὁ ἐνδιάθετος, opp. ὁ προφορικὸς λ., Stoic.2.43, Ph.2.154),
    1 thinking, reasoning, τοῦ λ. ἐόντος ξυνοῦ, opp. ἰδία φρόνησις, Heraclit. 2; κρῖναι δὲ λόγῳ.. ἔλεγχον test by reflection, Parm.1.36; reflection, deliberation (cf. VI.3),

    ἐδίδου λόγον ἑωυτῷ περὶ τῆς ὄψιος Hdt.1.209

    , cf. 34, S.OT 583, D.45.7; μὴ εἰδέναι.. μήτε λόγῳ μήτε ἔργῳ neither by reasoning nor by experience, Anaxag.7;

    ἃ δὴ λόγῳ μὲν καὶ διανοίᾳ ληπτά, ὄψει δ' οὔ Pl.R. 529d

    , cf. Prm. 135e;

    ὁ λ. ἢ ἡ αἴσθησις Arist.EN 1149a35

    ,al.; αὐτῷ μόνον τῷ λ. πιστεύειν (opp. αἰσθήσεις), of Parmenides and his school, Aristocl. ap. Eus.PE14.17: hence λόγῳ or τῷ λ. in idea, in thought,

    τῷ λ. τέμνειν Pl.R. 525e

    ; τῷ λ. δύο ἐστίν, ἀχώριστα πεφυκότα two in idea, though indistinguishable in fact, Arist. EN 1102a30, cf. GC 320b14, al.; λόγῳ θεωρητά mentally conceived, opp. sensibly perceived, Placit.1.3.5, cf. Demetr.Lac.Herc.1055.20;

    τοὺς λ. θεωρητοὺς χρόνους Epicur.Ep.1p.19U.

    ; διὰ λόγου θ. χ. ib.p.10 U.;

    λόγῳ καταληπτός Phld.Po.5.20

    , etc.; ὁ λ. οὕτω αἱρέει analogy proves, Hdt.2.33; ὁ λ. or λ. αἱρέει reasoning convinces, Id.3.45,6.124, cf. Pl.Cri. 48c (but, our argument shows, Lg. 663d): also c. acc. pers., χρᾶται ὅ τι μιν λ. αἱρέει as the whim took him, Hdt.1.132; ἢν μὴ ἡμέας λ. αἱρῇ unless we see fit, Id.4.127, cf. Pl.R. 607b; later ὁ αἱρῶν λ. ordaining reason, Zeno Stoic.1.50, M.Ant.2.5, cf. 4.24, Arr.Epict. 2.2.20, etc.: coupled or contrasted with other functions, καθ' ὕπνον ἐπειδὴ λόγου καὶ φρονήσεως οὐ μετεῖχε since reason and understanding are in abeyance, Pl.Ti. 71d; μετὰ λόγου τε καὶ ἐπιστήμης, opp. αἰτία αὐτομάτη, of Nature's processes of production, Id.Sph. 265c; τὸ μὲν δὴ νοήσει μετὰ λόγου περιληπτόν embraced by thought with reflection, opp. μετ' αἰσθήσεως ἀλόγου, Id.Ti. 28a; τὸ μὲν ἀεὶ μετ' ἀληθοῦς λ., opp. τὸ δὲ ἄλογον, ib. 51e, cf. 70d, al.;

    λ. ἔχων ἑπόμενον τῷ νοεῖν Id.Phlb. 62a

    ; ἐπιστήμη ἐνοῦσα καὶ ὀρθὸς λ. scientific knowledge and right process of thought, Id.Phd. 73a;

    πᾶς λ. καὶ πᾶσα ἐπιστήμη τῶν καθόλου Arist.Metaph. 1059b26

    ;

    τὸ λόγον ἔχον Id.EN 1102b15

    , 1138b9, al.: in sg. and pl., contrasted by Pl. and Arist. as theory, abstract reasoning with outward experience, sts. with depreciatory emphasis on the former,

    εἰς τοὺς λ. καταφυγόντα Pl.Phd. 99e

    ; τὸν ἐν λόγοις σκοπούμενον τὰ ὄντα, opp. τὸν ἐν ἔργοις (realities), ib. 100a;

    τῇ αἰσθήσει μᾶλλον τῶν λ. πιστευτέον Arist.GA 760b31

    ; γνωριμώτερα κατὰ τὸν λ., opp. κατὰ τὴν αἴσθησιν, Id.Ph. 189a4; ἐκ τῶν λ. δῆλον, opp. ἐκ τῆς ἐπαγωγῆς, Id.Mete. 378b20; ἡ τῶν λ. πίστις, opp. ἐκ τῶν ἔργων φανερόν, Id.Pol. 1326a29;

    ἡ πίστις οὐ μόνον ἐπὶ τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ λ. Id.Ph. 262a19

    ;

    μαρτυρεῖ τὰ γιγνόμενα τοῖς λ. Id.Pol. 1334a6

    ; ὁ μὲν λ. τοῦ καθόλου, ἡ δὲ αἴσθησις τοῦ κατὰ μέρος explanation, opp. perception, Id.Ph. 189a7; ἔσονται τοῖς λ. αἱ πράξεις ἀκόλουθοι theory, opp. practice, Epicur.Sent.25; in Logic, of discursive reasoning, opp. intuition, Arist.EN 1142a26, 1143b1; reasoning in general, ib. 1149a26; πᾶς λ. καὶ πᾶσα ἀπόδειξις all reasoning and demonstration, Id.Metaph. 1063b10;

    λ. καὶ φρόνησιν Phld.Mus.p.105

     K.; ὁ λ. ἢ λογισμός ibid.; τὸ ἰδεῖν οὐκέτι λ., ἀλλὰ μεῖζον λόγου καὶ πρὸ λόγου, of mystical vision, opp. reasoning, Plot.6.9.10.—Phrases, κατὰ λ. τὸν εἰκότα by probable reasoning, Pl.Ti. 30b;

    οὔκουν τόν γ' εἰκότα λ. ἂν ἔχοι Id.Lg. 647d

    ; παρὰ λόγον, opp. κατὰ λ., Arist.Rh.Al. 1429a29, cf. EN 1167b19; cf. παράλογος (but παρὰ λ. unexpectedly, E.Ba. 940).
    2 reason as a faculty, ὁ λ. ἀνθρώπους κυβερνᾷ [Epich.] 256; [

    θυμοειδὲς] τοῦ λ. κατήκοον Pl.Ti. 70a

    ; [

    θυμὸς] ὑπὸ τοῦ λ. ἀνακληθείς Id.R. 440d

    ; σύμμαχον τῷ λ. τὸν θυμόν ib. b;

    πειθαρχεῖ τῷ λ. τὸ τοῦ ἐγκρατοῦς Arist. EN 1102b26

    ; ἄλλο τι παρὰ τὸν λ. πεφυκός, ὃ μάχεται τῷ λ. ib.17;

    ἐναντίωσις λόγου πρὸς ἐπιθυμίας Plot.4.7.13(8)

    ;

    οὐ θυμός, οὐκ ἐπιθυμία, οὐδὲ λ. οὐδέ τις νόησις Id.6.9.11

    : freq. in Stoic. Philos. of human Reason, opp. φαντασία, Zeno Stoic.1.39; opp. φύσις, Stoic.2.206; οὐ σοφία οὐδὲ λ. ἐστὶν ἐν [τοῖς ζῴοις] ibid.;

    τοῖς ἀλόγοις ζῴοις ὡς λ. ἔχων λ. μὴ ἔχουσι χρῶ M.Ant.6.23

    ;

    ὁ λ. κοινὸν πρὸς τοὺς θεούς Arr.Epict. 1.3.3

    ;

    οἷον [εἰκὼν] λ. ὁ ἐν προφορᾷ λόγου τοῦ ἐν ψυχῇ, οὕτω καὶ αὐτὴ λ. νοῦ Plot.5.1.3

    ; τὸ τὸν λ. σχεῖν τὴν οἰκείαν ἀρετήν (sc. εὐδαιμονίαν) Procl.in Ti.3.334 D.; also of the reason which pervades the universe, θεῖος λ. [Epich.] 257;

    τὸν θεῖον λ. καθ' Ἡράκλειτον δι' ἀναπνοῆς σπάσαντες νοεροὶ γινόμεθα S.E.M.7.129

     (cf. infr. x).
    b creative reason,

    ἀδύνατον ἦν λόγον μὴ οὐκ ἐπὶ πάντα ἐλθεῖν Plot.3.2.14

    ;

    ἀρχὴ οὖν λ. καὶ πάντα λ. καὶ τὰ γινόμενα κατ' αὐτόν Id.3.2.15

    ;

    οἱ λ. πάντες ψυχαί Id.3.2.18

    .
    V continuous statement, narrative (whether fact or fiction), oration, etc. (cf. λέγω (B) 11.2),
    1 fable, Hdt.1.141;

    Αἰσώπου λόγοι Pl.Phd. 60d

    , cf. Arist.Rh. 1393b8;

    ὁ τοῦ κυνὸς λ. X.Mem. 2.7.13

    .
    2 legend,

    ἱρὸς λ. Hdt.2.62

    , cf. 47, Pi.P.3.80 (pl.);

    συνθέντες λ. E.Ba. 297

    ;

    λ. θεῖος Pl.Phd. 85d

    ; ἱεροὶ λ., of Orphic rhapsodies, Suid. S.V. Ὀρφεύς.
    3 tale, story,

    ἄλλον ἔπειμι λ. Xenoph. 7.1

    , cf. Th.1.97, etc.;

    συνθέτους λ. A.Pr. 686

    ; σπουδὴν λόγου urgent tidings, E.Ba. 663; ἄλλος λ. 'another story', Pl.Ap. 34e; ὁμολογούμενος ὁ λ. ἐστίν the story is consistent, Isoc.3.27: pl., histories,

    ἐν τοῖσι Ἀσσυρίοισι λ. Hdt.1.184

    , cf. 106, 2.99; so in sg., a historical work, Id.2.123, 6.19,7.152: also in sg., one section of such a work (like later βίβλος), Id.2.38,6.39, cf. VI.3d; so in pl.,

    ἐν τοῖσι Λιβυκοῖσι λ. Id.2.161

    , cf. 1.75,5.22,7.93, 213;

    ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ τῶν λ. Id.5.36

    ; ὁ πρῶτος λ., of St. Luke's gospel, Act.Ap.1.1: in Pl., opp. μῦθος, as history to legend, Ti. 26e;

    ποιεῖν μύθους ἀλλ' οὐ λόγους Phd. 61b

    , cf. Grg. 523a (but μῦθον λέγειν, opp. λόγῳ ( argument)

    διεξελθεῖν Prt. 320c

    , cf. 324d);

    περὶ λόγων καὶ μύθων Arist.Pol. 1336a30

    ;

    ὁ λ... μῦθός ἐστι Ael.NA4.34

    .
    4 speech, delivered in court, assembly, etc.,

    χρήσομαι τῇ τοῦ λ. τάξει ταύτῃ Aeschin.3.57

    , cf. Arist.Rh. 1358a38;

    δικανικοὶ λ. Id.EN 1181a4

    ;

    τρία γένη τῶν λ. τῶν ῥητορικῶν, συμβουλευτικόν, δικανικόν, ἐπιδεικτικόν Id.Rh. 1358b7

    ;

    τῷ γράψαντι τὸν λ. Thphr. Char.17.8

    , cf.

    λογογράφος 11

    ; ἐπιτάφιος λ. funeral oration, Pl.Mx. 236b; esp. of the body of a speech, opp. ἐπίλογος, Arist.Rh. 1420b3; opp. προοίμιον, ib. 1415a12; body of a law, opp. proem, Pl.Lg. 723b; spoken, opp. written word,

    τὸν τοῦ εἰδότος λ. ζῶντα καὶ ἔμψυχον οὗ ὁ γεγραμμένος εἴδωλόν τι Id.Phdr. 276a

    ; ὁ ἐκ τοῦ βιβλίου ῥηθεὶς [λ.] speech read from a roll, ib. 243c; published speech, D.C.40.54; rarely of the speeches in Tragedy ([etym.] ῥήσεις), Arist.Po. 1450b6,9.
    VI verbal expression or utterance (cf. λέγω (B) 111), rarely a single word, v. infr. b, never in Gramm. signf. of vocable ([etym.] ἔπος, λέξις, ὄνομα, ῥῆμα), usu. of a phrase, cf. IX. 3 (the only sense found in [dialect] Ep.).
    a pl., without Art., talk,

    τὸν ἔτερπε λόγοις Il.15.393

    ;

    αἱμύλιοι λ. Od.1.56

    , h.Merc. 317, Hes.Th. 890, Op.78, 789, Thgn.704, A.R.3.1141; ψευδεῖς Λ., personified, Hes.Th. 229;

    ἀφροδίσιοι λ. Semon.7.91

    ;

    ἀγανοῖσι λ. Pi.P. 4.101

    ; ὄψον δὲ λ. φθονεροῖσιν tales, Id.N.8.21; σμικροὶ λ. brief words, S.Aj. 1268 (s.v.l.), El. 415; δόκησις ἀγνὼς λόγων bred of talk, Id.OT 681 (lyr.): also in sg., λέγ' εἴ σοι τῷ λ. τις ἡδονή speak if thou delightest in talking, Id.El. 891.
    b sg., expression, phrase,

    πρὶν εἰπεῖν ἐσθλὸν ἢ κακὸν λ. Id.Ant. 1245

    , cf. E.Hipp. 514;

    μυρίας ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ Hdt.2.37

    ; μακρὸς λ. rigmarole, Simon.189, Arist.Metaph. 1091a8; λ. ἠρέμα λεχθεὶς διέθηκε τὸ πόρρω a whispered message, Plot.4.9.3; ἑνὶ λόγῳ to sum up, in brief phrase, Pl.Phdr. 241e, Phd. 65d; concisely, Arist. EN 1103b21 (but also, = ἁπλῶς, περὶ πάντων ἑνὶ λ. Id.GC 325a1): pl., λ. θελκτήριοι magic words, E.Hipp. 478; rarely of single words,

    λ. εὐσύνθετος οἷον τὸ χρονοτριβεῖν Arist.Rh. 1406a36

    ; οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῇ λ. answered her not a word, Ev.Matt.15.23.
    c coupled or contrasted with words expressed or understood signifying act, fact, truth, etc., mostly in a depreciatory sense,

    λ. ἔργου σκιή Democr. 145

    ;

    ὥσπερ μικρὸν παῖδα λόγοις μ' ἀπατᾷς Thgn.254

    ; λόγῳ, opp. ἔργῳ, Democr.82, etc.;

    νηπίοισι οὐ λ. ἀλλὰ ξυμφορὴ διδάσκαλος Id.76

    ;

    ἔργῳ κοὐ λόγῳ τεκμαίρομαι A.Pr. 338

    , cf. S.El.59, OC 782;

    λόγῳ μὲν λέγουσι.. ἔργῳ δὲ οὐκ ἀποδεικνῦσι Hdt.4.8

    ;

    οὐ λόγων, φασίν, ἡ ἀγορὴ δεῖται, χαλκῶν δέ Herod.7.49

    ;

    οὔτε λ. οὔτε ἔργῳ Lys.9.14

    ; λόγοις, opp. ψήφῳ, Aeschin.2.33; opp. νόῳ, Hdt.2.100;

    οὐ λόγῳ μαθών E.Heracl.5

    ;

    ἐκ λόγων, κούφου πράγματος Pl.Lg. 935a

    ; λόγοισι εἰς τὸ πιθανὸν περιπεπεμμένα ib. 886e, cf. Luc.Anach.19;

    ἵνα μὴ λ. οἴησθε εἶναι, ἀλλ' εἰδῆτε τὴν ἀλήθειαν Lycurg.23

    , cf. D.30.34; opp. πρᾶγμα, Arist.Top. 146a4; opp. βία, Id.EN 1179b29, cf. 1180a5; opp. ὄντα, Pl.Phd. 100a; opp. γνῶσις, 2 Ep.Cor.11.6; λόγῳ in pretence, Hdt.1.205, Pl.R. 361b, 376d, Ti. 27a, al.; λόγου ἕνεκα merely as a matter of words,

    ἄλλως ἕνεκα λ. ἐλέγετο Id.Cri. 46d

    ; λόγου χάριν, opp. ὡς ἀληθῶς, Arist.Pol. 1280b8; but also, let us say, for instance, Id.EN 1144a33, Plb.10.46.4, Phld. Sign.29, M.Ant.4.32; λόγου ἕνεκα let us suppose, Pl.Tht. 191c; ἕως λόγου, μέχρι λ., = Lat. verbo tenus, Plb.10.24.7, Epict.Ench.16: sts. without depreciatory force, the antithesis or parallelism being verbal (cf. 'word and deed'),

    λόγῳ τε καὶ σθένει S.OC68

    ;

    ἔν τε ἔργῳ καὶ λ. Pl.R. 382e

    , cf. D.S.13.101, Ev.Luc.24.19, Act.Ap.7.22, Paus.2.16.2; ὅσα μὲν λόγῳ εἶπον, opp. τὰ ἔργα τῶν πραχθέντων, Th. 1.22.
    2 common talk, report, tradition,

    ὡς λ. ἐν θνητοῖσιν ἔην Batr. 8

    ;

    λ. ἐκ πατέρων Alc.71

    ;

    οὐκ ἔστ' ἔτυμος λ. οὗτος Stesich.32

    ;

    διξὸς λέγεται λ. Hdt.3.32

    ;

    λ. ὑπ' Αἰγυπτίων λεγόμενος Id.2.47

    ; νέον [λ.] tidings, S.Ant. 1289 (lyr.); τὰ μὲν αὐτοὶ ὡρῶμεν, τὰ δὲ λόγοισι ἐπυνθανόμεθα by hearsay, Hdt.2.148: also in pl., ἐν γράμμασιν λόγοι κείμενοι traditions, Pl.Lg. 886b.
    b rumour,

    ἐπὶ παντὶ λ. ἐπτοῆσθαι Heraclit. 87

    ; αὐδάεις λ. voice of rumour, B.14.44; περὶ θεῶν διῆλθεν ὁ λ. ὅτι .. Th.6.46; λ. παρεῖχεν ὡς .. Plb.3.89.3; ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λ. οὗτος εῖς τινας ὅτι .. Ev.Jo.21.23, cf. Act.Ap.11.22; fiction, Ev.Matt.28.15.
    c mention, notice, description, οὐκ ὕει λόγου ἄξιον οὐδέν worth mentioning, Hdt.4.28, cf. Plb.1.24.8, etc.; ἔργα λόγου μέζω beyond expression, Hdt.2.35; κρεῖσσον λόγου τὸ εἶδος τῆς νόσου beyond description, Th. 2.50;

    μείζω ἔργα ἢ ὡς τῷ λ. τις ἂν εἴποι D.6.11

    .
    d the talk one occasions, repute, mostly in good sense, good report, praise, honour (cf. supr. 1.4),

    πολλὰ φέρειν εἴωθε λ... πταίσματα Thgn.1221

    ;

    λ. ἐσλὸν ἀκοῦσαι Pi.I.5(4).13

    ;

    πλέονα.. λ. Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν Id.N.7.21

    ;

    ἵνα λ. σε ἔχῃ πρὸς ἀνθρώπων ἀγαθός Hdt.7.5

    , cf. 9.78; Τροίαν.. ἧς ἁπανταχοῦ λ. whose fame, story fills the world, E.IT 517;

    οὐκ ἂν ἦν λ. σέθεν Id.Med. 541

    : less freq. in bad sense, evil report, λ. κακόθρους, κακός, S. Aj. 138 (anap.), E.Heracl. 165: pl., λόγους ψιθύρους πλάσσων slanders, S.Aj. 148 (anap.).
    e λ. ἐστί, ἔχει, κατέχει, the story goes, c. acc. et inf.,

    ἔστ τις λ. τὰν Ἀρετὰν ναίειν Simon.58.1

    , cf. S.El. 417; λ. μὲν ἔστ' ἀρχαῖος ὡς .. Id.Tr.1; λ. alone, E.Heracl.35;

    ὡς λ. A.Supp. 230

    , Pl. Phlb. 65c, etc.;

    λ. ἐστί Hdt.7.129

    ,9.26, al.;

    λ. αἰὲν ἔχει S.OC 1573

     (lyr.); ὅσον ὁ λ. κατέχει tradition prevails, Th.1.10: also with a personal subject in the reverse construction. Κλεισθένης λ. ἔχει τὴν Πυθίην ἀναπεῖσαι has the credit of.., Hdt.5.66, cf. Pl.Epin. 987b, 988b;

    λ. ἔχοντα σοφίας Ep.Col.2.23

    , v.supr.1.4.
    3 discussion, debate, deliberation,

    πολλὸς ἦν ἐν τοῖσι λ. Hdt.8.59

    ;

    συνελέχθησαν οἱ Μῆδοι ἐς τὠυτὸ καὶ ἐδίδοσαν σφίσι λόγον, λέγοντες περὶ τῶν κατηκόντων Id.1.97

    ;

    οἱ Πελασγοὶ ἑωυτοῖσι λόγους ἐδίδοσαν Id.6.138

    ;

    πολέμῳ μᾶλλον ἢ λόγοις τὰ ἐγκλήματα διαλύεσθαι Th.1.140

    ;

    οἱ περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης λ. Aeschin.2.74

    ; τοῖς ἔξωθεν λ. πεπλήρωκε τὸν λ. [Plato] has filled his dialogue with extraneous discussions, Arist.Pol. 1264b39;

    τὸ μῆκος τῶν λ. D.Chr.7.131

    ; μεταβαίνων ὁ λ. εἰς ταὐτὸν ἀφῖκται our debate, Arist.EN 1097a24; ὁ παρὼν λ. ib. 1104a11; θεῶν ὧν νῦν ὁ λ. ἐστί discussion, Pl.Ap. 26b, cf. Tht. 184a, M.Ant.8.32; τῷ λ. διελθεῖν, διϊέναι, Pl.Prt. 329c, Grg. 506a, etc.; τὸν λ. διεξελθεῖν conduct the debate, Id.Lg. 893a; ξυνελθεῖν ἐς λόγον confer, Ar.Eq. 1300: freq. in pl., ἐς λόγους συνελθόντες parley, Hdt. 1.82; ἐς λ. ἐλθεῖν τινι have speech with, ib.86;

    ἐς λ. ἀπικέσθαι τινί Id.2.32

    ;

    διὰ λόγων ἰέναι E.Tr. 916

    ;

    ἐμαυτῇ διὰ λ. ἀφικόμην Id.Med. 872

    ;

    ἐς λ. ἄγειν τινά X.HG4.1.2

    ;

    κοινωνεῖν λόγων καὶ διανοίας Arist.EN 1170b12

    .
    b right of discussion or speech, ἢ 'πὶ τῷ πλήθει λ.; S.OC 66; λ. αἰτήσασθαι ask leave to speak, Th.3.53;

    λ. διδόναι X.HG5.2.20

    ; οὐ προυτέθη σφίσιν λ. κατὰ τὸν νόμον ib.1.7.5;

    λόγου τυχεῖν D.18.13

    , cf. Arist.EN 1095b21, Plb.18.52.1;

    οἱ λόγου τοὺς δούλους ἀποστεροῦντες Arist.Pol. 1260b5

    ;

    δοῦλος πέφυκας, οὐ μέτεστί σοι λόγου Trag.Adesp.304

    ;

    διδόντας λ. καὶ δεχομένους ἐν τῷ μέρει Luc.Pisc.8

    : hence, time allowed for a speech,

    ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ λ. And.1.26

    ,al.;

    ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ λ. Pl.Ap. 34a

    ;

    οὐκ ἐλάττω λ. ἀνήλωκε D.18.9

    .
    c dialogue, as a form of philosophical debate,

    ἵνα μὴ μαχώμεθα ἐν τοῖς λ. ἐγώ τε καὶ σύ Pl. Cra. 430d

    ;

    πρὸς ἀλλήλους τοὺς λ. ποιεῖσθαι Id.Prt. 348a

    : hence, dialogue as a form of literature,

    οἱ Σωκρατικοὶ λ. Arist.Po. 1447b11

    , Rh. 1417a20; cf. διάλογος.
    d section, division of a dialogue or treatise (cf. v. 3),

    ὁ πρῶτος λ. Pl.Prm. 127d

    ; ὁ πρόσθεν, ὁ παρελθὼν λ., Id.Phlb. 18e, 19b;

    ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις λ. Arist.PA 682a3

    ; ἐν τοῖς περὶ κινήσεως λ. in the discussion of motion (i. e. Ph.bk.8), Id.GC 318a4;

    ἐν τῷ περὶ ἐπαίνου λ. Phld.Rh.1.219

    ; branch, department, division of a system of philosophy,

    τὴν φρόνησιν ἐκ τριῶν συνεστηκέναι λ., τῶν φυσικῶν καὶ τῶν ἠθικῶν καὶ τῶν λογικῶν Chrysipp.Stoic.2.258

    .
    e in pl., literature, letters, Pl.Ax. 365b, Epin. 975d, D.H.Comp.1,21 (but, also in pl., treatises, Plu.2.16c);

    οἱ ἐπὶ λόγοις εὐδοκιμώτατοι Hdn.6.1.4

    ; Λόγοι, personified, AP9.171 (Pall.).
    VII a particular utterance, saying:
    1 divine utterance, oracle, Pi.P.4.59;

    λ. μαντικοί Pl. Phdr. 275b

    ;

    οὐ γὰρ ἐμὸν ἐρῶ τὸν λ. Pl.Ap. 20e

    ;

    ὁ λ. τοῦ θεοῦ Apoc.1.2

    ,9.
    2 proverb, maxim, saying, Pi.N.9.6, A.Th. 218; ὧδ' ἔχει λ. ib. 225; τόνδ' ἐκαίνισεν λ. ὡς .. Critias 21, cf. Pl.R. 330a, Ev.Jo.4.37;

    ὁ παλαιὸς λ. Pl.Phdr. 240c

    , cf. Smp. 195b, Grg. 499c, Lg. 757a, 1 Ep.Ti.1.15, Plu.2.1082e, Luc.Alex.9, etc.;

    τὸ τοῦ λόγου δὴ τοῦτο Herod.2.45

    , cf. D.Chr.66.24, Luc.JTr.3, Alciphr.3.56, etc.: pl., Arist.EN 1147a21.
    3 assertion, opp. oath, S.OC 651; ψιλῷ λ. bare word, opp. μαρτυρία, D.27.54.
    4 express resolution, κοινῷ λ. by common consent, Hdt.1.141,al.; ἐπὶ λ. τοιῷδε, ἐπ' ᾧ τε .. on the following terms, Id.7.158, cf. 9.26;

    ἐνδέξασθαι τὸν λ. Id.1.60

    , cf. 9.5; λ. ἔχοντες πλεονέκτην a greedy proposal, Id.7.158: freq. in pl., terms, conditions, Id.9.33, etc.
    5 word of command, behest, A.Pr.17,40 (both pl.), Pers. 363;

    ἀνθρώπους πιθανωτέρους ποιεῖν λόγῳ X.Oec.13.9

    ;

    ἐξέβαλε τὰ πνεύματα λόγῳ Ev.Matt.8.16

    ; οἱ δέκα λ. the ten Commandments, LXX Ex.34.28, Ph.1.496.
    VIII thing spoken of, subject-matter (cf. 111.1 b and 2),

    λ. τοῦτον ἐάσομεν Thgn.1055

    ; προπεπυσμένος πάντα λ. the whole matter, Hdt.1.21, cf. 111; τὸν ἐόντα λ. the truth of the matter, ib.95, 116; μετασχεῖν τοῦ λ. to be in the secret, ib. 127;

    μηδενὶ ἄλλῳ τὸν λ. τοῦτον εῐπῃς Id.8.65

    ; τίς ἦν λ.; S.OT 684 ( = πρᾶγμα, 699); περί τινος λ. διελεγόμεθα subject, question, Pl.Prt. 314c; [τὸ προοίμιον] δεῖγμα τοῦ λ. case, Arist.Rh. 1415a12, cf. 111.1b; τέλος δὲ παντὸς τοῦ λ. ψηφίζονται the end of the matter was that.., Aeschin.3.124;

    οὐκ ἔστεξε τὸν λ. Plb.8.12.5

    ;

    οὐκ ἔστι σοι μερὶς οὐδὲ κλῆρος ἐν τῷ λ. τούτῳ Act.Ap.8.21

    ;

    ἱκανὸς αὐτῷ ὁ λ. Pl.Grg. 512c

    ; οὐχ ὑπολείπει [Γοργίαν] ὁ λ. matter for talk, Arist.Rh. 1418a35;

    μηδένα λ. ὑπολιπεῖν Isoc.4.146

    ; πρὸς λόγον to the point, apposite,

    οὐδὲν πρὸς λ. Pl.Phlb. 42e

    , cf. Prt. 344a;

    ἐὰν πρὸς λ. τι ᾖ Id.Phlb. 33c

    ; also

    πρὸς λόγου Id.Grg. 459c

     (s. v.l.).
    2 plot of a narrative or dramatic poem, = μῦθος, Arist.Po. 1455b17, al.
    b in Art, subject of a painting,

    ζωγραφίας λόγοι Philostr.VA 6.10

    ;

    λ. τῆς γραφῆς Id.Im.1.25

    .
    3 thing talked of, event,

    μετὰ τοὺς λ. τούτους LXX 1 Ma.7.33

    , cf. Act.Ap.15.6.
    IX expression, utterance, speech regarded formally, τὸ ἀπὸ [ψυχῆς] ῥεῦμα διὰ τοῦ στόματος ἰὸν μετὰ φθόγγου λ., opp. διάνοια, Pl.Sph. 263e; intelligent utterance, opp. φωνή, Arist.Pol. 1253a14;

    λ. ἐστὶ φωνὴ σημαντικὴ κατὰ συνθήκην Id.Int. 16b26

    , cf. Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213; ὅθεν (from the heart)

    ὁ λ. ἀναπέμπεται Stoic.2.228

    , cf. 244; Protagoras was nicknamed λόγος, Hsch. ap. Sch.Pl.R. 600c, Suid.;

    λόγου πειθοῖ Democr.181

    : in pl., eloquence, Isoc.3.3,9.11;

    τὴν ἐν λόγοις εὐρυθμίαν Epicur.Sent.Pal.5p.69

     v. d. M.; λ. ἀκριβής precise language, Ar.Nu. 130 (pl.), cf. Arist.Rh. 1418b1;

    τοῦ μὴ ᾀδομένου λ. Pl.R. 398d

    ; ἡδυσμένος λ., of rhythmical language set to music, Arist.Po. 1449b25; ἐν παντὶ λ. in all manner of utterance, 1 Ep.Cor.1.5; ἐν λόγοις in orations, Arist.Po. 1459a13; λ. γελοῖοι, ἀσχήμονες, ludicrous, improper speech, Id.SE 182b15, Pol. 1336b14.
    2 of various modes of expression, esp. artistic and literary,

    ἔν τε ᾠδαῖς καὶ μύθοις καὶ λόγοις Pl.Lg. 664a

    ;

    ἐν λόγῳ καὶ ἐν ᾠδαῖς X.Cyr.1.4.25

    , cf. Pl.Lg. 835b; prose, opp. ποίησις, Id.R. 390a; opp. ψιλομετρία, Arist.Po. 1448a11; opp. ἔμμετρα, ib. 1450b15 (pl.); τῷ λ. τοῦτο τῶν μέτρων (sc. τὸ ἰαμβεῖον)

    ὁμοιότατον εἶναι Id.Rh. 1404a31

    ; in full, ψιλοὶ λ. prose, ib. b33 (but ψιλοὶ λ., = arguments without diagrams, Pl.Tht. 165a); λ. πεζοί, opp. ποιητική, D.H.Comp.6; opp. ποιήματα, ib.15;

    κοινὰ καὶ ποιημάτων καὶ λόγων Phld.Po.5.7

    ; πεζὸς λ. ib.27, al.
    b of the constituents of lyric or dramatic poetry, words,

    τὸ μέλος ἐκ τριῶν.. λόγου τε καὶ ἁρμονίας καὶ ῥυθμοῦ Pl.R. 398d

    ; opp. πρᾶξις, Arist.Po. 1454a18; dramatic dialogue, opp. τὰ τοῦ χοροῦ, ib. 1449a17.
    3 Gramm., phrase, complex term, opp. ὄνομα, Id.SE 165a13; λ. ὀνοματώδης noun- phrase, Id.APo. 93b30, cf. Rh. 1407b27; expression, D.H.Th.2, Demetr.Eloc.92.
    b sentence, complete statement, "

    ἄνθρωπος μανθάνει λόγον εἶναί φῃς.. ἐλάχιστόν τε καὶ πρῶτον Pl.Sph. 262c

    ;

    λ. αὐτοτελής A.D.Synt.3.6

    , D.T.634.1; ῥηθῆναι λόγῳ to be expressed in a sentence, Pl.Tht. 202b; λ. ἔχειν to be capable of being so expressed, ib. 201e, cf. Arist.Rh. 1404b26.
    c language, τὰ τοῦ λ. μέρη parts of speech, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.31, S.E.M.9.350, etc.;

    τὰ μόρια τοῦ λ. D.H.Comp.6

    ;

    μέρος λ. D.T.633.26

    , A.D.Pron.4.6, al. (but ἓν μέρος <τοῦ cod.> λόγου one word, Id.Synt.340.10, cf. 334.22); περὶ τῶν στοιχείων τοῦ λ., title of work by Chrysippus.
    X the Word or Wisdom of God, personified as his agent in creation and world-government,

    ὁ παντοδύναμός σου λ. LXX Wi.18.15

    ;

    ὁ ἐκ νοὸς φωτεινὸς λ. υἱὸς θεοῦ Corp.Herm.1.6

    , cf. Plu.2.376c; λ. θεοῦ δι' οὗ κατεσκευάσθη [ὁ κόσμος] Ph.1.162; τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ σοφίας· ἡ δέ ἐστιν ὁ θεοῦ λ. ib.56; λ. θεῖος.. εἰκὼν θεοῦ ib. 561, cf. 501; τὸν τομέα τῶν συμπάντων [θεοῦ] λ. ib. 492; τὸν ἄγγελον ὅς ἐστι λ. ib. 122: in NT identified with the person of Christ,

    ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λ. Ev.Jo.1.1

    , cf. 14, 1 Ep.Jo.2.7, Apoc.19.13;

    ὁ λ. τῆς ζωῆς 1 Ep.Jo.1.1

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λόγος

  • 16 go

    Ⅰ.
    go1 [gəʊ]
    (game) jeu m de go
    Ⅱ.
    go2 [gəʊ]
    aller ⇒ 1A (a)-(c), 1A (e), 1A (f), 1E (a)-(c), 1G (a), 2 (a) s'en aller ⇒ 1A (d) être ⇒ 1B (a) devenir ⇒ 1B (b) tomber en panne ⇒ 1B (c) s'user ⇒ 1B (d) se détériorer ⇒ 1B (e) commencer ⇒ 1C (a) aller (+ infinitif) ⇒ 1C (b), 1C (c) marcher ⇒ 1C (d) disparaître ⇒ 1D (a), 1D (c) se passer ⇒ 1E (d) s'écouler ⇒ 1E (e) s'appliquer ⇒ 1F (b) se vendre ⇒ 1F (e) contribuer ⇒ 1G (c) aller ensemble ⇒ 1H (a) tenir le coup ⇒ 1H (c) faire ⇒ 2 (b), 2 (c) coup ⇒ 3 (a) essai ⇒ 3 (a) tour ⇒ 3 (b) dynamisme ⇒ 3 (c)
    (pl goes [gəʊz], 3rd pres sing goes [gəʊz], pt went [went], pp gone [gɒn])
    A.
    (a) (move, travel → person) aller; (→ vehicle) aller, rouler;
    ∎ we're going to Paris/Japan/Spain nous allons à Paris/au Japon/en Espagne;
    ∎ he went to the office/a friend's house il est allé au bureau/chez un ami;
    ∎ I want to go home je veux rentrer;
    ∎ the salesman went from house to house le vendeur est allé de maison en maison;
    ∎ we went by car/on foot nous y sommes allés en voiture/à pied;
    ∎ there goes the train! voilà le train (qui passe)!;
    ∎ the bus goes by way of or through Dover le bus passe par Douvres;
    ∎ does this train go to Glasgow? ce train va-t-il à Glasgow?;
    ∎ the truck was going at 150 kilometres an hour le camion roulait à ou faisait du 150 kilomètres (à l')heure;
    ∎ go behind those bushes va derrière ces arbustes;
    ∎ where do we go from here? où va-t-on maintenant?; figurative qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant?;
    ∎ to go to the doctor aller voir ou aller chez le médecin;
    ∎ he went straight to the director il est allé directement voir ou trouver le directeur;
    ∎ to go to prison aller en prison;
    ∎ to go to the toilet aller aux toilettes;
    ∎ to go to sb for advice aller demander conseil à qn;
    ∎ let the children go first laissez les enfants passer devant, laissez passer les enfants d'abord;
    ∎ I'll go next c'est à moi après;
    ∎ who goes next? (in game) c'est à qui (le tour)?;
    ∎ Military who goes there? qui va là?, qui vive?;
    ∎ here we go again! ça y est, ça recommence!;
    ∎ there he goes! le voilà!;
    ∎ there he goes again! (there he is again) le revoilà!; (he's doing it again) ça y est, il est reparti!
    ∎ to go shopping aller faire des courses;
    ∎ to go fishing/hunting aller à la pêche/à la chasse;
    ∎ to go riding aller faire du cheval;
    ∎ let's go for a walk/bike ride/swim allons nous promener/faire un tour à vélo/nous baigner;
    ∎ they went on a trip ils sont partis en voyage;
    ∎ British go and buy the paper, American go buy the paper va acheter le journal;
    ∎ I'll go to see her or American go see her tomorrow j'irai la voir demain;
    ∎ don't go and tell him!, don't go telling him! ne va pas le lui dire!, ne le lui dis pas!;
    ∎ don't go bothering your sister ne va pas embêter ta sœur;
    ∎ you had to go and tell him! il a fallu que tu le lui dises!;
    ∎ he's gone and locked us out! il est parti et nous a laissé à la porte!;
    ∎ you've gone and done it now! vraiment, tu as tout gâché!
    ∎ he'll go as high as £300 il ira jusqu'à 300 livres;
    ∎ the temperature went as high as 36° C la température est montée jusqu'à 36° C;
    ∎ he went so far as to say it was her fault il est allé jusqu'à dire que c'était de sa faute à elle;
    ∎ now you've gone too far! là tu as dépassé les bornes!;
    ∎ I'll go further and say he should resign j'irai plus loin et je dirai qu'il ou j'irai jusqu'à dire qu'il devrait démissionner;
    ∎ the temperature sometimes goes below zero la température descend ou tombe parfois au-dessous de zéro;
    ∎ her attitude went beyond mere impertinence son comportement était plus qu'impertinent
    (d) (depart, leave) s'en aller, partir;
    ∎ I must be going il faut que je m'en aille ou que je parte;
    ∎ they went early ils sont partis tôt;
    ∎ you may go vous pouvez partir;
    ∎ what time does the train go? à quelle heure part le train?;
    ∎ familiar get going! vas-y!, file!;
    ∎ archaic be gone! allez-vous-en!;
    ∎ either he goes or I go l'un de nous deux doit partir
    ∎ to go to church/school aller à l'église/l'école;
    ∎ to go to a meeting aller ou assister à une réunion;
    ∎ that road goes to the market square cette route va ou mène à la place du marché
    B.
    ∎ to go barefoot/naked se promener pieds nus/tout nu;
    ∎ to go armed porter une arme;
    ∎ her family goes in rags sa famille est en haillons;
    ∎ the job went unfilled le poste est resté vacant;
    ∎ to go unnoticed passer inaperçu;
    ∎ such crimes must not go unpunished de tels crimes ne doivent pas rester impunis
    (b) (become) devenir;
    ∎ my father is going grey mon père grisonne;
    ∎ she went white with rage elle a blêmi de colère;
    ∎ my hands went clammy mes mains sont devenues moites;
    ∎ the tea's gone cold le thé a refroidi;
    ∎ have you gone mad? tu es devenu fou?;
    ∎ to go bankrupt faire faillite;
    ∎ the country has gone Republican le pays est maintenant républicain
    (c) (stop working → engine) tomber en panne; (→ fuse) sauter; (→ bulb, lamp) sauter, griller;
    ∎ the battery's going la pile commence à être usée
    (d) (wear out) s'user; (split) craquer; (break) (se) casser;
    ∎ his trousers are going at the knees son pantalon s'use aux genoux;
    ∎ the jacket went at the seams la veste a craqué aux coutures
    (e) (deteriorate, fail → health) se détériorer; (→ hearing, sight) baisser;
    ∎ all his strength went and he fell to the floor il a perdu toutes ses forces et il est tombé par terre;
    ∎ his voice is going il devient aphone;
    ∎ his voice is gone il est aphone, il a une extinction de voix;
    ∎ her mind has started to go elle n'a plus toute sa tête ou toutes ses facultés
    C.
    ∎ what are we waiting for? let's go! qu'est-ce qu'on attend? allons-y!;
    ∎ familiar here goes!, here we go! allez!, on y va!;
    ∎ go! partez!;
    ∎ you'd better get going on or with that report! tu ferais bien de te mettre à ou de t'attaquer à ce rapport!;
    ∎ it won't be so hard once you get going ça ne sera pas si difficile une fois que tu seras lancé;
    ∎ familiar go to it! (get to work) au boulot!; (in encouragement) allez-y!
    ∎ to be going to do sth (be about to) aller faire qch, être sur le point de faire qch; (intend to) avoir l'intention de faire qch;
    ∎ you were just going to tell me about it vous étiez sur le point de ou vous alliez m'en parler;
    ∎ I was going to visit her yesterday but her mother arrived j'avais l'intention de ou j'allais lui rendre visite hier mais sa mère est arrivée
    ∎ are you going to be at home tonight? est-ce que vous serez chez vous ce soir?;
    ∎ we're going to do exactly as we please nous ferons ce que nous voulons;
    ∎ she's going to be a doctor elle va être médecin;
    ∎ there's going to be a storm il va y avoir un orage;
    ∎ he's going to have to work really hard il va falloir qu'il travaille très dur
    (d) (function → clock, machine) marcher, fonctionner; (start functioning) démarrer;
    ∎ is the fan going? est-ce que le ventilateur est en marche ou marche?;
    ∎ the car won't go la voiture ne veut pas démarrer;
    ∎ he had the television and the radio going il avait mis la télévision et la radio en marche;
    ∎ the washing machine is still going la machine à laver tourne encore, la lessive n'est pas terminée;
    ∎ to get sth going (car, machine) mettre qch en marche; (business, project) lancer qch;
    ∎ her daughter kept the business going sa fille a continué à faire marcher l'affaire;
    ∎ to keep a conversation/fire going entretenir une conversation/un feu
    (e) (sound → alarm clock, bell) sonner; (→ alarm, siren) retentir
    ∎ she went like this with her eyebrows elle a fait comme ça avec ses sourcils
    ∎ to go on radio/television passer à la radio/à la télévision
    D.
    (a) (disappear) disparaître;
    ∎ the snow has gone la neige a fondu ou disparu;
    ∎ all the sugar's gone il n'y a plus de sucre;
    ∎ my coat has gone mon manteau n'est plus là ou a disparu;
    ∎ all our money has gone (spent) nous avons dépensé tout notre argent; (lost) nous avons perdu tout notre argent; (stolen) on a volé tout notre argent;
    ∎ I don't know where the money goes these days l'argent disparaît à une vitesse incroyable ces temps-ci;
    ∎ gone are the days when he took her dancing elle est bien loin, l'époque où il l'emmenait danser
    ∎ the last paragraph must go il faut supprimer le dernier paragraphe;
    ∎ I've decided that car has to go j'ai décidé de me débarrasser de cette voiture;
    ∎ that new secretary has got to go il va falloir se débarrasser de la nouvelle secrétaire
    (c) euphemism (die) disparaître, s'éteindre;
    ∎ he is (dead and) gone il nous a quittés;
    ∎ his wife went first sa femme est partie avant lui;
    ∎ after I go... quand je ne serai plus là...
    E.
    (a) (extend, reach) aller, s'étendre;
    ∎ our property goes as far as the forest notre propriété va ou s'étend jusqu'au bois;
    ∎ the path goes right down to the beach le chemin descend jusqu'à la mer;
    ∎ figurative her thinking didn't go that far elle n'a pas poussé le raisonnement aussi loin;
    ∎ my salary doesn't go very far je ne vais pas loin avec mon salaire;
    ∎ money doesn't go very far these days l'argent part vite à notre époque;
    ∎ their difference of opinion goes deeper than I thought leur différend est plus profond que je ne pensais
    (b) (belong) aller, se mettre, se ranger;
    ∎ the dictionaries go on that shelf les dictionnaires se rangent ou vont sur cette étagère;
    ∎ where do the towels go? où est-ce qu'on met les serviettes?;
    ∎ that painting goes here ce tableau se met ou va là
    (c) (be contained in, fit) aller;
    ∎ this last sweater won't go in the suitcase ce dernier pull n'ira pas ou n'entrera pas dans la valise;
    ∎ the piano barely goes through the door le piano entre ou passe de justesse par la porte;
    ∎ this belt just goes round my waist cette ceinture est juste assez longue pour faire le tour de ma taille;
    ∎ the lid goes on easily enough le couvercle se met assez facilement
    (d) (develop, turn out) se passer;
    ∎ how did your interview go? comment s'est passé ton entretien?;
    ∎ I'll see how things go je vais voir comment ça se passe;
    ∎ we can't tell how things will go on ne sait pas comment ça se passera;
    ∎ everything went well tout s'est bien passé;
    ∎ if all goes well si tout va bien;
    ∎ the meeting went badly/well la réunion s'est mal/bien passée;
    ∎ the negotiations are going well les négociations sont en bonne voie;
    ∎ the vote went against them/in their favour le vote leur a été défavorable/favorable;
    ∎ everything was going fine until she showed up tout allait ou se passait très bien jusqu'à ce qu'elle arrive;
    ∎ everything went wrong ça a mal tourné;
    ∎ familiar how's it going?, how are things going? (comment) ça va?;
    ∎ the way things are going, we might both be out of a job soon au train où vont ou vu comment vont les choses, nous allons bientôt nous retrouver tous les deux au chômage
    (e) (time → elapse) s'écouler, passer; (→ last) durer;
    ∎ the journey went quickly je n'ai pas vu le temps passer pendant le voyage;
    ∎ there were only five minutes to go before… il ne restait que cinq minutes avant…;
    ∎ time goes so slowly when you're not here le temps me paraît tellement long quand tu n'es pas là;
    ∎ how's the time going? combien de temps reste-t-il?
    F.
    ∎ what your mother says goes! fais ce que dit ta mère!;
    ∎ whatever the boss says goes c'est le patron qui fait la loi;
    ∎ anything goes on fait ce qu'on veut
    (b) (be valid, hold true) s'appliquer;
    ∎ that rule goes for everyone cette règle s'applique à tout le monde;
    ∎ that goes for us too (that applies to us) ça s'applique à nous aussi; (we agree with that) nous sommes aussi de cet avis
    (c) (be expressed, run → report, story)
    ∎ the story or rumour goes that she left him le bruit court qu'elle l'a quitté;
    ∎ so the story goes du moins c'est ce que l'on dit ou d'après les on-dit;
    ∎ how does the story go? comment c'est cette histoire?;
    ∎ I forget how the poem goes now j'ai oublié le poème maintenant;
    ∎ how does the tune go? c'est quoi ou c'est comment, l'air?;
    ∎ her theory goes something like this sa théorie est plus ou moins la suivante
    ∎ to go by or under the name of répondre au nom de;
    ∎ he now goes by or under another name il se fait appeler autrement maintenant
    (e) (be sold) se vendre;
    ∎ flats are going cheap at the moment les appartements ne se vendent pas très cher en ce moment;
    ∎ the necklace went for £350 le collier s'est vendu 350 livres;
    ∎ going, going, gone! (at auction) une fois, deux fois, adjugé!
    G.
    (a) (be given → award, prize) aller, être donné; (→ inheritance, property) passer;
    ∎ the contract is to go to a private firm le contrat ira à une entreprise privée;
    ∎ credit should go to the teachers le mérite en revient aux enseignants;
    ∎ every penny will go to charity tout l'argent va ou est destiné à une œuvre de bienfaisance
    ∎ a small portion of the budget went on education une petite part du budget a été consacrée ou est allée à l'éducation;
    ∎ all his money goes on drink tout son argent part dans la boisson
    (c) (contribute) contribuer, servir;
    ∎ all that just goes to prove my point tout ça confirme bien ce que j'ai dit;
    ∎ it has all the qualities that go to make a good film ça a toutes les qualités d'un bon film
    (d) (have recourse) avoir recours, recourir;
    ∎ to go to arbitration recourir à l'arbitrage
    H.
    (a) (be compatible → colours, flavours) aller ensemble;
    ∎ orange and mauve don't really go l'orange et le mauve ne vont pas vraiment ensemble
    ∎ let me know if you hear of any jobs going faites-moi savoir si vous entendez parler d'un emploi;
    ∎ are there any flats going for rent in this building? y a-t-il des appartements à louer dans cet immeuble?;
    ∎ familiar any whisky going? tu as un whisky à m'offrir?□
    (c) (endure) tenir le coup;
    ∎ we can't go much longer without water nous ne pourrons pas tenir beaucoup plus longtemps sans eau
    ∎ we'll only stop if you're really desperate to go on ne s'arrête que si tu ne tiens vraiment plus;
    ∎ I went before I came j'ai fait avant de venir
    ∎ 5 into 60 goes 12 60 divisé par 5 égale 12;
    ∎ 6 into 5 won't go 5 n'est pas divisible par 6
    ∎ she isn't bad, as teachers go elle n'est pas mal comme enseignante;
    ∎ as houses go, it's pretty cheap ce n'est pas cher pour une maison;
    ∎ as things go today par les temps qui courent;
    ∎ there goes my chance of winning a prize je peux abandonner tout espoir de gagner un prix;
    ∎ there you go again, always blaming other people ça y est, toujours à rejeter la responsabilité sur les autres;
    ∎ there you go! (here you are) tiens!; (I told you so) voilà!;
    ∎ there you go, two hamburgers and a coke et voici, deux hamburgers et un Coca;
    ∎ there you go, what did I tell you? voilà ou tiens, qu'est-ce que je t'avais dit!
    (a) (follow, proceed along) aller, suivre;
    ∎ if we go this way, we'll get there much more quickly si nous passons par là, nous arriverons bien plus vite
    (b) (travel) faire, voyager;
    ∎ we've only gone 5 kilometres nous n'avons fait que 5 kilomètres;
    ∎ she went the whole length of the street before coming back elle a descendu toute la rue avant de revenir
    ∎ ducks go "quack" les canards font "coin-coin";
    ∎ the clock goes "tick tock" l'horloge fait "tic tac";
    ∎ the gun went bang et pan! le coup est parti;
    ∎ familiar then he goes "hand it over" puis il fait "donne-le-moi"
    ∎ to go 10 risquer 10;
    ∎ Cards to go no/two trumps annoncer sans/deux atout(s);
    ∎ figurative to go one better (than sb) surenchérir (sur qn)
    ∎ I could really go a beer je me paierais bien une bière
    ∎ to go it (go fast) filer; (behave wildly) se défoncer;
    ∎ familiar how goes it? ça marche?
    3 noun
    (a) British (attempt, try) coup m, essai m;
    ∎ to have a go at sth/doing sth essayer qch/de faire qch;
    ∎ he had another go il a fait une nouvelle tentative, il a ressayé;
    ∎ let's have a go! essayons!; familiar (let me try) laisse-moi essayer!□ ;
    ∎ have another go! encore un coup!;
    ∎ I've never tried it but I'll give it a go je n'ai encore jamais fait l'expérience mais je vais essayer;
    ∎ she passed her exams first go elle a eu ses examens du premier coup;
    ∎ he knocked down all the skittles at one go il a renversé toutes les quilles d'un coup;
    ∎ £1 a go (at fair etc) une livre la partie ou le tour;
    ∎ to have a go on the dodgems faire un tour d'autos tamponneuses;
    ∎ he wouldn't let me have or give me a go (on his bicycle etc) il ne voulait pas me laisser l'essayer
    (b) British (in games → turn) tour m;
    ∎ it's your go c'est ton tour ou c'est à toi (de jouer);
    ∎ whose go is it? à qui de jouer?, à qui le tour?
    (c) familiar (energy, vitality) dynamisme□ m, entrain□ m;
    ∎ to be full of go avoir plein d'énergie, être très dynamique;
    ∎ she's got plenty of go elle est pleine d'entrain;
    ∎ the new man has no go in him le nouveau manque d'entrain
    (d) familiar (success) succès□ m, réussite□ f;
    ∎ he's made a go of the business il a réussi à faire marcher l'affaire;
    ∎ to make a go of a marriage réussir un mariage;
    ∎ I tried to persuade her but it was no go j'ai essayé de la convaincre mais il n'y avait rien à faire
    (e) (fashion) mode f;
    ∎ short hair is all the go les cheveux courts sont le dernier cri ou font fureur
    ∎ to have a go at sb (physically) rentrer dans qn; (verbally) passer un savon à qn;
    ∎ they had a real go at one another! qu'est-ce qu'ils se sont mis!;
    ∎ she had a go at her boyfriend elle a passé un de ces savons à son copain;
    ∎ British police have warned the public not to have a go, the fugitive may be armed la police a prévenu la population de ne pas s'en prendre au fugitif car il pourrait être armé;
    ∎ it's all go ça n'arrête pas!;
    ∎ all systems go! c'est parti!;
    ∎ the shuttle is go for landing la navette est bonne ou est parée ou a le feu vert pour l'atterrissage
    ∎ he must be going on fifty il doit approcher de la ou aller sur la cinquantaine;
    ∎ it was going on (for) midnight by the time we finished quand on a terminé, il était près de minuit
    ∎ I've been on the go all day je n'ai pas arrêté de toute la journée□ ;
    ∎ to be always on the go être toujours à trotter ou à courir, avoir la bougeotte;
    ∎ to keep sb on the go faire trimer qn
    ∎ I have several projects on the go at present j'ai plusieurs projets en route en ce moment□
    à faire;
    ∎ there are only three weeks/five miles to go il ne reste plus que trois semaines/cinq miles;
    ∎ five done, three to go cinq de faits, trois à faire
    esp American (to take out) two hamburgers to go deux hamburgers à emporter!
    (a) (move) circuler; (of rumour) courir;
    ∎ policemen usually go about in pairs en général, les policiers circulent par deux;
    ∎ you can't go about saying things like that! il ne faut pas raconter des choses pareilles!
    (b) Nautical (change tack) virer de bord
    (a) (get on with) s'occuper de;
    ∎ to go about one's business vaquer à ses occupations
    (b) (set about) se mettre à;
    ∎ she showed me how to go about it elle m'a montré comment faire ou comment m'y prendre;
    ∎ how do you go about applying for the job? comment doit-on s'y prendre ou faire pour postuler l'emploi?
    (c) (country) parcourir
    ∎ her son goes about with an older crowd son fils fréquente des gens plus âgés que lui;
    ∎ he's going about with Rachel these days il sort avec Rachel en ce moment
    traverser
    traverser;
    ∎ your brother has just gone across to the shop ton frère est allé faire un saut au magasin en face
    (a) (follow) suivre
    (b) (pursue, seek → criminal) poursuivre; (→ prey) chasser; (→ job, prize) essayer d'obtenir;
    ∎ he goes after all the women il court après toutes les femmes;
    ∎ I'm going after that job je vais essayer d'obtenir cet emploi
    (a) (disregard) aller contre, aller à l'encontre de;
    ∎ she went against my advice elle n'a pas suivi mon conseil;
    ∎ I went against my mother's wishes je suis allé contre ou j'ai contrarié les désirs de ma mère
    (b) (conflict with) contredire;
    ∎ that goes against what he told me c'est en contradiction avec ou ça contredit ce qu'il m'a dit;
    ∎ the decision went against public opinion la décision est allée à l'encontre de ou a heurté l'opinion publique;
    ∎ it goes against my principles c'est contre mes principes
    (c) (be unfavourable to → of luck, situation) être contraire à; (→ of opinion) être défavorable à; (→ of behaviour, evidence) nuire à, être préjudiciable à;
    ∎ the verdict went against the defendant le verdict a été défavorable à l'accusé ou a été prononcé contre l'accusé;
    ∎ if luck should go against him si la chance lui était contraire;
    ∎ her divorce may go against her winning the election son divorce pourrait nuire à ses chances de gagner les élections
    (a) (precede) passer devant;
    ∎ he went ahead of us il est parti avant nous;
    ∎ I let him go ahead of me in the queue je l'ai fait passer devant moi dans la queue
    (b) (proceed) aller de l'avant;
    ∎ go ahead! tell me! vas-y! dis-le-moi!;
    ∎ the mayor allowed the demonstrations to go ahead le maire a permis aux manifestations d'avoir lieu;
    ∎ the move had gone ahead as planned le déménagement s'était déroulé comme prévu;
    ∎ to go ahead with sth démarrer qch;
    ∎ they're going ahead with the project after all ils ont finalement décidé de mener le projet à bien;
    ∎ he went ahead and did it (without hesitating) il l'a fait sans l'ombre d'une hésitation; (despite warnings) rien ne l'a arrêté
    (c) (advance, progress) progresser, faire des progrès
    ∎ go along and ask your mother va demander à ta mère;
    ∎ she went along with them to the fair elle les a accompagnés ou elle est allée avec eux à la foire;
    ∎ we can talk it over as we go along nous pouvons en discuter en chemin ou en cours de route;
    ∎ I just make it up as I go along j'invente au fur et à mesure
    (b) (progress) se dérouler, se passer;
    ∎ things were going along nicely tout allait ou se passait bien
    (c) (go to meeting, party etc) aller
    (decision, order) accepter, s'incliner devant; (rule) observer, respecter;
    ∎ that's what they decided and I went along with it c'est la décision qu'ils ont prise et je l'ai acceptée;
    ∎ I go along with the committee on that point je suis d'accord avec ou je soutiens le comité sur ce point;
    ∎ I can't go along with you on that je ne suis pas d'accord avec vous là-dessus;
    ∎ he went along with his father's wishes il s'est conformé aux ou a respecté les désirs de son père
    (a) (habitually) passer son temps à;
    ∎ he goes around mumbling to himself il passe son temps à radoter;
    ∎ she just goes around annoying everyone elle passe son temps à énerver tout le monde;
    ∎ he goes around in black leather il se promène toujours en ou il est toujours habillé en cuir noir
    (b) (document, illness) circuler; (gossip, rumour) courir, circuler
    ∎ will that belt go around your waist? est-ce que cette ceinture sera assez grande pour toi?
    familiar (attack → food) attaquer, se jeter sur; (→ job, task) s'attaquer à; (→ person) attaquer;
    ∎ they were still going at it the next day ils y étaient encore le lendemain;
    ∎ she went at the cleaning with a will elle s'est attaquée au nettoyage avec ardeur
    partir, s'en aller;
    ∎ go away! va-t'en!;
    ∎ I'm going away for a few days je pars pour quelques jours;
    ∎ she's gone away to think about it elle est partie réfléchir
    (a) (return) revenir, retourner;
    ∎ she went back to bed elle est retournée au lit, elle s'est recouchée;
    ∎ to go back to sleep se rendormir;
    ∎ they went back home ils sont rentrés chez eux ou à la maison;
    ∎ I went back downstairs/upstairs je suis redescendu/remonté;
    ∎ to go back to work (continue task) se remettre au travail; (return to place of work) retourner travailler; (return to employment) reprendre le travail;
    ∎ to go back on one's steps rebrousser chemin, revenir sur ses pas;
    ∎ let's go back to chapter two revenons ou retournons au deuxième chapitre;
    ∎ we went back to the beginning nous avons recommencé;
    ∎ let's go back to why you said that revenons à la question de savoir pourquoi vous avez dit ça;
    ∎ the clocks go back one hour today on retarde les pendules d'une heure aujourd'hui
    (b) (retreat) reculer;
    ∎ go back! recule!
    (c) (revert) revenir;
    ∎ we went back to the old system nous sommes revenus à l'ancien système;
    ∎ he went back to his old habits il a repris ses anciennes habitudes;
    ∎ the conversation kept going back to the same subject la conversation revenait sans cesse sur le même sujet;
    ∎ men are going back to wearing their hair long les hommes reviennent aux cheveux longs ou se laissent à nouveau pousser les cheveux
    (d) (in time) remonter;
    ∎ our records go back to 1850 nos archives remontent à 1850;
    ∎ this building goes back to the Revolution ce bâtiment date de ou remonte à la Révolution;
    ∎ familiar we go back a long way, Brad and me ça remonte à loin, Brad et moi
    (e) (extend, reach) s'étendre;
    ∎ the garden goes back 150 metres le jardin s'étend sur 150 mètres
    (fail to keep → agreement) rompre, violer; (→ promise) manquer à, revenir sur;
    ∎ they went back on their decision ils sont revenus sur leur décision;
    ∎ he won't go back on his word il ne manquera pas à sa parole
    (precede) passer devant; (happen before) précéder;
    ∎ that question has nothing to do with what went before cette question n'a rien à voir avec ce qui précède ou avec ce qui a été dit avant;
    ∎ the election was like nothing that had gone before l'élection ne ressemblait en rien aux précédentes;
    ∎ euphemism those who have gone before (the dead) ceux qui nous ont précédés
    (a) (precede) précéder;
    ∎ we are indebted to those who have gone before us nous devons beaucoup à ceux qui nous ont précédés
    ∎ your suggestion will go before the committee votre suggestion sera soumise au comité;
    ∎ to go before a judge/jury passer devant un juge/un jury;
    ∎ the matter went before the court l'affaire est allée devant les tribunaux
    Nautical descendre dans l'entrepont
    ➲ go by
    (pass → car, person) passer; (→ time) passer, s'écouler;
    ∎ as the years go by avec les années, à mesure que les années passent;
    ∎ in days or in times or in years gone by autrefois, jadis;
    ∎ to let an opportunity go by laisser passer une occasion
    (a) (act in accordance with, be guided by) suivre, se baser sur;
    ∎ don't go by the map ne vous fiez pas à la carte;
    ∎ I'll go by what the boss says je me baserai sur ce que dit le patron;
    ∎ he goes by the rules il suit le règlement
    (b) (judge by) juger d'après;
    ∎ going by her accent, I'd say she's from New York si j'en juge d'après son accent, je dirais qu'elle vient de New York;
    ∎ you can't go by appearances on ne peut pas juger d'après ou sur les apparences
    ∎ to go by a different/false name être connu sous un nom différent/un faux nom;
    ∎ the product goes by the name of "Bango" in France ce produit est vendu sous le nom de "Bango" en France
    ➲ go down
    (a) (descend, move to lower level) descendre;
    ∎ he went down on all fours or on his hands and knees il s'est mis à quatre pattes;
    ∎ going down! (in lift) on descend!, pour descendre!
    (b) (proceed, travel) aller;
    ∎ we're going down to Tours/the country/the shop nous allons à Tours/à la campagne/au magasin
    (c) (set → moon, sun) se coucher, tomber
    (d) (sink → ship) couler, sombrer; (→ person) couler, disparaître (sous l'eau)
    (e) (decrease, decline → level, price, quality) baisser; (→ amount, numbers) diminuer; (→ rate, temperature) baisser, s'abaisser; (→ fever) baisser, tomber; (→ tide) descendre;
    ∎ the dollar is going down in value le dollar perd de sa valeur, le dollar est en baisse;
    ∎ eggs are going down (in price) le prix des œufs baisse;
    ∎ my weight has gone down j'ai perdu du poids;
    ∎ he's gone down in my estimation il a baissé dans mon estime;
    ∎ the neighbourhood's really gone down since then le quartier ne s'est vraiment pas arrangé depuis;
    ∎ to have gone down in the world avoir connu des jours meilleurs
    (f) (become less swollen → swelling) désenfler, dégonfler; (→ balloon, tyre) se dégonfler
    (g) (food, medicine) descendre;
    ∎ this wine goes down very smoothly ce vin se laisse boire (comme du petit-lait)
    ∎ a cup of coffee would go down nicely une tasse de café serait la bienvenue;
    ∎ his speech went down badly/well son discours a été mal/bien reçu;
    ∎ how will the proposal go down with the students? comment les étudiants vont-ils prendre la proposition?;
    ∎ that kind of talk doesn't go down well with me je n'apprécie pas du tout ce genre de propos
    (i) (lose) être battu;
    ∎ Mexico went down to Germany le Mexique s'est incliné devant l'Allemagne;
    ∎ Madrid went down to Milan by three points Milan a battu Madrid de trois points;
    ∎ I'm not going to go down without a fight je me battrai jusqu'à la fin
    (j) (be relegated) descendre;
    ∎ our team has gone down to the second division notre équipe est descendue en deuxième division
    (k) (be noted, recorded) être noté; (in writing) être pris ou couché par écrit;
    ∎ this day will go down in history ce jour restera une date historique;
    ∎ she will go down in history as a woman of great courage elle entrera dans l'histoire grâce à son grand courage
    (l) (reach as far as) descendre, s'étendre;
    ∎ this path goes down to the beach ce sentier va ou descend à la plage
    (m) (continue as far as) aller, continuer;
    ∎ go down to the end of the street allez ou continuez jusqu'en bas de la rue
    (n) British University entrer dans la période des vacances
    (p) Computing tomber en panne; (of computer network) planter;
    ∎ the computer's gone down l'ordinateur est en panne
    (q) Music (lower pitch) descendre
    ∎ how long do you think he'll go down for? il écopera de combien, à ton avis?;
    ∎ he went down for three years il a écopé de trois ans
    (s) American familiar (happen) se passer□
    (hill, stairs, ladder, street) descendre;
    ∎ my food went down the wrong way j'ai avalé de travers;
    ∎ Music the pianist went down an octave le pianiste a joué une octave plus bas ou a descendu d'une octave;
    ∎ British School to go down a class descendre d'une classe;
    ∎ figurative I don't want to go down that road je ne veux pas m'engager là-dedans
    vulgar (fellate) sucer, tailler ou faire une pipe à; (perform cunnilingus on) sucer, brouter le cresson à
    tomber malade de;
    ∎ he went down with pneumonia/the flu il a attrapé une pneumonie/la grippe
    (a) (fetch) aller chercher;
    ∎ he went for a doctor il est allé ou parti chercher un médecin
    (b) (try to obtain) essayer d'obtenir, viser;
    ∎ she's going for his job elle va essayer d'obtenir son poste;
    ∎ familiar go for it! vas-y!;
    ∎ I'd go for it if I were you! à ta place, je n'hésiterais pas!;
    ∎ she was really going for it elle donnait vraiment son maximum
    (c) (attack → physically) tomber sur, s'élancer sur; (→ verbally) s'en prendre à;
    ∎ dogs usually go for the throat en général, les chiens attaquent à la gorge;
    ∎ they went for each other (physically) ils se sont jetés l'un sur l'autre; (verbally) ils s'en sont pris l'un à l'autre;
    ∎ the newspapers really went for the senator les journaux s'en sont pris au sénateur sans retenue;
    ∎ go for him! (to dog) attaque!
    (d) familiar (like) aimer□, adorer□ ;
    ∎ I don't really go for that idea l'idée ne me dit pas grand-chose;
    ∎ he really goes for her in a big way il est vraiment fou d'elle
    (e) (choose, prefer) choisir, préférer
    (f) (apply to, concern) concerner, s'appliquer à;
    ∎ what I said goes for both of you ce que j'ai dit vaut pour ou s'applique à vous deux;
    ∎ pollution is a real problem in Paris - that goes for Rome too la pollution pose un énorme problème à Paris - c'est la même chose à Rome;
    ∎ and the same goes for me et moi aussi
    (g) (have as result) servir à;
    ∎ his twenty years of service went for nothing ses vingt ans de service n'ont servi à rien
    ∎ she has a lot going for her elle a beaucoup d'atouts;
    ∎ that idea hasn't got much going for it frankly cette idée n'est franchement pas très convaincante
    (a) (leave) sortir;
    ∎ the army went forth into battle l'armée s'est mise en route pour la bataille;
    ∎ Bible go forth and multiply croissez et multipliez-vous
    (b) (be pronounced) être prononcé; (be published) paraître;
    ∎ the command went forth that… il fut décrété que…
    (s')avancer;
    ∎ the clocks go forward tomorrow on avance les pendules demain;
    ∎ if this scheme goes forward… si ce projet est accepté…
    (a) (enter) entrer, rentrer;
    ∎ it's cold - let's go in il fait froid - entrons;
    ∎ it's too big, it won't go in c'est trop grand, ça ne rentrera pas
    (b) (disappear → moon, sun) se cacher
    (c) Sport (in cricket) prendre son tour au guichet
    (d) Military (attack) attaquer
    (a) (engage in → activity, hobby, sport) pratiquer, faire; (→ occupation) se consacrer à; (→ politics) s'occuper de, faire;
    ∎ she went in for company law elle s'est lancée dans le droit commercial;
    ∎ he thought about going in for teaching il a pensé devenir enseignant
    (b) familiar (be interested in) s'intéresser à□ ; (like) aimer□ ;
    ∎ I don't go in much for opera je n'aime pas trop l'opéra, l'opéra ne me dit rien;
    ∎ he goes in for special effects in a big way il est très branché effets spéciaux;
    ∎ we don't go in for that kind of film nous n'aimons pas ce genre de film;
    ∎ this publisher doesn't really go in for fiction cet éditeur ne fait pas tellement dans le roman
    ∎ they don't go in for injections so much nowadays ils ne sont pas tellement pour les piqûres de nos jours;
    ∎ why do scientists go in for all that jargon? pourquoi est-ce que les scientifiques utilisent tout ce jargon?
    (d) (take part in → competition, race) prendre part à; (→ examination) se présenter à
    (e) (apply for → job, position) poser sa candidature à, postuler
    (a) (enter → building, house) entrer dans; (→ activity, profession) entrer à ou dans; (→ politics, business) se lancer dans;
    ∎ she's gone into hospital elle est (r)entrée à l'hôpital;
    ∎ to go into the army (as profession) devenir militaire de carrière; (as conscript) partir au service;
    ∎ he went into medicine il a choisi la médecine
    (b) (be invested → of effort, money, time)
    ∎ a lot of care had gone into making her feel at home on s'était donné beaucoup de peine pour la mettre à l'aise;
    ∎ two months of research went into our report nous avons mis ou investi deux mois de recherche dans notre rapport
    (c) (embark on → action) commencer à; (→ explanation, speech) se lancer ou s'embarquer dans, (se mettre à) donner; (→ problem) aborder;
    ∎ I'll go into the problem of your taxes later j'aborderai le problème de vos impôts plus tard;
    ∎ the car went into a skid la voiture a commencé à déraper;
    ∎ to go into hysterics avoir une crise de nerfs;
    ∎ to go into fits of laughter être pris d'un fou rire
    (d) (examine, investigate) examiner, étudier;
    ∎ you need to go into the question more deeply vous devez examiner le problème de plus près;
    ∎ the matter is being gone into l'affaire est à l'étude
    (e) (explain in depth) entrer dans;
    ∎ the essay goes into the moral aspects of the question l'essai aborde les aspects moraux de la question;
    ∎ I won't go into details je ne vais pas entrer dans les détails;
    ∎ let's not go into that ne parlons pas de ça
    (f) (begin to wear) se mettre à porter;
    ∎ to go into mourning prendre le deuil
    (g) (hit, run into) entrer dans;
    ∎ a car went into him une voiture lui est rentrée dedans
    (h) Computing (file, program) aller dans;
    ∎ to go into a file aller dans un fichier
    ➲ go off
    (a) (leave) partir, s'en aller;
    ∎ she went off to work elle est partie travailler;
    ∎ her husband has gone off and left her son mari l'a quittée;
    ∎ Theatre the actors went off les acteurs ont quitté la scène
    (b) (stop operating → light, radio) s'éteindre; (→ heating) s'éteindre, s'arrêter; (→ pain) partir, s'arrêter;
    ∎ the electricity went off l'électricité a été coupée
    (c) (become activated → bomb, firework) exploser; (→ gun) partir; (→ alarm, alarm clock) sonner;
    ∎ the grenade went off in her hand la grenade a explosé dans sa main;
    ∎ the gun didn't go off le coup n'est pas parti;
    ∎ figurative to go off into fits of laughter être pris d'un fou rire
    ∎ the interview went off badly/well l'entretien s'est mal/bien passé;
    ∎ her speech went off well son discours a été bien reçu
    (e) (fall asleep) s'endormir
    (f) British (deteriorate → food) s'avarier, se gâter; (→ milk) tourner; (→ butter) rancir; (→ athlete, sportsperson) perdre sa forme;
    ∎ the play goes off in the second half la pièce se gâte pendant la seconde partie
    British familiar (stop liking) perdre le goût de□ ;
    ∎ he's gone off classical music/smoking il n'aime plus la musique classique/fumer, la musique classique/fumer ne l'intéresse plus;
    ∎ I've gone off the idea cette idée ne me dit plus rien;
    ∎ she's gone off her boyfriend son copain ne l'intéresse plus;
    ∎ funny how you can go off people c'est drôle comme on se lasse des gens parfois
    (a) (leave with) partir avec;
    ∎ he went off with the woman next door il est parti avec la voisine
    (b) (make off with) partir avec;
    ∎ someone has gone off with his keys quelqu'un est parti avec ses clés;
    ∎ he went off with the jewels il s'est enfui avec les bijoux
    ➲ go on
    (a) (move, proceed) aller; (without stopping) poursuivre son chemin; (after stopping) repartir, se remettre en route;
    ∎ you go on, I'll catch up allez-y, je vous rattraperai (en chemin);
    ∎ they went on without us ils sont partis sans nous;
    ∎ after dinner they went on to Susan's house après le dîner, ils sont allés chez Susan;
    ∎ we went on home nous sommes rentrés
    (b) (continue action) continuer;
    ∎ she went on (with her) reading elle a continué à ou de lire;
    ∎ the chairman went on speaking le président a continué son discours;
    ∎ "and that's not all", he went on "et ce n'est pas tout", a-t-il poursuivi;
    ∎ you can't go on being a student for ever! tu ne peux pas être étudiant toute ta vie!;
    ∎ go on looking! cherchez encore!;
    ∎ go on, ask her vas-y, demande-lui;
    ∎ familiar go on, be a devil vas-y, laisse-toi tenter!;
    ∎ go on, I'm listening continuez, je vous écoute;
    ∎ I can't go on like this! je ne peux plus continuer comme ça!;
    ∎ if he goes on like this, he'll get fired s'il continue comme ça, il va se faire renvoyer;
    ∎ their affair has been going on for years leur liaison dure depuis des années;
    ∎ the party went on into the small hours la soirée s'est prolongée jusqu'à très tôt le matin;
    ∎ life goes on la vie continue ou va son train;
    ∎ British familiar go on (with you)! allons, arrête de me faire marcher!;
    ∎ they have enough (work) to be going on with ils ont du pain sur la planche ou de quoi faire pour le moment;
    ∎ here's £25 to be going on with voilà 25 livres pour te dépanner
    ∎ he went on to explain why il a ensuite expliqué pourquoi;
    ∎ to go on to another question passer à une autre question;
    ∎ she went on to become a doctor elle est ensuite devenue médecin
    (d) (be placed, fit) aller;
    ∎ the lid goes on this way le couvercle se met comme ça;
    ∎ I can't get the lid to go on je n'arrive pas à mettre le couvercle;
    ∎ the cap goes on the other end le bouchon se met ou va sur l'autre bout
    (e) (happen, take place) se passer;
    ∎ what's going on here? qu'est-ce qui se passe ici?;
    ∎ there was a fight going on il y avait une bagarre;
    ∎ a lot of cheating goes on during the exams on triche beaucoup pendant les examens;
    ∎ several conversations were going on at once il y avait plusieurs conversations à la fois;
    ∎ while the war was going on pendant la guerre
    (f) (elapse) passer, s'écouler;
    ∎ as the week went on au fur et à mesure que la semaine passait;
    ∎ as time goes on avec le temps, à mesure que le temps passe
    (g) familiar (chatter, talk) parler□, jacasser□ ;
    ∎ she does go on! elle n'arrête pas de parler!, c'est un vrai moulin à paroles!;
    ∎ he goes on and on about politics il parle politique sans cesse;
    ∎ don't go on about it! ça va, on a compris!;
    ∎ I don't want to go on about it, but... je ne voudrais pas avoir l'air d'insister, mais...;
    ∎ what are you going on about now? qu'est-ce que vous racontez?
    (h) familiar (act, behave) se conduire□, se comporter□ ;
    ∎ what a way to go on! en voilà des manières!
    (i) (start operating → light, radio, television) s'allumer; (→ heating, motor, power) s'allumer, se mettre en marche
    (j) Sport (player) prendre sa place, entrer en jeu
    (k) Theatre (actor) entrer en scène
    ∎ he's going on for forty il va sur ses quarante ans
    (a) (enter → boat, train) monter dans
    ∎ to go on a journey/a holiday partir en voyage/en vacances;
    ∎ to go on a diet se mettre au régime
    (c) (be guided by) se laisser guider par, se fonder ou se baser sur;
    ∎ the detective didn't have much to go on le détective n'avait pas grand-chose sur quoi s'appuyer ou qui puisse le guider;
    ∎ she goes a lot on instinct elle se fie beaucoup à ou se fonde beaucoup sur son instinct
    ∎ he's going on forty-five il va sur ses quarante-cinq ans;
    ∎ humorous she's fifteen going on forty-five (wise) elle a quinze ans mais elle est déjà très mûre; (old beyond her years) elle a quinze ans mais elle est vieille avant l'âge
    (e) British familiar (usu neg) (appreciate, like) aimer□ ;
    ∎ I don't go much on abstract art l'art abstrait ne me dit pas grand-chose
    familiar (criticize) critiquer□ ; (nag) s'en prendre à□ ;
    ∎ the boss went on and on at her at the meeting le patron n'a pas cessé de s'en prendre à elle pendant la réunion;
    ∎ he's always going on at his wife about money il est toujours sur le dos de sa femme avec les questions d'argent;
    ∎ I went on at my mother to go and see the doctor j'ai embêté ma mère pour qu'elle aille voir le médecin;
    ∎ don't go on at me! laisse-moi tranquille!
    (a) (leave) sortir;
    ∎ my parents made us go out of the room mes parents nous ont fait sortir de la pièce ou quitter la pièce;
    ∎ to go out for a meal aller au restaurant;
    ∎ to go out to dinner sortir dîner;
    ∎ to go out for a walk aller se promener, aller faire une promenade;
    ∎ she's gone out to get a paper elle est sortie (pour) acheter un journal;
    ∎ they went out to the country ils sont allés ou ils ont fait une sortie à la campagne;
    ∎ she goes out to work elle travaille en dehors de la maison ou hors de chez elle;
    ∎ he went out of her life il est sorti de sa vie;
    ∎ she was dressed to go out (ready to leave) elle était prête à sortir; (dressed up) elle était très habillée
    (b) (travel) partir; (emigrate) émigrer;
    ∎ they went out to Africa (travelled) ils sont partis en Afrique; (emigrated) ils sont partis vivre ou ils ont émigré en Afrique
    (c) (date) sortir;
    ∎ to go out with sb sortir avec qn;
    ∎ we've been going out together for a month ça fait un mois que nous sortons ensemble
    (d) (fire, light) s'éteindre
    (e) (disappear) disparaître;
    ∎ the joy went out of her eyes la joie a disparu de son regard;
    ∎ the spring went out of his step il a perdu sa démarche légère;
    ∎ all the heart went out of her elle a perdu courage
    (f) (cease to be fashionable) passer de mode, se démoder;
    ∎ to go out of style/fashion ne plus être le bon style/à la mode;
    ∎ familiar that hairstyle went out with the ark cette coiffure remonte au déluge
    (g) (tide) descendre, se retirer;
    ∎ the tide has gone out la marée est descendue, la mer s'est retirée;
    ∎ the tide goes out 6 kilometres la mer se retire sur 6 kilomètres
    ∎ I went out to see for myself j'ai décidé de voir par moi-même;
    ∎ we have to go out and do something about this il faut que nous prenions des mesures ou que nous fassions quelque chose
    (i) (be sent → letter) être envoyé; (be published → brochure, pamphlet) être distribué; (be broadcast → radio or television programme) être diffusé
    (j) (feelings, sympathies) aller;
    ∎ our thoughts go out to all those who suffer nos pensées vont vers tous ceux qui souffrent;
    ∎ my heart goes out to her je suis de tout cœur avec elle dans son chagrin
    (k) Sport (be eliminated) être éliminé;
    ∎ Agassi went out to Henman Agassi s'est fait sortir par Henman
    (l) Cards terminer
    ∎ she went all out to help us elle a fait tout son possible pour nous aider□
    ➲ go over
    ∎ I just saw a plane go over je viens de voir passer un avion
    ∎ I went over to see her je suis allé la voir;
    ∎ they went over to talk to her ils sont allés lui parler;
    ∎ to go over to Europe aller en Europe
    (c) (turn upside down) se retourner; (capsize → boat) chavirer, capoter
    (d) (change, switch) changer;
    ∎ I've gone over to another brand of washing powder je viens de changer de marque de lessive;
    ∎ when will we go over to the metric system? quand est-ce qu'on va passer au système métrique?
    (e) (change allegiance) passer, se joindre;
    ∎ he's gone over to the Socialists il est passé dans le camp des socialistes;
    ∎ she went over to the enemy elle est passée à l'ennemi
    (f) (be received) passer;
    ∎ the speech went over badly/well le discours a mal/bien passé
    (a) (move, travel over) passer par-dessus;
    ∎ the horse went over the fence le cheval a sauté (par-dessus) la barrière;
    ∎ we went over a bump on a pris une bosse
    (b) (examine → argument, problem) examiner, considérer; (→ accounts, report) examiner, vérifier;
    ∎ would you go over my report? voulez-vous regarder mon rapport?
    (c) (repeat) répéter; (review → notes, speech) réviser, revoir; (→ facts) récapituler, revoir; School réviser;
    ∎ she went over the interview in her mind elle a repassé l'entretien dans son esprit;
    ∎ I kept going over everything leading up to the accident je continuais de repenser à tous les détails qui avaient conduit à l'accident;
    ∎ let's go over it again reprenons, récapitulons;
    ∎ he goes over and over the same stories il rabâche les mêmes histoires
    (d) (rehearse) refaire; (bars of music) rejouer; (sing) rechanter
    ∎ let's go over now to our Birmingham studios passons l'antenne à notre studio de Birmingham;
    ∎ we're going over live now to Paris nous allons maintenant à Paris où nous sommes en direct
    (move in front of) passer devant; (move beyond) dépasser
    ∎ is there enough cake to go round? est-ce qu'il y a assez de gâteau pour tout le monde?;
    ∎ to make the food go round ménager la nourriture
    (b) (visit) aller;
    ∎ we went round to his house nous sommes allés chez lui;
    ∎ I'm going round there later on j'y vais plus tard
    (c) (circulate → rumour) circuler, courir; (→ bottle, cold, flu) circuler
    (d) (be continuously present → idea, tune)
    ∎ that song keeps going round in my head j'ai cette chanson dans la tête
    (e) (spin → wheel) tourner;
    ∎ figurative my head's going round j'ai la tête qui tourne
    (f) (make a detour) faire un détour;
    ∎ to go round the long way faire un long détour
    (tour → museum) faire le tour de;
    ∎ I hate going round the shops j'ai horreur de faire les boutiques
    (a) (crowd, tunnel) traverser;
    ∎ figurative a shiver went through her un frisson l'a parcourue ou traversée
    (b) (endure, experience) subir, souffrir;
    ∎ he's going through hell c'est l'enfer pour lui;
    ∎ we all have to go through it sometime on doit tous y passer un jour ou l'autre;
    ∎ I can't face going through all that again je ne supporterais pas de passer par là une deuxième fois;
    ∎ after everything she's gone through après tout ce qu'elle a subi ou enduré;
    ∎ we've gone through a lot together nous avons vécu beaucoup de choses ensemble
    (c) (consume, use up → supplies) épuiser; (→ money) dépenser; (→ food) consommer; (wear out) user;
    ∎ she goes through a pair of tights a week elle use une paire de collants par semaine;
    ∎ I've gone through the toes of my socks j'ai usé ou troué mes chaussettes au bout;
    ∎ humorous how many assistants has he gone through now? combien d'assistants a-t-il déjà eus?;
    ∎ his novel has gone through six editions il y a déjà eu six éditions de son roman
    (d) (examine → accounts, document) examiner, vérifier; (→ list, proposal) éplucher; (→ mail) dépouiller; (→ drawer, pockets) fouiller (dans); (→ files) chercher dans; (sort) trier;
    ∎ we went through the contract together nous avons regardé ou examiné le contrat ensemble;
    ∎ did customs go through your suitcase? est-ce qu'ils ont fouillé votre valise à la douane?;
    ∎ he went through her pockets il a fouillé ses poches
    (e) (of bill, law) être voté;
    ∎ the bill went through Parliament last week le projet de loi a été voté la semaine dernière au Parlement
    (f) (carry out, perform → movement, work) faire; (→ formalities) remplir, accomplir;
    ∎ Music let's go through the introduction again reprenons l'introduction;
    ∎ we had to go through the whole business of applying for a visa nous avons dû nous farcir toutes les démarches pour obtenir un visa
    (g) (participate in → course of study) étudier; (→ ceremony) participer à
    (h) (practise → lesson, poem) réciter; (→ role, scene) répéter;
    ∎ let's go through it again from the beginning reprenons dès le début
    (a) (travel through, penetrate) passer, traverser
    (b) (offer, proposal) être accepté; (business deal) être conclu, se faire; (bill, law) passer, être voté; (divorce) être prononcé;
    ∎ the adoption finally went through l'adoption s'est faite finalement
    ∎ to go through with sth aller jusqu'au bout de qch, exécuter qch;
    ∎ he'll never go through with it il n'ira jamais jusqu'au bout;
    ∎ they went through with their threat ils ont exécuté leur menace
    (a) (colours, flavours) aller bien ensemble; (characteristics, ideas) aller de pair;
    ∎ the two things often go together les deux choses vont souvent de pair
    (b) American (people) sortir ensemble
    (a) (move towards) aller vers
    (b) (effort, money) être consacré à;
    ∎ all her energy went towards fighting illiteracy elle a dépensé toute son énergie à combattre l'analphabétisme
    (a) (go down → ship) couler, sombrer; (→ person) couler, disparaître (sous l'eau)
    (b) figurative (fail → business) couler, faire faillite; (→ project) couler, échouer; (→ person) échouer, sombrer
    (a) (move, travel underneath) passer par-dessous
    ∎ to go under a false/different name utiliser ou prendre un faux nom/un nom différent;
    ∎ a glue that goes under the name of Stikit une colle qui s'appelle Stikit
    ➲ go up
    (a) (ascend, climb → person) monter, aller en haut; (→ lift) monter;
    ∎ to go up to town aller en ville;
    ∎ I'm going up to bed je monte me coucher;
    ∎ have you ever gone up in an aeroplane? êtes-vous déjà monté en avion?;
    ∎ going up! (in lift) on monte!;
    ∎ to go up in the world faire son chemin
    (b) (increase → amount, numbers) augmenter, croître; (→ price) monter, augmenter; (→ temperature) monter, s'élever;
    ∎ rents are going up les loyers sont en hausse;
    ∎ meat is going up (in price) (le prix de) la viande augmente;
    ∎ to go up in sb's estimation monter dans l'estime de qn
    (c) (sudden noise) s'élever;
    ∎ a shout went up un cri s'éleva
    (d) (appear → notices, posters) apparaître; (be built) être construit;
    ∎ new buildings are going up all over town de nouveaux immeubles surgissent dans toute la ville
    (e) (explode, be destroyed) sauter, exploser
    (g) Theatre (curtain) se lever;
    ∎ before the curtain goes up avant le lever du rideau
    (h) British University entrer à l'université;
    ∎ she went up to Oxford in 1950 elle est entrée à Oxford en 1950
    ∎ he went up for murder il a fait de la taule pour meurtre
    ∎ they look set to go up to the First Division ils ont l'air prêts à entrer en première division
    monter;
    ∎ to go up a hill/ladder monter une colline/sur une échelle;
    ∎ Music the pianist went up an octave le pianiste a monté d'une octave;
    ∎ British School to go up a class monter d'une classe
    ∎ to go up to sb/sth se diriger vers qn/qch;
    ∎ the path goes up to the front door le chemin mène à la porte d'entrée
    ∎ the book only goes up to the end of the war le livre ne va que jusqu'à la fin de la guerre;
    ∎ I will go up to £100 je veux bien aller jusqu'à 100 livres
    (a) (accompany, escort) accompagner, aller avec;
    ∎ figurative to go with the crowd suivre la foule ou le mouvement;
    ∎ you have to go with the times il faut vivre avec son temps
    (b) (be compatible → colours, flavours) aller avec;
    ∎ that hat doesn't go with your suit ce chapeau ne va pas avec ton ensemble;
    ∎ a white Burgundy goes well with snails le bourgogne blanc se marie bien ou va bien avec les escargots
    (c) (be part of) aller avec;
    ∎ the flat goes with the job l'appartement va avec le poste;
    ∎ the sense of satisfaction that goes with having done a good job le sentiment de satisfaction qu'apporte le travail bien fait;
    ∎ mathematical ability usually goes with skill at chess des capacités en mathématiques vont souvent de pair avec un don pour les échecs
    (d) familiar (spend time with) sortir avec□ ;
    ∎ euphemism he's been going with other women (having sex) il a été avec d'autres femmes
    se passer de, se priver de;
    ∎ he went without sleep or without sleeping for two days il n'a pas dormi pendant deux jours
    s'en passer;
    ∎ we'll just have to go without il faudra s'en passer, c'est tout
    ⓘ Do not pass go, (do not collect £200/$200) Au Monopoly les joueurs tirent parfois une carte qui les envoie sur la case "prison". Sur cette carte sont inscrits les mots do not pass go, do not collect £200 (ou bien do not collect $200 s'il s'agit de la version américaine). Cette phrase, dont la version française est "ne passez pas par la case départ, ne recevez pas 20 000 francs", est utilisée de façon allusive et sur le mode humoristique dans différents contextes: on dira par exemple you do that again and you're going straight to jail, Bill. Do not pass go, do not collect $200 ("refais ça, Bill, et je t'assure que tu iras droit en prison). On peut également utiliser cette expression lorsque quelqu'un essaie de mener un projet à bien mais rencontre des obstacles: the country is trying hard to get back on its feet but because of the civil war it has not even been allowed to pass go, let alone collect £200 ("le pays fait de son mieux pour se rétablir mais la guerre civile n'arrange rien, bien au contraire").
    ⓘ Go ahead, make my day C'est la formule prononcée par l'inspecteur Harry Callahan (incarné par Clint Eastwood) dans le film Sudden Impact (1983) lorsqu'il se trouve confronté à un gangster. Il s'agit d'une façon d'encourager le bandit à se servir de son arme afin de pouvoir l'abattre en état de légitime défense: "allez, vas-y, fais-moi plaisir". On utilise cette formule par allusion au film et en réaction à une personne qui vient de proférer des menaces. Ainsi, le président Reagan s'en servit en s'adressant à des travailleurs qui menaçaient de se mettre en grève.

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > go

  • 17 ὅς

    ὅς [(A)], ἥ, ὅ, gen. οὗ, ἧς, οὗ, etc. ; dat. pl. οἷς, αἷς, οἷς, etc.: [dialect] Ep. forms, gen. ὅου (prob. replacing Οο) in the phrases
    A

    ὅου κλέος οὔ ποτ' ὀλεῖται Il.2.325

    , h.Ap. 156 ;

    ὅου κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον Od.1.70

     (elsewh.

    οὗ Il. 7.325

    , al., never οἷο); fem.

    ἕης Il.16.208

     (perh. imitation of ὅου; elsewh. only

    ἧς 5.265

    , al.); dat. pl. οἷς, οἷσι, ᾗς, ᾗσι (never αἷς or αἷσι in Hom.):—Pron. used,
    A as demonstr. by the side of οὗτος, ὅδε, and the Art. ὁ, ἡ, τό : in post-Homeric Gr. this use survived only in a few special phrases.
    B as a Relat. by the side of the Art. ὅ, ἥ, τό (v. ὁ, ἡ, τό, c):—this demonstr. and Relat. Pron. must not be confounded with the Possess. ὅς, ἥ, ὅν. (With Gr. Relat. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ cf. Skt. Relat. yas, yā, yad, Lith. jis, ji (he, she), Oslav. i, ja, je (he, she, it).)
    A DEMONSTR. PRON., = οὗτος, ὅδε, this, that; also, he, she, it:
    I Homeric usage: this form only occurs in the nom. masc. and neut. ὅς, ὅ, and perh. nom. fem. ἥ and nom. pl. οἵ, the other cases being supplied by ὁ, ἡ, τό ([etym.] ὅ, ἡ, τό); most codd. have ἥ in Il.17.551, Od. 24.255, al., and this (as also οἵ ) can be referred equally to either (on the accent v. ὁ, ἡ, τό): with γάρ or

    καί, ὃς γὰρ δεύτατος ἦλθεν 1.286

     ;

    ἀλλὰ καὶ ὃς δείδοικε Il.21.198

     ;

    ὃ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων Od.24.190

    , Il.23.9, cf. 12.344 : freq. used emphatically in apodosi, mostly with οὐδέ or μηδέ before it,

    μηδ' ὅν τινα γαστέρι μήτηρ κοῦρον ἐόντα φέροι, μηδ' ὃς φύγοι Il.6.59

    , cf. 7.160, Od.4.653 : after a part., εἰς ἕτερον γάρ τίς τε ἰδών.., ὃς σπεύδει (for ὅστις ἂν ἴδῃ, ὃς σπεύδει) Hes.Op.22.
    II in later Gr. this usage remained in a few forms:
    1 at the beginning of a clause, καὶ ὅς and he, Hdt.7.18, X.Smp.1.15, Pl. Phd. 118, Prt. 310d ; καὶ ἥ and she, καὶ οἵ and they, Hdt.8.56,87, Pl. Smp. 201e, X.An.7.6.4.
    2

    ὃς καὶ ὅς

     such and such a person,

    Hdt.4.68

    :—here also the Art. supplied the obl. cases.
    3 ἦ δ' ὅς, ἦ δ' ἥ, said he, said she, v. ἠμί.
    4 in oppositions, where it sts. answers to the Art.,

    Λέριοι κακοί· οὐχ ὁ μέν, ὃς δ' οὔ.. Phoc.1

     ;

    ὃς μὲν.., ὃ δὲ.. Mosch.3.76

    ;

    ὃ μὲν.., ὃς δὲ.., ὃ δὲ.., ὃς δὲ.. Bion 1.81

     ; so

    τῷ μὲν.., ᾧ δὲ.., ᾧ δὲ.. AP6.187

     (Alph.); ὃ μὲν.., ὃ δὲ.., ὃ δὲ.. (neut.) Ev.Matt.13.8 ;

    ἂ μὲν.., ἃ δὲ.. Heraclit.102

    , Archyt. ap. Stob.3.1.110 ;

    ὧν μὲν.., ὧν δὲ.. Philem.99

     ;

    πόλεις ἃς μὲν.., ἃς δὲ.. D.18.71

     (as v. l.): so in [dialect] Dor. dat. fem. as Adv.,

    ᾇ μὲν.., ᾇ δὲ.. Tab.Heracl.1.81

     ;

    ἐφ' ὧν μὲν.., ἐφ' ὧν δὲ.. Arist.EN 1109a1

     : very freq. in late Prose, Arr.Epict.3.25.1, etc.: also answering to other Prons.,

    ἑτέρων.., ὧν δὲ.. Philem.31.6

     ;

    ἐφ' ᾧ μὲν.., ἐπὶ θατέρῳ δὲ.. Arist. HA 564a21

    , etc.
    B RELAT. PRON., who, which.—By the side of the simple Relat., ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (in Hom. also ὁ, ἡ, τό), we find in common use the compd. forms ὅστε, ὅστις and ὅτις, ὅσπερ and ὅπερ, ὅς γε (q. v.).
    0-0USAGE of the Relat. Pron. (the foll. remarks apply to ὅς γε, ὅσπερ, ὅστε, ὅστις, as well as to ὅς, and to ὁ, ἡ, τό as relat.):
    I in respect of CONCORD.—Prop. it agrees in gender and number with the Noun or Pron. in the antec. clause.—But this rule admits of many exceptions:
    1 the Relat. mayagree with the gender implied, not expressed, in the antec.,

    φίλον θάλος, ὃν τέκον αὐτή Il.22.87

    ;

    τέκνων, οὓς ἤγαγε E.Supp.12

     : so after collective Nouns, the Relat. is freq. put in pl. in the gender implied in the Noun,

    λαόν.., οὕς.. Il.16.369

     ; στρατιάν.. τοιαύτην.., οἵ τινες.., τὸ ναυτικόν, οἵ.., Th.6.91,3.4 ;

    πλήθει, οἵπερ.. Pl.Phdr. 260a

     ; esp. after the names of countries or cities, Τηλέπυλον Λαιστρυγονίην ἀφίκανεν, οἳ.. (i. e. to Telepylos of the Laestrygonians, who..) Od.23.319 ;

    τὰς Ἀθήνας, οἵ γε.. Hdt.7.8

    .

    β' ; Μέγαρα.., οὓς.. Th.6.94

    : it also may agree with the Noun or Pron. implied in an Adj., Θηβαίας ἐπισκοποῦντ' ἀγυιάς, τάν.. the streets of Thebes, which.., S.Ant. 1137 (lyr.); τοὺς Ἡρακλείους παῖδας, ὃς.. the children of Heracles, who.., E.HF 157;

    τῆς ἐμῆς ἐπεισόδου, ὅν..

     of me whom..,

    S.OC 731

    ; τὸν ἥμισύν ἐστ' ἀτελὴς τοῦ χρόνου· εἶθ' ἧς πᾶσι μέτεστι.., where ἧς agrees with ἀτελείας implied in ἀτελής, D.20.8.
    2 when the antec. Noun in sg. implies a class, the Relat. is sts. in pl., ἦ μάλα τις θεὸς ἔνδον, οἳ.. ἔχουσιν (for τις θεῶν, οἵ.. ) Od.19.40 ;

    κῆτος, ἃ μυρία βόσκει.. Ἀμφιτρίτη

     one of the thousands, which..,

    12.97

     ;

    αὐτουργός, οἵπερ..

     one of those who..,

    E.Or. 920

    : rare in Prose,

    ἀνὴρ καλός τε κἀγαθός, ἐν οἷς οὐδαμοῦ σὺ φανήσει γεγονώς D.18.310

    , cf. Lys.1.32.
    3 reversely, the sg. Relat. may follow a pl. antec., where the relat. clause refers to each individual ; but in this case ὅστις or ὃς ἄν is mostly used, ἀνθρώπους τίνυσθον, ὅ τις κ' ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσῃ, for ἀνθρώπων τινά, ὅς κε.., Il.3.279 ; πάντα.., ὅ τι νοοίης, i.e. anything which.., Ar.Nu. 1381 : rarely ὅς alone, τὰ λίνεα [ ὅπλα], τοῦ τάλαντον ὁ πῆχυς εἷλκε a cubit's length where of.., Hdt.7.36.
    4 the Relat. is sts. in the neut., agreeing rather with the notion implied in the antec. than with the Noun itself, διὰ τὴν πλεονεξίαν, ὃ πᾶσα φύσις διώκειν πέφυκεν for profit's sake—a thing which.., Pl.R. 359c, cf. Lg. 849d;

    τοὺς Φωκέας, ὃ σιωπᾶν εἰκὸς ἦν

     a name which..,

    D.19.44

     ; γυναῖκας, ἐφ' ὅπερ.. women, for dealings with whom, E.Ba. 454.
    5 with Verbs of naming, the Relat. freq. agrees with the name added as a predicate, rather than with the antec.,

    ξίφος, τὸν ἀκινάκην καλέουσι Hdt.7.54

    ;

    τὴν ἄκρην, αἳ καλεῦνται Κληΐδες Id.5.108

    , cf. 2.17, 124, etc.
    II in respect of CONSTRUCTION.—Prop., the Relat. is governed by the Noun or Verb in its own clause.—But it is freq. thrown by attraction into the case of the antec. (prob. not in Hom., ἧς in Il.5.265, cf. 23.649, can be expld. otherwise), ἀπὸ παιδεύσιος, τῆς ἐπεπαίδευτο (for τῇ or τήν) Hdt.4.78; freq. in [dialect] Att., Th.7.21, etc.: esp. where a Demonstr. Pron. is unexpressed, while the Relat. takes its case, οὐδὲν ὧν λέγω (for οὐδὲν τούτων ἃ λ.) S.El. 1048, 1220, etc.; ξὺν ᾧπερ εἶχον οἰκετῶν (for ξὺν τούτῳ ὅνπερ) Id.OC 334 ; ἀνθ' ὧν ἂν ἐμοὶ δανείσῃς (for ἀντὶ τούτων ἅ.. ) X.Cyr.3.1.34 ; πρὸς οἷς ἐκτήσαντο (for πρὸς τούτοις ἅ.. ) Pl.Grg. 519a, etc.: the Demonstr. Pron. sts follows,

    ἀφ' ὧν ἐγένεσθε ἀγαθοί, ἀπὸ τούτων ὠφελεῖσθαι Th.3.64

    , cf. D.8.23,26.—This attraction is rare, exc. when the acc. passes into the gen. or dat. (v. supr.): sts. nom. is so attracted, οὐδὲν εἰδότες τῶν ἦν (for τούτων ἃ ἦν) Hdt.1.78; ἀφ' ὧν παρεσκεύασται (for ἀπὸ τούτων ἃ π.) Th.7.67: also dat., ὧν ἐγὼ ἐντετύχηκα οὐδείς (for τούτων οἷς.. ) Pl.Grg. 509a.
    b reversely the antec. passes into the case of the Relat., φυλακὰς δ' ἃς εἴρεαι.., οὔτις (for φυλακῶν.. οὔτις) Il.10.416; τὰς στήλας, τὰς ἵστα, αἱ πλεῦνες.. (for τῶν στηλῶν.. αἱ πλεῦνες) Hdt.2.106: so also when the Noun follows the Relat. clause, it may be put in apposition with the Relat.,

    Κύκλωπος κεχόλωται, ὃν ὀφθαλμοῦ ἀλάωσεν, ἀντίθεον Πολύφημον Od.1.69

    , cf. 4.11, Il.3.123, A.Th. 553, E.Hec. 771, 986, Hipp. 101, etc.
    2 the Demonstr. Pron. or the Noun with an Art. is sts. transferred to the Relat. clause, Ἰνδὸν ποταμόν, ὃς κροκοδείλους δεύτερος οὗτος.. παρέχεται the river Indus, being the second river which.., Hdt.4.44;

    σφραγῖδα.., ἣν ἐπὶ δέλτῳ τήνδε κομίζεις E.IA 156

     (anap.);

    φοβούμεθα δέ γε.. δόξαν.., ὃν δὴ καὶ καλοῦμεν τὸν φόβον ἡμεῖς γε αἰσχύνην Pl.Lg. 647a

    .
    3 the Relat. in all cases may govern a partit. gen., ἀθανάτων ὅς τίς σε.. any one of the immortals who.., Od.15.35, cf. 25,5.448, etc.;

    οἳ.. τῶν ἀστῶν Hdt.7.170

     ;

    οὓς.. βαρβάρων A.Pers. 475

     ;

    ᾧ.. τῶν ἡνιόχων Pl. Phdr. 247b

     : freq. in neut., ἐς ὃ δυνάμιος to what a height of power, Hdt.7.50 ; οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ κάμνει τοῦ λόγου; what part of thy speech, E. Ion 363; ᾧπερ τῆς τέχνης ἐπίστευον in which particular of their art.., Th. 7.36 ; τὰ μακρὰ τείχη, ἃ σφῶν.. εἶχον which portion of their territory, Id.4.109, etc.: rarely in such forms as ἕξουσι δ' ἣν λάβωσιν ἐν ταφῇ χθονός (for ὃ χθονός) A.Th. 819 ( χθόνα cj. Brunck).
    III in respect of the Moods which follow the Relat.:
    1 when the Relat. is equivalent to καί + demonstr. (ὅς = and he..) any mood may follow which may be found in independent clauses: ἦλθε τὸ ναυτικὸν τὸ τῶν βαρβάρων, ὃ τίς οὐκ ἂν ἰδὼν ἐφοβήθη; Lys.2.34 ;

    ὁ δ' εἰς τὸ σῶφρον ἐπ' ἀρετήν τ' ἄγων ἔρως ζηλωτὸς ἀνθρώποισιν· ὧν εἴην ἐγώ E.Fr. 672

     ;

    ἐλπίς, ᾗ μόνῃ σωθεῖμεν ἄν Id.Hel. 815

     ; εἰς καλὸν ἡμῖν Ἄνυτος ὅδε παρεκαθέζετο, ᾧ μεταδῶμεν τῆς σκέψεως to whom let us.., Pl.Men. 89e ; ὃν ὑμεῖς.. νομίσατε which I would have you think.., Lys.19.61: so the inf. in orat. obliq., ἔτι δὲ.. προσετίθει χρήματα οὐκ ὀλίγα, οἷς χρήσεσθαι αὐτούς (sc. ἔφη) Th.2.13: for the inf. after ἐφ' ᾧ τε, v. ἐπί B. 111.3.
    2 after ὅς, ὅστις, = whoever, in collective hypothetical sense (= if A + if B + if C..), the same moods are used as after εἰ:
    a [tense] pres. ind.,

    τῷδ' ἔφες ἀνδρὶ βέλος.. ὅς τις ὅδε κρατέει Il.5.175

     ;

    κλῦθι, ἄναξ, ὅτις ἐσσί Od.5.445

     ; δουληΐην.., ἥτις ἐστί (as we say) whatever it is, Hdt.6.12 ; ὅ τι ἀνὴρ καὶ γυνή ἐστι πλὴν παιδίων all that are man and woman, Id.2.60 ;

    Ζεύς, ὅστις ποτ' ἐστίν A.Ag. 160

     (lyr.): also after

    ὅς, ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος.. ὃς πενίῃ εἴκων ἀπατήλια βάζει Od.14.157

    , etc.
    b subj. with ἄν ([etym.] κεν) or, in poetry, without ἄν:

    ξυνίει ἔπος ὅττι κεν εἴπω 19.378

     ;

    οὐ δηναιὸς ὃς ἀθανάτοισι μάχηται Il.5.407

     :—in such cases the opt. is used after secondary tenses,

    Τρῶας ἄμυνε νεῶν, ὅς τις φέροι ἀκάματον πῦρ 15.731

    , cf. Hes.Sc. 480 ;

    πάντας ἑξῆς, ὅτῳ ἐντύχοιεν,.. κτείνοντες Th.7.29

    , cf. Pl.Ap. 21a, etc.
    c sts. opt. without ἄν after a primary tense,

    ὃν πόλις στήσειε, τοῦδε χρὴ κλύειν S.Ant. 666

     ; after an opt.,

    ἔρδοι τις ἣν ἕκαστος εἰδείη τέχνην Ar.V. 1431

    .
    IV peculiar Idioms:
    1 in Homer and correct writers, when two coordinate Relat. clauses were joined by καί or δέ, the Relat. Pron. was freq. replaced in the second clause by the demonstr. even though the case was changed, ἄνδρα.., ὃς μέγα πάντων Ἀργείων κρατέει καί οἱ πείθονται Ἀχαιοί (for καὶ ᾧ) Il.1.78 ; ὅου κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον.. · Θόωσα δέ μιν τέκε νύμφη (for ὃν τέκε) Od.1.70, cf. 14.85, etc. ; and this sts. even without the demonstr. being expressed, δοίη δ' ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι καί οἱ κεχαρισμένος ἔλθοι (for καὶ ὅς οἱ) 2.54, cf. 114 ; οὕς κεν ἐΰ γνοίην καί τ' οὔνομα μυθησαίμην (for καὶ ὧν) Il.3.235 ; ᾗ χαλκὸς μὲν ὑπέστρωται, χαλκὸν δ' ἐπίεσται (nom. supplied) Orac. ap. Hdt.1.47 ;

    ἃς ἐπιστήμας μὲν προσείπομεν.., δέονται δὲ ὀνόματος ἄλλου Pl.R. 533d

    .
    2 the neut. of the Relat. is used in [dialect] Att. to introduce a clause qualifying the whole of the principal clause which follows: the latter clause is commonly introduced by γάρ, ὅτι, εἰ, ἐπειδή, etc.,

    ὃ δὲ δεινότατόν γ' ἐστὶν ἁπάντων, ὁ Ζεὺς γὰρ.. ἕστηκεν κτλ. Ar.Av. 514

    , cf. D.19.211, etc.;

    ὃ δὲ πάντων σχετλιώτατον, εἰ.. βουλευσόμεθα Isoc.6.56

     ;

    ὃ μὲν πάντων θαυμαστότατον ἀκοῦσαι, ὅτι.. Pl. R. 491b

    , cf.Ap. 18c: also without any Conj.,

    ὃ δὲ πάντων δεινότατόν ἐστι, τοιοῦτος ὢν κτλ. And.4.16

    ;

    ὃ δ' ἠπάτα σε πλεῖστον.., ηὔχεις κτλ. E.El. 938

    : c. inf.,

    ὃ δὲ πάντων δεινότατον, τὴν ἀδελφὴν ὑποδέξασθαι Lys.19.33

     (but ὑποδέξασθαι < δεῖ> is prob. cj.), etc.:—so also the neut. pl. ἅ may mean with reference to that which, ἃ δ'.. ἐστί σοι λελεγμένα, πᾶν κέρδος ἡγοῦ.. as to what has been said.., E.Med. 453, cf. Hdt.3.81, S.OT 216, Ar.Eq. 512, etc.
    3 in many instances the Gr. Relat. must be resolved into a Conj. and Pron., θαυμαστὸν ποιεῖς, ὃς ἡμῖν οὐδὲν δίδως (= ὅτι σὺ) X.Mem.2.7.13, cf. Lys.7.23 codd., Pl.Smp. 204b, etc.: very freq. in conditional clauses, for εἴ or

    ἐάν τις, βέλτερον ὃς... προφύγῃ κακόν, ἠὲ ἁλώῃ Il.14.81

    , cf. Hes.Op. 327 ;

    συμφορὰ δ', ὃς ἂν τύχῃ κακῆς γυναικός E.Fr. 1056

     ;

    τὸ δ' εὐτυχές, οἳ ἂν.. λάχωσι κτλ. Th.2.44

    ;

    τὸ καλῶς ἄρξαι τοῦτ' εἶναι, ὃς ἂν τὴν πατρίδα ὠφελήσῃ Id.6.14

    .
    4 the Relat. freq. stands where we should use a final Conj. or the inf., ἄγγελον ἧκαν, ὃς ἀγγείλειε sent a messenger to tell.., Od. 15.458 ;

    κλητοὺς ὀτρύνομεν, οἵ κε τάχιστα ἔλθωσ'

     that they may..,

    Il. 9.165

     : and freq. with [tense] fut. ind., πρέσβεις ἄγουσα, οἵπερ φράσουσι (v.l. φράσωσι) to tell.., Th.7.25 ;

    πέμψον τιν', ὅστις σημανεῖ E.IT 1209

     (troch.), cf. X.HG2.3.2, Mem.2.1.14: so with [tense] fut. opt.,

    ὀργάνου, ᾧ τὴν τροφὴν δέξοιτο Pl.Ti. 33c

    : also for ὥστε, after οὕτω, ὧδε, etc., οὐκ ἔστιν οὕτω μῶρος, ὃς θανεῖν ἐρᾷ (for ὥστε ἐρᾶν) S.Ant. 220, cf. Hdt.4.52, E.Alc. 198, Ar.Ach. 737, etc.
    5 ὅς is freq. used where we should expect οἷος, as μαθὼν ὃς εἶ φύσιν what thou art, S.Aj. 1259, cf. E.Alc. 640, Pl. Euthd. 283d, etc.
    6 ὅς is sts. = ὅστις or τις in indirect clauses,

    γνώσῃ.. ὅς.. ἡγεμόνων κακὸς ἠδ' ὅς κ' ἐσθλὸς ἔῃσι Il.2.365

     (perh. felt as Relat.); ὃς ἦν ὁ ἀναδέξας, οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν I cannot tell who it was that.., Hdt.6.124 ;

    γενομένης λέσχης ὃς γένοιτο.. ἄριστος Id.9.71

     (in 4.131,6.37,7.37, τί θέλει ([etym.] θέλοι ) has been conjectured for τὸ of the Mss.); so in [dialect] Att.,

    ἐγῷδ' ὅς ἐστι, Κλεισθένης ὁ Σιβυρτίου Ar.Ach. 118

    , cf. 442, Av. 804, Pl.59, 369, S.OT 1068, OC 1171 ;

    πέμπει πρὸς τὸν Κῦρον, εἰπὼν ὃς ἦν X.Cyr.6.1.46

    , cf. D.52.7;

    δηλώσας ὃς ἦν Arist.Po. 1452a26

     ;

    γράψας παρ' οὗ κομιούμεθα PCair.Zen.150.11

     (iii B. C.).
    b later ὅς = τίς even in direct questions, ἐφ' ὃ πάρει ; Ev.Matt.26.50 ; ἣν δοκεῖς; Arr.Epict.4.1.120 (both dub.).
    7 in exclamations,

    ὦ Ἡράκλεις, ἃ πέπονθα Men.Epit. 146

    .     0-1A a. the Relat. Pron. joined with Particles or Conjs.:
    I ὅς γε, v. ὅσγε.
    II ὃς δή, v. δή 11.2 ; ὃν δήποτε τρόπον in some way or other, Arist.Metaph. 1090a6 ; ὁδήποτε, ἁδήποτε, anything or things whatever, Id.EN 1167a35, 1164a25 ; [full] ὁσδηποτοῦν, Euc.Phaen.p.10 M., Dsc.5.10, Jul.Or.1.18c, IG22.1121.30 (iv A. D.); [full] ὁσδηποτεοῦν, IGRom. 4.915 (Cibyra, i A. D.), IG22.1368.133 (ii A. D.); [full] ὁσδητισοῦν (in [dialect] Boeot. form ὁσδειτισῶν), ib.7.3081.5 (Lebad.) ; [full] ὁσποτοῦν, Dicaearch.2.4.
    III ὃς καί, v. καί B. 6; but καὶ ὅς and who (which), D.23.68.
    2

    Ἀπολλώνιον ὃν καὶ Φᾶβι A.

    , called also Ph., Wilcken Chr.11 A52 (ii B. C.), etc.: for nom. sg. masc. v. καί B. 2.
    IV ὅς κε or κεν, [dialect] Att. ὃς ἄν, whosoever, who if any.., v. ἄν B. 1.2.
    2 ὅς κε is also used so as to contain the antec. in itself, much like εἴ τις as νεμεσσῶμαί γε μὲν οὐδὲν κλαίειν, ὅς κε θάνῃσι I am not wroth that men should weep for whoever be dead, Od.4.196: ὅστις is also used in this way, cf.

    ὅστις 1

    .
    V ὅσπερ, ὅστε, ὅστις, v. sub vocc.     0-2A b. abs. usages of certain Cases of the Relat. Pron.:
    I gen. sg. οὗ, of Place,
    1 like ὅπου, where, A.Pers. 486, S.OC 158 (lyr.), etc.;

    οὗ δή A.Pr. 814

    , v.l. in Pl.Phdr. 248b, etc.;

    οὗπερ A.Th. 1016

    , S. Aj. 1237, OC77, etc.; also of circumstances,

    οὗ γὰρ τοιούτων δεῖ, τοιοῦτός εἰμ' ἐγώ Id.Ph. 1049

     ;

    εἰ γένοιο οὗ νῦν εἰμί Pl.Smp. 194a

    , etc.;

    ἔστιν οὗ

     in some places,

    E.Or. 638

     ;

    οὗ μέν.., οὗ δέ..

     in some places.., in others..,

    Arist.Oec. 1345b34

     : c. gen., οὐκ εἶδεν οὗ γῆς εἰσέδυ in what part of the earth, E.IA[ 1583];

    ἐννοεῖς οὗ ἐστὶ.. τοῦ ἀναμιμνήσκεσθαι Pl.Men. 84a

     ;

    συνιδὼν οὗ κακῶν ἦν Luc.Tox.17

    .
    2 in pregnant phrases, μικρὸν προϊόντες..,οὗ ἡ μάχη ἐγένετο (for ἐκεῖσε οὗ) X.An.2.1.6 ; so

    οὗπερ προσβεβοηθήκει Th.2.86

    , cf. 1.134 ; ἀπιὼν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, οὗ κατέφυγε (for οἷ κατέφυγε καὶ οὗ ἦν) X.Cyr.5.4.14 (dub. l.);

    ἐπειδὰν ἱζήσωμεν οὗ ἄγεις Philostr.Her.Prooem.13

    : in later Gr. οὗ was used simply for οἷ, οὗπερ ἂν ἔλθῃ Tim069, cf. Ev.Luc.10.1, etc.: but in early writers this is f. l., as in D.21.74, etc.
    II dat. fem. ᾗ, [dialect] Dor. ᾇ, of Place, where, or Manner, as, v. ᾗ.
    III old loc. οἷ, as Adv., v. οἷ.
    2 old abl. (?) ὧ, in [dialect] Dor. (cf. ϝοίκω), τηνῶθε καθεῖλον, ὧ ( whence)

    μ' ἐκέλευ καθελεῖν τυ Theoc.3.11

     ;

    ἐν τᾷ πόλι, ὧ κ' ᾖ, καρῡξαι ἐν τἀγορᾷ IG9(1).334.21

     ([dialect] Locr., v B. C.).
    2 in [dialect] Att. ὅ, for which reason, E.Hec.13, Ph. 155, 263, Ar.Ec. 338: also acc. neut. pl. ἅ in this sense, S.Tr. 137 (lyr.), Isoc.8.122.
    3 whereas, Th.2.40,3.12, Ep.Rom.6.10, Ep.Gal.2.20.
    V

    ἀφ' οὗπερ

     from the time that..,

    A.Pers. 177

    .
    VI ἐφ' ᾧ, v. ἐπί B. 111.3.
    ------------------------------------
    ὅς [(B)], ἥ, ὅν (not ὅ, v. Il.1.609,21.305, Od.11.515), gen.
    A

    οἷο Il.3.333

    , Od.1.330, al.,

    οὗ 23.150

    , al. ; Cret. [full] ϝός Leg.Gort.1.18,al., SIG 1183 ; so in [dialect] Aeol., Sapph.Supp.1.6, Lyr.Adesp.32, cf. A.D.Pron. 107.11 :—POSSESS. PRON.:
    I of the 3 pers., his, her, put either before or after its Noun, ᾧ πενθερῷ, ὃν θυμόν, etc., Il.6.170, 202, etc. ;

    ἧς ἀρχῆς IG12.761

     ; πόσιος οὗ, πατέρι ᾧ, Od.23.150,3.39, etc.: sts. also with Art.,

    τὰ ἃ κῆλα Il.12.280

     ;

    τὰ ἃ δώματα Od.14.153

    , etc.; also in Lyr., Pi.O.5.8, P.6.36 (elsewh. Pi. prefers ἑός), B.5.47: sts. in Trag.,

    λέσχας ἇς A.Eu. 367

     (lyr.);

    ὧν παίδων S.OC 1639

     (iamb.);

    ἐκγόνοισιν οἷς E.Med. 955

     (iamb.): with Art.,

    λιτῶν τῶν ὧν A.Th. 641

     ;

    ὅπλων τῶν ὧν S.Aj. 442

    ;

    τῶν ὧν τέκνων Id.Tr. 266

    , cf. 525 (lyr.);

    τοῖς οἷσιν αὐτοῦ Id.OT 1248

    : so in Cret. Prose,

    τὰ ϝὰ αὐτᾶς Leg.Gort. 2.46

     ; in Thgn.1009, ὧν αὐτοῦ κτεάνων is to be restd. for τῶν.. from IG12.499 ; once in Hdt.,

    γυναῖκα ἥν 1.205

    ; never in [dialect] Att. Prose.
    II of the 2 pers., for σός, thy, thine, Hes.Op. 381, AP7.539 (Pers.), Mosch.4.77(dub. in Hom., v. infr.); and
    III of the I pers., for ἐμός, my, mine, Od.9.28,13.320, A.R.4.1015, 1036.—Signfs. II and III were denied for Homer by Aristarch., see esp. A.D.Pron.109.20 ; in Od.9.28 and 34 he (or at least A. D. l.c.) rendered ἧς γαίης and πατρίδος 'a man's own fatherland', and athetized Od.13.320: in Il.14.221, 264,16.36,19.174, al., φρεσὶ σῇσιν has better Ms. authority than φρεσὶν ᾗσιν; and in Od.15.542, cf. 1.402, δώμασι σοῖσιν than δώμασιν οἷσιν; v. ἑός. (Cogn. with Skt. σϝάς 'his (my, thy) own', Slav. stem. svo- (used of all 3 persons, as in Skt.): I.-E. swo- was related to I.-E. sewo-, v. ἑός.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὅς

  • 18 some

    some [sʌm]
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
       a. ( = a certain amount of, a little) du, de la de l'
    • some tea/ice cream/water du thé/de la glace/de l'eau
    • would you like some more meat? voulez-vous encore un peu de viande ?
       b. ( = a certain number of) des
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► de is sometimes used before an adjective.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
       c. (indefinite) un, une
       d. ( = a certain) if you are worried about some aspect of this proposal... si un aspect quelconque de cette proposition vous préoccupe...
    • in some ways, he's right par certains côtés, il a raison
    • some people say that... il y a des gens qui disent que...
       f. ( = a considerable amount of) it took some courage to do that! il a fallu du courage pour faire ça !
       g. ( = a limited) this will give you some idea of... cela vous donnera une petite idée de...
    • that's some consolation! c'est quand même une consolation !
    • surely there's some hope she will recover? il y a tout de même quelque espoir qu'elle guérisse ?
    • you're some help! (ironic) tu parles d'une aide ! (inf)
    • he says he's my friend -- some friend! (ironic) il dit être mon ami -- drôle d'ami ! (inf)
       a. ( = as opposed to others) certain(e)s m(f)pl
    • some cheered, others shouted abuse certains applaudissaient, d'autres criaient des injures
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► Note the use of d'entre with personal pronouns.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
       b. ( = not all) quelques-un(e)s m(f)pl
    • I don't want them all, but I'd like some je ne les veux pas tous mais j'en voudrais quelques-uns
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► Even if not expressed, of them must be translated in French by en.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
       c. ( = a certain amount or number when object of the verb) en
    • have some! prenez-en !
    • do you need stamps? -- it's okay, I've got some est-ce que tu as besoin de timbres ? -- non, ça va, j'en ai
       d. ( = a part) une partie
    ► ... and then some (inf)
       a. ( = about) environ
       b. ( = a bit) (inf)
    * * *
    Note: When some is used as a quantifier to mean an unspecified amount of something, it is translated by du, de l' before vowel or mute h, de la or des according to the gender and number of the noun that follows: I'd like some bread = je voudrais du pain; have some water = prenez de l'eau; we've bought some beer = nous avons acheté de la bière; they've bought some peaches = ils ont acheté des pêches
    But note that where some is followed by an adjective preceding a plural noun, de alone is used in all cases: some pretty dresses = de jolies robes
    When some is used as a pronoun it is translated by en which is placed before the verb in French: would you like some? = est-ce que vous en voulez?; I've got some = j'en ai
     [sʌm] 1.
    determiner, quantifier
    2) (certain: in contrast to others) certains

    in some ways, I agree — d'une certaine façon, je suis d'accord

    4) (a little, a slight)
    5) péj (an unspecified, unknown)

    a car of some sort —

    6) (colloq) ( a remarkable)

    that's some woman ou man! — c'est quelqu'un!

    7) (colloq) ( not much)

    some help you are! — iron c'est ça que tu appelles aider!

    ‘I'd like the work to be finished by Monday’ - ‘some hope!’ — ‘j'aimerais que le travail soit fini avant lundi’ - ‘tu rêves (colloq)!’

    2.
    2) (certain ones: in contrast to others)
    3.
    1) ( approximately) environ

    some £50 — autour de 50 livres sterling

    2) (colloq) US ( a lot) un peu

    from here to the town center in 5 minutes, that's going some — (colloq) aller d'ici au centre ville en 5 minutes, il faut le faire

    ••

    some people! — ah vraiment, il y a des gens!

    English-French dictionary > some

  • 19 sum

    1.
    sum, fui, esse (2d pers. es, but usu. es in Plaut and Ter; old forms, indic. pres. esum for sum, acc. to Varr. L. L. 9, § 100 Mull.: essis for es, Att. ap. Non. 200, 30, or Trag. Rel. p. 283 Rib.: simus for sumus, used by Augustus, acc. to Suet. Aug. 87; fut. escit for erit, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25:

    esit, XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. nec, p. 162 Mull.: escunt for erunt,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60, 3, 3, 9; Lucr. 1, 619; perf. fuvimus for fuimus, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 168:

    FVVEIT, C. I. L. 1, 1051: fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 23; id. Mil. 3, 1, 159:

    fuerim,

    id. ib. 4, 8, 54:

    fuerit,

    id. As. 4, 1, 37; subj. pres. siem, sies, siet, etc., very freq., esp. in Plaut.; e. g. siem, Am. prol. 57; Ter. And. 3, 4, 7:

    sies,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 43; Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:

    siet,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 58; Ter. And. 1, 4, 7; Lucr. 3, 101:

    sient,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 54; Ter. And. 2, 3, 16; cf. Cic. Or. 47, 157; also,

    fuam, fuas, etc., regarded by G. Curtius, de Aorist. Lat. Rel. in Studien zur Gr. u. Lat. Gram. 1, 431 sqq., as an aorist: fuam,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 48; id. Mil. 2, 6, 112: fuas, Liv. Andron. ap. Non 111, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 71; 2, 3, 83; id. Pers. 1, 1, 52; id. Trin. 2, 1, 32: fuat, Pac. ap. Non. 111, 8; Carm. ap. Liv. 25, 12; Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 2; id. Aul. 2, 2, 56; id. Capt. 2, 2, 10 et saep.; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 4; Lucr. 4, 639; Verg. A. 10, 108:

    fuant,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 110; id. Ep. 5, 1, 13; id. Ps. 4, 3, 12: fuvisset, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4; part. pres. ens, used by Caesar, acc. to Prisc. p. 1140 P.; and by Sergius Flavius, acc. to Quint. 8, 3, 33; fut. inf. fore for futurum esse, very freq., and so always with partt.; cf. Madv. Gram. § 108; whence, subj. imperf. forem fores, etc., for essem; esp. in conditional sentences and in the histt., but very rare in Cic.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 597 sqq.), v. n. [root es; Sanscr. as-mi, and the Greek es-mi, whence eimi; perf. fui; root in Sanscr. bhu, to become; bhavas, condition; Gr. phuô, to beget; cf.: fetus, futuo, etc.], to be, as a verb substantive or a copula.
    I.
    As a verb substantive, to be.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Asserting existence, to be, exist, live:

    definitionum duo sunt genera prima: unum earum rerum quae sunt: alterum earum quae intelleguntur. Esse ea dico, quae cerni tangive possunt, ut fundum, aedes, parietem, cetera. Non esse rursus ea dico, quae tangi demonstrarive non possunt, cerni tamen animo atque intellegi possunt, ut si usucapionem, si tutelam, etc.... definias,

    Cic. Top. 5, 26 sq.:

    si abest, nullus est,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 16:

    nunc illut est, quom me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,

    id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:

    ita paene nulla sibi fuit Phronesium ( = paene mortuus est),

    id. Truc. 1, 2, 95:

    omne quod eloquimur sic, ut id aut esse dicamus aut non esse,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:

    non statim, quod esse manifestum est, etiam quid sit apparet,

    Quint. 3, 6, 81: est locus, Hesperiam quam mortales perhibebant, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 23 Vahl.):

    flumen est Arar, quod, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

    homo nequissimus omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futuri sunt!

    Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

    si quos inter societas aut est aut fuit aut futura est,

    id. Lael. 22, 83:

    nec enim, dum ero, angar ulla re, cum omni vacem culpa: et, si non ero, sensu omnino carebo,

    id. Fam. 6, 3, 4:

    si modo futuri sumus, erit mihi res opportuna,

    id. Att. 11, 4, 1:

    si quando erit civitas, erit profecto nobis locus: sin autem non erit, etc.,

    id. Fam. 2, 16, 6:

    nolite arbitrari, me cum a vobis discessero, nusquam aut nullum fore,

    id. Sen. 22, 79:

    si erit ulla res publica... sin autem nulla erit,

    id. Fam. 2, 16, 5:

    fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium,

    Verg. A. 2, 325:

    sive erimus seu nos fata fuisse volunt,

    Tib. 3, 5, 32: per quinquennia decem fuimus, Prud. Cath. praef. 2.—
    2.
    Of events, to be, happen, occur, befall, take place:

    illa (solis defectio) quae fuit regnante Romulo,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    neque enim est periculum, ne, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 23, 37:

    amabo, quid tibi est?

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 24:

    quid se futurum esset,

    Liv. 33, 27. —
    3.
    Of location, to be present, to be at a place.
    (α).
    With adv., or other expressions of place:

    cum non liceret quemquam Romae esse, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 41, § 100:

    cum Athenis decem ipsos dies fuissem,

    id. Fam. 2, 8, 3; id. de Or. 2, 7, 27:

    cum Africanus constituisset in hortis esse,

    id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

    cum essemus in castris,

    id. ib. 1, 15:

    nonne mavis sine periculo tuae domi esse quam cum periculo alienae?

    id. Fam. 4, 7, 4:

    vos istic commodissime sperem esse,

    id. ib. 14, 7, 2: te hic tutissime puto fore, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—
    (β).
    Of passages in a book or writing, with in and abl., to be, stand, be written, etc.:

    deinceps in lege est, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    quid enim in illis (litteris) fuit praeter querelam temporum,

    id. Fam. 2, 16, 1.—
    (γ).
    Of personal relations, with ad or apud and acc., or cum and abl. of person:

    cum esset (Sulpicius Gallus) casu apud M. Marcellum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21:

    eram cum Stoico Diodoto: qui cum habitavisset apud me mecumque vixisset, etc.,

    id. Brut. 90, 309:

    erat nemo, quicum essem libentius quam tecum et pauci, quibuscum essem aeque libenter,

    id. Fam. 5, 21, 1:

    qui me admodum diligunt multumque mecum sunt,

    id. ib. 4, 13, 6; cf. with simul:

    Smyrnae cum simul essemus complures dies,

    id. Rep. 1, 8, 13.—Hence, esp.: esse cum aliquo (aliqua), to be with, i. e. live with, associate with, as husband or wife:

    cujus soror est cum P. Quintio,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    ea nocte mecum illa hospitis jussu fuit,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 101; Ov. A. A. 3, 664:

    cum hac (meretrice) si qui adulescens forte fuerit,

    Cic. Cael. 20, 49; Ov. Am. 2, 8, 27: tum ad me fuerunt, qui, etc., Varr. ap. Non. 133, 28:

    Curio fuit ad me sane diu,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 8:

    cum ad me bene mane Dionysius fuit,

    id. ib. 10, 16, 1; cf.:

    esse sub uno tecto atque ad eosdem Penates,

    Liv. 28, 18.—
    4.
    Of relations analogous to place, of dress, condition, position, office, etc., to be, live, be found, etc., with in and abl.:

    cum est in sagis civitas,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 32:

    in laxa toga,

    Tib. 2, 3, 78: sive erit in Tyriis, Tyrios laudabis amictus;

    Sive erit in Cois, Coa decere puta,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 297: hominem non modo in aere alieno nullo, sed in suis nummis multis esse et semper fuisse, Cic. Verr [p. 1798] 2, 4, 6, §

    11: in servitute,

    id. Clu. 7, 21:

    in illa opinione populari,

    id. ib. 51, 142:

    in magno nomine et gloria,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 31:

    in spe,

    id. Fam. 14, 3, 2:

    in tanta moestitia,

    id. Phil. 2, 15, 37:

    in odio,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 1:

    in probris, in laudibus,

    id. Off. 1, 18, 61:

    in officio,

    id. ib. 1, 15, 49:

    in injustitia,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 42:

    in vitio,

    id. ib. 1, 19, 62; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 19:

    ne in mora quom opus sit, sies,

    Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:

    ne in mora illi sis,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 9:

    hic in noxia'st,

    id. Phorm. 2, 1, 36:

    quae (civitas) una in amore atque in deliciis fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3:

    in ingenti periculo,

    Liv. 5, 47:

    in pace,

    id. 31, 29.—So with abl. without in, when qualified by an adj.:

    (statua) est et fuit tota Graecia summo propter ingenium honore et nomine,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87:

    si quis asperitate ea est et inmanitate naturae,

    id. Lael. 23, 87:

    ne quo periculo proprio existimares esse,

    id. Fam. 4, 15, 2 (B. and K. ex conj.:

    in periculo): ego sum spe bona,

    id. ib. 12, 28, 3:

    res nunc difficili loco mihi videtur esse,

    id. ib. 12, 28, 3:

    incredibili sum sollicitudine de tua valetudine,

    id. ib. 16, 15, 1; esp. in phrase periculo alicujus esse, to be at the risk of any one:

    rem illam suo periculo esse,

    id. Att. 6, 1, 6:

    ut quae in naves inposuissent, ab hostium tempestatisque vi publico periculo essent,

    Liv. 23, 49, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    dare nummos meo periculo,

    Dig. 46, 1, 24:

    communi periculo,

    ib. 13, 6, 21, § 1 (cf. II. B. 1. b. infra).—
    5.
    To depend upon, rest with, with in and abl.:

    res erat non in opinione dubia,

    Cic. Dom. 5, 11:

    sed totum est in eo, si, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    omnem reliquam spem in impetu esse equitum,

    Liv. 10, 14, 12:

    quoniam totum in eo sit, ne contrectentur pocula,

    Col. 12, 4, 3. —
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Esse (est, sunt, etc.) often stands without a subject expressed, or with an indef. subj., as antecedent of a rel.-clause, whose verb may be in the indic. or subj.; the former only when the subject is conceived as particular or limited, and actually existing; the latter always when it is conceived as indefinite; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 562 sq.; Roby, Gram. § 1686 sq.; Madv. Gram. § 365; but the distinctions usually drawn by grammarians are not always observed by the best writers; and the subjunctive is always admissible, being the prevailing construction after sunt qui in class. prose, and nearly universal in postAug. writers: sunt, qui (quae), there are those ( people or things) who ( that), or simply some.
    a.
    With indic.
    (α).
    Without subject expressed:

    mulier mane: sunt Qui volunt te conventam,

    Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 37:

    sunt hic quos credo inter se dicere,

    id. Cas. prol. 67:

    sunt quae te volumus percontari,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 47:

    quid est, quod tu gestas tabellas?

    id. ib. 1, 1, 10:

    quid est, quod tu me nunc optuere?

    id. Most. 1, 1, 69; cf.:

    quid hoc est, quod foris concrepuit?

    id. ib. 5, 1, 15:

    tun' is es, Qui in me aerumnam obsevisti?

    id. Ep. 4, 1, 34:

    quid est, quod tuo animo aegre est?

    id. Cas. 2, 2, 9; id. Cist. 4, 1, 3:

    at ego est quod volo loqui,

    id. As. 1, 3, 79:

    est quod te volo secreto,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30:

    sunt quos scio amicos esse, sunt quos suspicor,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 54:

    ita subitum'st, quod eum conventum volo,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 51:

    sunt quae ego ex te scitari volo,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 13:

    sed est quod suscenset tibi,

    Ter. And. 2, 6, 17:

    est quod me transire oportet,

    id. Hec. 2, 2, 31:

    quid sit quapropter te jussi, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 1, 7:

    sunt item quae appellantur alces,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 27 init.:

    (nationes) ex quibus sunt qui ovis vivere existimantur,

    id. ib. 4, 10 fin.:

    sunt qui putant posse te non decedere,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 25:

    sunt autem, qui putant non numquam complexione oportere supersederi,

    id. Inv. 1, 40, 72:

    quamquam sunt, qui propter utilitatem modo petendas putant amicitias,

    id. ib. 2, 55, 167:

    sunt autem quae praeterii,

    id. Att. 10, 4, 11:

    sunt, qui abducunt a malis ad bona, ut Epicurus. Sunt, qui satis putant ostendere, nihil inopinati accidisse... Sunt etiam qui haec omnia genera consolandi colligunt,

    id. Tusc. 3, 31, 76 Kuhn. N. cr.:

    sunt, qui, quod sentiunt, non audent dicere,

    id. Off. 1, 24, 84:

    Argiletum sunt qui scripserunt ab Argola, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 157 Mull.:

    sunt qui ita dicunt,

    Sall. C. 19, 4:

    sunt qui spiritum non recipiunt sed resorbent,

    Quint. 11, 3, 55:

    sunt, quos curriculo pulverem Olympicum Collegisse juvat,

    Hor. C. 1, 1, 3; cf. id. S. 1, 4, 24: sunt quibus unum opus est, etc., id. C. 1, 7, 5:

    sunt quibus in satira videor nimis acer,

    id. S. 2, 1, 1:

    sunt quorum ingenium nova tantum crustula promit,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 47.—
    (β).
    With a subject expressed by an indefinite word or clause:

    sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:

    est genus hominum qui se primos omnium esse volunt,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

    multae sunt causae, quam ob rem cupio abducere,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 65 Fleck. (Ussing, cupiam):

    erat quidam eunuchus, quem mercatus fuerat,

    id. ib. 3, 5, 21:

    multaeque res sunt in quibus de suis commodis viri boni multa detrahunt,

    Cic. Lael. 16, 57:

    sunt ejus aliquot orationes, ex quibus lenitas ejus perspici potest,

    id. Brut. 48, 177:

    fuerunt alia genera philosophorum, qui se omnes Socraticos esse dicebant,

    id. de Or. 3, 17, 62:

    nonnulli sunt, qui aluerunt, etc.,

    id. Cat. 1, 12, 301:

    sunt quidam, qui molestas amicitias faciunt, cum ipsi se contemni putant,

    id. Lael. 20, 72:

    sunt vestrum, judices, aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognoverunt,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56:

    multae et pecudes et stirpes sunt, quae sine procuratione hominum salvae esse non possunt,

    id. N. D. 2, 52, 130:

    sunt bestiae quaedam, in quibus inest aliquid simile virtutis, etc.,

    id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:

    permulta sunt, quae dici possunt, quare intellegatur, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 33, 94; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 22; id. Off. 1, 14, 43; 1, 20, 69; id. Div. 1, 54, 123:

    fuere complures, qui ad Catilinam initio profecti sunt,

    Sall. C. 39, 5: haec sunt, quae clamores et admirationes in bonis oratoribus efficiunt. Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 152:

    alia fuere, quae illos magnos fecere,

    Sall. C. 52, 21.—
    b.
    With. subj.: sunt, qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem;

    sunt qui nullum censeant fieri discessum,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

    sunt qui in rebus contrariis parum sibi constent,

    id. Off. 1, 21, 71:

    de impudentia singulari sunt qui mirentur,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6:

    est eisdem de rebus quod dici potest subtilius,

    id. Tusc. 3, 15, 32:

    praesto est qui neget rem ullam percipi esse sensibus,

    id. Ac. 2, 32, 101:

    quicquid est quod deceat, id, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sunt qui nolint tetigisse nisi illas, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 28:

    sunt qui Crustis et pomis viduas venentur avaras,

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 78:

    vestes Gaetulo murice tinctas Sunt qui non habeant, est qui non curet habere,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 182 et saep.—
    (β).
    With a more or less indefinite expression of the subject:

    sunt quidam e nostris, qui haec subtilius velint tradere et negent satis esse, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 31:

    rarum est quoddam genus eorum, qui se a corpore avocent,

    id. Div. 1, 49, 111:

    quotus igitur est quisque qui somniis pareat?

    id. ib. 2, 60, 125; id. de Or. 2, 50, 196:

    solus est hic, qui numquam rationes ad aerarium referat,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 98:

    quae quibusdam admirabilia videntur, permulti sunt, qui pro nihilo putent,

    id. Lael. 23, 86:

    erat nemo in quem ea suspicio conveniret,

    id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65, cf.:

    quis enim miles fuit, qui Brundisii illam non viderit? quis, qui nescierit, etc.,

    id. Phil. 2, 25, 61:

    sit aliquis, qui nihil mali habeat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85:

    sunt nonnullae disciplinae, quae officium omne pervertant,

    id. Off. 1, 2, 5:

    est quaedam animi sanitas quae in insipientem quoque cadat,

    id. Tusc. 4, 13, 30:

    Syracusis lex est de religione, quae jubeat,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 126:

    unus est qui curet constantia magis quam consilio,

    id. Att. 1, 18, 7:

    si est una ex omnibus quae sese moveat,

    id. Rep. 6, 26, 28:

    multi sunt, qui non acerbum judicent vivere, sed supervacuum,

    Sen. Ep. 24, 26:

    erant sententiae quae castra Vari oppugnanda censerent,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 30:

    fuere cives qui seque remque publicam obstinatis animis perditum irent,

    Sall. C. 36, 4:

    sunt verba et voces, quibus hunc lenire dolorem Possis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 34:

    sunt delicta tamen, quibus ignovisse velimus,

    id. A. P. 347.—
    * c.
    Poet.: est, quibus (acc. to the Gr. estin hois):

    est quibus Eleae concurrit palma quadrigae: est quibus in celeres gloria nata pedes,

    Prop. 3, 9 (4, 8), 17.—
    2.
    With dat., to belong or pertain to; or, rendering the dative as the subject of the verb, to have ( possess, = the Fr. etre a used of property, and of permanent conditions or characteristics, not of temporary states, feelings, etc.; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 417 sq.): aliquid reperiret, fingeret fallacias, Unde esset adulescenti, amicae quod daret, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 23:

    nomen Mercurio'st mihi, Plaut Am. prol. 19: nisi jam tum esset honos elo quentiae,

    Cic. Brut. 10, 40:

    est igitur homini cum deo similitudo,

    id. Leg. 1, 8, 25:

    familiaritas, quae mihi cum eo est,

    id. Att. 8. 3, 2:

    privatus illis census erat brevis,

    Hor. C. 2, 15, 13; cf.:

    Trojae et huic loco nomen est,

    Liv. 1, 1, 5:

    Hecyra est huic nomen fabulae,

    Ter. Hec. prol. 1:

    cui saltationi Titius nomen esset,

    Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

    cui (fonti) nomen Arethusa est,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118:

    Scipio, cui post Africano fuit cognomen,

    Liv. 25, 2, 6.—With ellips. of dat. ( poet.):

    nec rubor est emisse palam (sc. ei),

    nor is she ashamed, Ov. A. A. 3, 167:

    neque testimonii dictio est (sc. servo),

    has no right to be a witness, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 63.—
    b.
    Esse alicui cum aliquo, to have to do with, to be connected with a person:

    tecum nihil rei nobis, Demipho, est,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74:

    sibi cum illa mima posthac nihil futurum,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

    jussit bona proscribi ejus, quicum familiaritas fuerat, societas erat,

    id. Quint. 6, 25:

    si mihi tecum minus esset, quam est cum tuis omnibus,

    id. Fam. 15, 10, 2.—
    3.
    Esse with certain prepp. and their cases (cf. also I. A. 2. 3. 4. supra).
    (α).
    Esse ab aliquo, to be of a person, to be the servant, disciple, adherent, partisan, etc., of:

    es ne tu an non es ab illo milite e Macedonia?

    do you belong to? Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 21:

    ab Andria est ancilla haec,

    Ter. And. 3, 1, 3; 4, 4, 17:

    erat enim ab isto Aristotele,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 160:

    sed vide ne hoc, Scaevola, totum sit a me,

    makes for me, id. de Or 1, 13, 55 (cf. ab, I. B. 3., II. B. 2. o.). —
    (β).
    Esse pro aliquo, to be in favor of, make for:

    (judicia) partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,

    Cic. Clu. 32, 88.—
    (γ).
    Esse ex aliqua re, to consist of, be made up of:

    (creticus) qui est ex longa et brevi et longa,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183; cf.:

    duo extremi chorei sunt, id est, e singulis longis et brevibus,

    id. Or. 63, 212:

    etsi temeritas ex tribus brevibus et longa est,

    id. ib. 63, 214; 64, 215 (v. also 6. infra). —
    4.
    Euphem., in perf. tempp., of one who has died or a thing that has perished, to be no more, to be gone, departed, dead ( poet.):

    horresco misera, mentio quoties fit partionis: Ita paene tibi fuit Phronesium,

    i. e. had almost died, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 92:

    nunc illud est, cum me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,

    id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:

    sive erimus, seu nos fata fuisse velint,

    Tib. 3, 5, 32:

    fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens Gloria Teucrorum,

    Verg. A. 2, 325:

    certus in hospitibus non est amor: errat ut ipsi, Cumque nihil speres firmius esse, fuit,

    Ov. H. 16, (17), 192.—
    5.
    Pregn., to be real or a fact, to be the case; so esp.: est, esto, it is even so, be it so, such is or let such be the case, granted, well, etc.:

    quid tibi vis dicam, nisi quod est?

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 17:

    sunt ista, Laeli,

    Cic. Lael. 2, 6:

    ista esse credere,

    id. Tusc. 1, 6, 10: est vero, inquit, Africane, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 1, 18:

    est ut dicis, inquam,

    id. Fin. 3, 5, 19:

    sit quidem ut sex milia seminum intereant,

    Col. 3, 3, 13:

    esto: ipse nihil est, nihil potest,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; cf.:

    verum esto,

    id. Fin. 2, 23, 75:

    esto,

    Verg. A. 7, 313; 10, 67; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 81; 1, 17, 37 al.—Hence,
    b.
    The connections est ut, ubi, cum, quod, or with a subject-clause, it happens or chances that, it is the case that, there is cause or reason why, there is a time when, it is allowed or permissible that, one may, etc.
    (α).
    Est ut, it is the case or fact, that, etc.:

    sin est, ut velis Manere illam apud te, dos hic maneat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 32:

    si est, ut dicat velle se, Redde,

    id. Hec. 4, 1, 43:

    si est, culpam ut Antipho in se admiserit,

    id. Phorm. 2, 1, 40:

    est, ut id maxime deceat,

    Cic. Or. 59, 199:

    quando fuit, ut, quod licet, non liceret?

    id. Cael. 20, 48:

    non est igitur, ut mirandum sit, ea praesentiri, etc.,

    id. Div 1, 56, 128:

    non erat, ut fieri posset, mirarier umquam,

    Lucr. 5, 979:

    futurum esse ut omnes pellerentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    non est, ut copia major Ab Jove donari possit tibi,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 2:

    est ut viro vir latius ordinet Arbusta sulcis,

    id. C. 3, 1, 9; Dig. 38, 7, 2.—Cf. esse after a neg., with quin:

    numquam est enim, quin aliquid memoriae tradere velimus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 24, 40.—Also, est ut, there is reason, that, etc.:

    magis est ut ipse moleste ferat errasse se, quam ut, etc.,

    Cic. Cael. 6, 14 fin.: ille erat ut odisset primum defensorem salutis meae, he had good reason for hating [p. 1799] id. Mil. 13, 35; cf.:

    quid erat cur Milo optaret,

    id. ib. 13, 34:

    neque est ut putemus ignorari ea ab animalibus,

    Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3. —
    (β).
    Est ubi, sometime or another, sometimes:

    erit, ubi te ulciscar, si vivo,

    Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 26:

    est, ubi id isto modo valeat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 8, 23.—
    (γ).
    Est cum, sometimes:

    est cum non est satius, si, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 4, 26, 36.—
    (δ).
    Est quod, there is reason to, I have occasion:

    est quod visam domum,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 26:

    etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi quam quod te rogem,

    I have more reason to, Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:

    est quod referam ad consilium: sin, etc.,

    Liv. 30, 31, 9:

    quod timeas non est,

    Ov. H. 19, 159:

    nil est illic quod moremur diutius,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 6:

    non est quod multa loquamur,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 30.—Cf. with cur:

    non est cur eorum spes infragatur,

    Cic. Or. 2, 6:

    nihil est cur,

    id. Fam. 6, 20, 1.—
    (ε).
    Est, sit, etc., with infin. in Gr. constr., it is possible, is allowed, permitted, one may, etc. (mostly poet. and post-class.):

    est quadam prodire tenus, si non datur ultra,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 32:

    Cato, R. R. prooem. § 1: scire est liberum Ingenium atque animum,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 42:

    nec non et Tityon terrae omniparentis alumnum Cernere erat,

    Verg. A. 6, 596; 8, 676; Sil. 2, 413:

    neque est te fallere quicquam,

    Verg. G. 4, 447:

    unde Plus haurire est,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 79:

    est Gaudia prodentem vultum celare,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 103:

    quod versu dicere non est,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 87:

    quod tangere non est,

    Ov. M. 3, 478:

    quae verbo objecta, verbo negare sit,

    Liv. 42, 41, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    ut conjectare erat intentione vultus,

    Tac. A. 16, 34:

    est videre argentea vasa,

    id. G. 5; Val. Max. 2, 6, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 227.— With dat.:

    ne tibi sit frigida saxa adire,

    Prop. 1, 20, 13; Tib. 1, 6, 24 (32):

    tu procul a patria (nec sit mihi credere tantum!) Alpinas nives Me sine vides,

    Verg. E. 10, 46:

    fuerit mihi eguisse aliquando amicitiae tuae,

    Sall. J. 110, 3; Dig. 46, 3, 72, § 4.—
    (ζ).
    In eo ease ut, etc., to be in a condition to reach the point that, to be possible, etc., to be about to, on the point of, etc. ( impers. or with res, etc., as subj.):

    cum jam in eo esset, ut in muros evaderet miles,

    Liv. 2, 17, 5:

    si viderent in eo jam esse ut urbs caperetur,

    id. 28, 22, 8:

    jamque in eo rem fore, ut Romani aut hostes aut domini habendi sint,

    id. 8, 27, 3:

    cum res non in eo essent ut, etc.,

    id. 33, 41, 9:

    non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut, etc.,

    id. 30, 19, 3; 34, 41. —With person. subj. (late Lat.):

    cum ab Ulixe adducta Iphigenia in eo esset, ut immolaretur,

    Hyg. Fab. 261. —
    6.
    Like the Engl. to be, for to come, fall, reach, to have arrived, etc. (hence also with in and acc.):

    ecquid in mentem est tibi, Patrem tibi esse?

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 54:

    nam numero mi in mentem fuit,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 26:

    ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,

    Cic. Quint. 5, 22:

    portus in praedonum fuisse potestatem sciatis,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

    ut certior fieret, quo die in Tusculanum essem futurus,

    id. Att. 15, 4, 2:

    qui neque in provinciam cum imperio fuerunt,

    id. Fam. 8, 8, 8:

    quae ne in potestatem quidem populi Romani esset,

    Liv. 2, 14, 4:

    nec prius militibus in conspectum fuisse,

    Suet. Aug. 16:

    esse in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 20, 66; cf.:

    in eorum potestatem portum futurum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 98; v. Gell. 1, 7, 16 sq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 316.—
    7.
    Of time, to pass, elapse (rare but class.):

    diem scito nullum esse, quo, etc.,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1.
    II.
    As a copula, to be any thing or in any manner.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    With an adj., subst., or pron.:

    et praeclara res est et sumus otiosi,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 17:

    quod in homine multo est evidentius,

    id. ib. 8, 27:

    sperare videor Scipionis et Laelii amicitiam notam posteritati fore,

    id. ib. 4, 15:

    non sum ita hebes, ut istud dicam,

    id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12:

    cum, ignorante rege, uter esset Orestes, Pylades Orestem se esse diceret, Orestes autem ita ut erat, Orestem se esse perseveraret,

    id. Lael. 7, 24:

    consul autem esse qui potui? etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:

    nos numerus sumus et fruges consumere nati,

    are a mere number, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 27:

    pars non minima triumphi est victimae praecedentes,

    Liv. 45, 49:

    nobile erit Romae pascua vestra forum,

    Prop. 4 (5), 9, 20:

    sanguis erant lacrimae,

    Luc. 9, 811:

    ego tu sum, tu es ego: unanimi sumus,

    Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 49:

    tuos sum,

    id. Bacch. 1, 1, 60: domus non ea est, quam parietes nostri cingunt, Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 19:

    is enim fueram, cui, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 7.—
    2.
    Less freq. with adv. (esp. in colloq. language): Am. Satin' tu sanus es? Sos. Sic sum ut vides, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 57:

    sic, inquit, est,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

    est, inquit, ut dicis,

    id. ib. 1, 40, 63:

    quod ita cum sit,

    id. ib. 1, 45, 69:

    quia sunt haud procul ab hujus aetatis memoria,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 1 B. and K.:

    nec vero habere virtutem satis est,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 2: frustra id inceptum Volscis fuit. Liv. 2, 25:

    dato qui bene sit: ego, ubi bene sit, tibi locum lepidum dabo,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

    apud matrem recte est,

    Cic. Att. 1, 7:

    cum in convivio comiter et jucunde fuisses,

    id. Deiot. 7, 19:

    omnes hanc quaestionem haud remissius sperant futuram,

    id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11:

    dicta impune erant,

    Tac. A. 1, 72.—Esp.: facile alicubi (in aliqua re) esse, with pleasure, glad to be:

    quod in maritimis facillime sum,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2:

    locum habeo nullum ubi facilius esse possum,

    id. Att. 13, 26, 2 (on esse with an adverb, v. Haase ap. Reisig, Vorles. p. 394; cf. also bene under bonus fin.).—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    With gen. part., to be of, belong to a class, party, etc.:

    in republica ita est versatus, ut semper optimarum partium et esset et existimaretur,

    Nep. Att. 6, 1:

    qui ejusdem civitatis fuit,

    id. Them. 9, 1:

    qui Romanae partis erant, urbe excesserunt,

    Liv. 35, 51, 7: ut aut amicorum aut inimicorum Campani simus;

    si defenditis, vestri, si deseritis, Samnitium erimus,

    id. 7, 30, 9 sq. —
    2.
    With gen. or abl. denoting quality.
    (α).
    With gen.:

    nimium me timidum, nullius animi, nullius consilii fuisse confiteor,

    Cic. Sest. 16, 36:

    disputatio non mediocris contentionis est,

    id. de Or. 1, 60, 257:

    magni judicii, summae etiam facultatis esse debebit,

    id. Or. 21, 70:

    (virtus) nec tantarum virium est, ut se ipsa tueatur,

    id. Tusc. 5, 1, 2; id. Fin. 5, 12, 36:

    Sulla gentis patriciae nobilis fuit,

    Sall. J. 95, 3:

    summi ut sint laboris,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 2:

    civitas magnae auctoritatis,

    id. ib. 5, 54:

    refer, Cujus fortunae (sit),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54:

    se nullius momenti apud exercitum futurum,

    Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

    qui ejusdem aetatis fuit,

    id. ib. 11, 1:

    invicti ad laborem corporis erat,

    Liv. 9, 16:

    nec magni certaminis ea dimicatio fuit,

    id. 21, 60:

    somni brevissimi erat,

    Suet. Claud. 33.—So of extent, number, etc.:

    classis centum navium,

    Nep. Them. 2, 2; 2, 5:

    annus trecentarum sexaginta quinque dierum,

    Suet. Caes. 40.—
    (β).
    With abl.:

    bono animo es,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4:

    jam aetate ea sum, ut, etc.,

    id. Hec. 5, 1, 11:

    bellum varia victoria fuit,

    Sall. J. 5, 1:

    L. Catilina nobili genere natus fuit magna vi et animi et corporis, set ingenio malo,

    id. C. 5, 1:

    Sulla animo ingenti,

    id. J. 95, 3:

    esse magna gratia,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 8:

    tenuissima valetudine esse,

    id. ib. 5, 40:

    si fuerit is injustus, timidus, hebeti ingenio atque nullo,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

    mira sum alacritate ad litigandum,

    id. Att. 2, 7, 2:

    bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,

    id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:

    ut bono essent animo,

    id. Rep. 1, 17, 29:

    ut uxores eodem jure sint quo viri,

    id. ib. 1, 43, 67:

    qui capite et superciliis semper est rasis,

    id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    abi, quaere, unde domo quis, Cujus fortunae, quo sit patre quove patrono,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54 (cf. I. A. 4. supra). —
    3.
    With gen. or abl. of price or value.
    (α).
    With gen.:

    pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

    videtur esse quantivis pretii,

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 15:

    a me argentum, quanti (servus) est, sumito,

    id. Ad. 5, 9, 20:

    si ullo in loco frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:

    ager nunc multo pluris est, quam tunc fuit,

    id. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

    ut quisque, quod plurimi sit, possideat, ita, etc.,

    id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

    magni erunt mihi tuae litterae,

    id. Fam. 15, 15, 4:

    parvi sunt foris arma, nisi, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 22, 76:

    an emat denario quod sit mille denarium,

    id. ib. 3, 23, 92:

    parvi pretii est quod nihili est,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4:

    mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo,

    is worth more to me, weighs more with me, id. Att. 12, 28, 2:

    neque pluris pretii cocum quam vilicum habeo,

    Sall. J. 85, 39:

    erat (agellus) centum milium nummum,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 3, 1. —
    (β).
    With abl.: sextante sal et Romae et per totam I i aliam erat, was worth, stood at, Liv. 29, 37.—
    4.
    With gen. of possession, etc., it belongs, pertains to; or it is the part, property, nature, mark, sign, custom, or duty of, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    audiant eos, quorum summa est auctoritas apud, etc.,

    who possess, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    ea ut civitatis Rhodiorum essent,

    Liv. 37, 55, 5:

    teneamus eum cursum, qui semper fuit optimi cujusque,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

    quamobrem neque sapientis esse accipere habenas,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 9; id. de Or. 2, 20, 86:

    sapientis est consilium explicare suum, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 333:

    temeritas est florentis aetatis, prudentia senescentis,

    id. Sen. 6, 20:

    est adulescentis majores natu vereri,

    id. Off. 1, 34, 122:

    Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant,

    Liv. 8, 12, 13:

    tota tribuniciae potestatis erat,

    id. 3, 48:

    alterius morientis prope totus exercitus fuit,

    id. 22, 50:

    jam me Pompeii totum esse scis,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 2:

    hominum, non causarum, toti erant,

    Liv. 3, 36:

    plebs novarum, ut solet, rerum atque Hannibalis tota esse,

    were devoted to, favored, id. 23, 14:

    Dolopes numquam Aetolorum fuerant: Philippi erant,

    id. 38, 3:

    Ptolemaeus propter aetatem alieni arbitrii erat,

    id. 42, 29:

    est miserorum ut malevolentes sint,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 51:

    quod alterum divinitatis mihi cujusdam videtur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86:

    negavit moris esse Graecorum, ut, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

    non est gravitatis ac sapientiae tuae, ferre immoderatius casum incommodorum tuorum,

    id. Fam. 5, 16, 5:

    est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, uti, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 5.—Rarely with pronom. posses.:

    est tuum, Cato, videre quid agatur,

    Cic. Mur. 38, 83:

    fuit meum quidem jam pridem rem publicam lugere,

    id. Att. 12, 28, 2.—
    (β).
    Esp., with gerundive, to denote tendency, effect, etc.:

    quae res evertendae rei publicae solerent esse,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132:

    regium inperium, quod initio conservandae libertatis fuerat,

    Sall. C. 6, 7:

    qui utilia ferrent, quaeque aequandae libertatis essent,

    Liv. 3, 31, 7:

    ea prodendi imperii Romani, tradendae Hannibali victoriae esse,

    id. 27, 9, 12:

    nihil tam aequandae libertatis esse quam potentissimum quemque posse dicere causam,

    id. 38, 51, 8:

    frustrationem eam legis tollendae esse,

    id. 3, 24, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.; 3, 39, 8; 5, 3, 5; 40, 29, 11.—
    5.
    With dat. of the end, object, purpose, etc.:

    vitam hanc rusticam tu probro et crimini putas esse oportere,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48:

    etiam quae esui potuique non sunt, contineri legato,

    Dig. 33, 9, 3; Gell. 4, 1, 20:

    ut divites conferrent, qui essent oneri ferendo,

    Liv. 2, 9:

    magis vis morbi curae esset, maxime quod, etc.,

    id. 4, 21, 5:

    cum solvendo aere (i. e. aeri) alieno res publica non esset,

    id. 31, 13:

    iniciuntur ea, quae umori extrahendo sunt,

    Cels. 4, 10 fin. — Esp. in phrase solvendo esse, to be solvent, able to pay:

    tu nec solvendo eras,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

    cum solvendo civitates non essent,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2 (v. solvo).—
    6.
    With predicative dat. sing., denoting that which the subject is, becomes, appears to be, etc.
    (α).
    Without second dat. of pers.:

    auxilio is fuit,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 94:

    magis curae'st,

    id. Bacch. 4, 10, 3; id. Curc. 4, 2, 15; id. As. 1, 3, 23; id. Capt. 5, 2, 13 sq.:

    cui bono fuerit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:

    eo natus sum ut Jugurthae scelerum ostentui essem,

    Sall. J. 24, 10: cupis me esse nequam;

    tamen ero frugi bonae,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 51:

    magnoque esse argumento, homines scire pleraque antequam nati sint, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Sen. 21, 78:

    multi Indicioque sui facti persaepe fuere, Lucr 4, 1019: ejus rei ipsa verba formulae testimonio sunt,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:

    haec res ad levandam annonam impedimento fuit,

    Liv. 4, 13:

    cujus rei Demosthenes atque Aeschines possunt esse documento,

    Quint. 7, 1, 2.—
    (β).
    With second dat. of pers.:

    obsecro vos ego mi auxilio sitis,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 5; id. Ep. 5, 2, 11; id. Most. 1, 2, 68:

    ne quid Captioni mihi sit,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 19:

    mihi cordi est,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 110:

    ubi eris damno molestiae et dedecori saepe fueris,

    id. As. 3, 2, 25:

    metuo illaec mihi res ne malo magno fuat,

    id. Mil. 2, 6, 12:

    nec Salus nobis saluti jam esse potest,

    id. Most. 2, 1, 4:

    bono usui estis nulli,

    id. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

    quae sint nobis morbo mortique,

    Lucr. 6, 1095:

    quo magis quae agis curae sunt mihi,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 46:

    omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: ut mihi magnae curae tuam vitam ac dignitatem esse scires, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A fin.:

    accusant ei, quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13: haec tam parva [p. 1800] civitas praedae tibi et quaestui fuit, id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:

    ea dictitare, quae detrimento, maculae, invidiae, infamiae nobis omnibus esse possint,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 62, §

    144: minus ea bella curae patribus erant, quam, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 23, 1:

    sciant patribus aeque curae fuisse, ne, etc.,

    id. 4, 7, 6:

    si hoc perinde curae est tibi quam illud mihi,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 8, 9:

    quantaeque curae tibi fuit, ne quis, etc.,

    id. Pan. 25, 3:

    quantae sit mihi curae,

    id. Ep. 6, 8, 2:

    si judicibus ipsis aut gloriae damnatio rei aut deformitati futura absolutio,

    Quint. 6, 1, 12.—Rarely with dat. gerund:

    nec tamen impedimento id rebus gerundis fuit,

    Liv. 26, 24 (for a full account of this dative, v. Roby, Gram. 2, praef. pp. xxv.-lvi., and § 1158 sq.).—
    7.
    Esse ad aliquid, to be of use for, to serve for:

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato, R. R. 125:

    completae naves taeda et pice reliquisque rebus quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101:

    valvae, quae olim ad ornandum templum erant maxime,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 124.—
    8.
    Id est or hoc est, with predic.-clause by way of explanatory addition, that is, that is to say; sometimes also with a climax in the sense, which is as much as to say, or which is the same thing:

    sed domum redeamus, id est ad nostros revertamur,

    Cic. Brut. 46, 172:

    quodsi in scena, id est in contione verum valet, etc.,

    id. Lael. 26, 97:

    meos amicos, in quibus est studium, in Graeciam mitto, id est ad Graecos ire jubeo,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 8:

    si Epicurum, id est si Democritum probarem,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 6:

    ut (sapiens) aegritudine opprimatur, id est miseria,

    id. Tusc. 3, 13, 27: a parte negotiali, hoc est pragmatikêi, Quint. 3, 7, 1:

    cum in bona tua invasero, hoc est, cum te docuero,

    id. 8, 3, 89.—
    9.
    Poet., with Greek inf. pleonastically:

    esse dederat monumentum,

    Verg. A. 5, 572 (cf.: dôke xeinêion einai, Hom. Il. 10, 269).
    2.
    sum = eum, Enn. ap. Fest., v. is.
    3.
    sum- in composition, for sub before m; v. sub fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sum

  • 20 μή

    μή (Hom.+) negative particle, ‘not’: ‘μή is the negative of will, wish, doubt. If οὐ denies the fact, μή denies the idea’ (Rob. 1167). For the Koine of the NT the usage is simplified to such a degree that οὐ is generally the neg. used w. the indicative, and μή is used w. the other moods (B-D-F §426; Rob. 1167).
    ① marker of negation, not
    ⓐ in negative clauses
    α. in conditional clauses after ἐάν Mt 5:20; 6:15; 10:13; 12:29; 18:3, 16, 35; 26:42; Mk 3:27; 7:3f; 10:30; 12:19; Lk 13:3, 5; J 3:2f, 5, 27 al. After ὸ̔ς ἄν (=ἐάν) Mt 10:14; 11:6; 19:9; Mk 6:11; 10:15; 11:23; Lk 8:18; 18:17. After ὅσοι ἄν Lk 9:5; Rv 13:15. After ὅστις ἄν Ac 3:23. After εἰ in a simple condition (B-D-F §428, 1) Lk 6:4; 1 Ti 6:3. After εἰ in a contrary to fact condition (B-D-F §428, 2; Rob. 1169) Mt 24:22; Mk 13:20; J 9:33; 15:22, 24; 18:30; 19:11; Ac 26:32; Ro 7:7. εἰ μή if not, except (that), εἰ δὲ μήγε otherwise with verb and elliptically (B-D-F §428, 3; 439, 1; Rob. 1024f; cp. POxy 1185, 30) Mt 5:13; 6:1; 9:17; 11:27; 12:4, 24 and very oft. (GHarder, 1 Cor 7:17: TLZ 79, ’54, 367–72).
    β. in purpose clauses ἵνα μή in order that…not Mt 5:29f; 7:1; 17:27; Mk 3:9; 4:12; Lk 8:10, 12; 16:28; J 3:20; 7:23; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8); 4:17; 24:4; Ro 11:25; 15:20 al. ὅπως μή in order that…not Mt 6:18; Lk 16:26; Ac 20:16; 1 Cor 1:29. μὴ ἵνα IRo 3:2. On the inf. w. neg. as periphrasis for purpose clauses s. below.
    γ. in result clauses ὥστε μή w. inf. foll. (cp. PHib 66, 5) so that not Mt 8:28; Mk 3:20; 1 Cor 1:7; 2 Cor 3:7; 1 Th 1:8; w. impv. foll. 1 Cor 4:5.
    δ. in interrog. clauses w. an element of doubt: δῶμεν ἢ μὴ δῶμεν; should we pay (them) or should we not? Mk 12:14.
    ε. in a few relative clauses (B-D-F §428, 4; Mlt. 171; 239f) διδάσκοντες ἃ μὴ δεῖ Tit 1:11 (cp. Lucian, Dial. Deor. 13, 1; PGM 4, 2653 ὸ̔ μὴ θέμις γενέσθαι; CPR I, 19, 17; 2 Macc 12:14; Sir 13:24). The literary language is the source of ᾧ μὴ πάρεστιν ταῦτα τυφλός ἐστιν 2 Pt 1:9, where the relat. clause has a hypothetical sense. ὅσα μὴ θέλετε Ac 15:29 D. Cp. Col 2:18 v.l. On ὸ̔ μὴ ὁμολογεῖ (v.l. ὸ̔ λύει) 1J 4:3 s. ARahlfs, TLZ 40, 1915, 525.
    ζ. in a causal clause contrary to the rule, which calls for οὐ: ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα J 3:18 (cp. Epict. 4, 4, 8; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 217 διήμαρτον, ὅτι μὴ ταῖς ἱεραῖς ἡμῶν βίβλοις ἐνέτυχον; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 8, 4; 11, 8; 32; Ath. 14, 2 ὅτι μὴ κοινῶς ἐκείνοις θεοσεβοῦμεν; Dio Chrys. 31, 94; 110.—B-D-F §428, 5; Mlt. 171; 239; Mlt-Turner 284; Rahlfs, loc. cit.).
    ⓑ w. various moods
    α. w. inf. (B-D-F §399, 3; 400, 4; 5; Mlt-Turner 285f)
    א. after verbs expressing a negative concept, usu. omitted in translation ἀντιλέγοντες ἀνάστασιν μὴ εἶναι Lk 20:27 (v.l. λέγοντες). ἀπαρνεῖσθαι 22:34. παραιτεῖσθαι Hb 12:19. ἐγκόπτειν τινά Gal 5:7. προσέχειν Mt 6:1. οὐ δύναμαι μὴ I can do nothing else than Ac 4:20.
    ב. gener., after verbs of saying, reporting, ordering, judging, etc.—in declarative clauses: after ἀποκρίνεσθαι Lk 20:7. λέγειν Mt 22:23; Mk 12:18; Lk 20:27 v.l.; Ac 23:8; AcPlCor 2:19. ὀμνύναι Hb 3:18. θέλειν Ro 13:3. χρηματίζεσθαι Lk 2:26.—In clauses denoting a summons or challenge: after λέγειν Mt 5:34, 39; Ac 21:4; Ro 2:22; 12:3. γράφειν 1 Cor 5:9, 11. κηρύσσειν Ro 2:21. παραγγέλλειν Ac 1:4; 4:18; 5:28, 40; 1 Cor 7:10f (w. acc.); 1 Ti 1:3; 6:17. αἰτεῖσθαι Eph 3:13. εὔχεσθαι 2 Cor 13:7 (w. acc.). χρηματίζεσθαι Mt 2:12. ἀξιοῦν Ac 15:38. βοᾶν 25:24.
    ג. after predicates that contain a judgment upon the thing expressed by the inf. (with or without the art.; cp. Just., D. 68, 8 ταῦτα τολμῶσι λέγειν μὴ οὕτως γεγράφθαι): καλόν (sc. ἐστιν) 1 Cor 7:1 (ApcEsdr 1, 6, 21); Gal 4:18; cp. Ro 14:21. ἄλογον Ac 25:27 (w. acc.). κρεῖττον ἦν 2 Pt 2:21. αἱρετώτερον ἦν αὐτοῖς τὸ μὴ γεννηθῆναι Hv 4, 2, 6. Cp. δεῖ Ac 27:21 (cp. use w. ἐχρῆν TestJob 37:6).
    ד. w. gen. of the subst. inf.: τοῦ μή that not (Lat. ne): after verbs of hindering κατέχειν Lk 4:42. παύειν 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:14). καταπαύειν Ac 14:18. κωλύειν 10:47. κρατεῖσθαι Lk 24:16; cp. ἀνένδεκτόν ἐστιν τοῦ…μὴ ἐλθεῖν 17:1.—Also after other expressions: ὀφθαλμοὶ τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, ὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν eyes that should not see, ears that should not hear Ro 11:8, 10 (Ps 68:24). In place of a result clause: τοῦ μὴ εἶναι αὐτὴν μοιχαλίδα so that she commits no adultery, if... 7:3.
    ה. w. subst. inf. after prepositions: εἰς τὸ μή so that…not; to the end that…not Ac 7:19; 1 Cor 10:6; 2 Cor 4:4. W. acc. and inf. foll. 2 Th 2:2; 1 Pt 3:7.—διὰ τὸ μή because…not (PPetr II, 11, 1, 7 [III B.C.] τοῦτο δὲ γίνεται διὰ τὸ μὴ ἀθροῦν ἡμᾶς; 2 Macc 2:11; ApcMos 42 διὰ τὸ μὴ γινώσκειν; Just., D. 95, 1 διὰ τὸ μὴ πάντα φυλάξαι; Tat. 2, 1 διὰ τὸ μὴ βούλεσθαι) Mt 13:5f; Mk 4:5f; Lk 8:6; Js 4:2 (w. acc.).—πρὸς τὸ μὴ in order that…not (Ptolem. Pap. aus Alexandria 4, 3 in Witkowski p. 51 πρὸς τὸ μὴ γίνεσθαι τῷ βασιλεῖ τὸ χρήσιμον; Esth 3:13d, e; Bar 1:19; 2:5) 2 Cor 3:13; 1 Th 2:9; 2 Th 3:8.
    ו. w. dat. of the subst. inf. τῷ μή because…not 2 Cor 2:13.
    ז. w. nom. or acc. of the subst. inf. (2 Esdr 6:8; s. B-D-F §399, 3; s. Rob. 1038) Ro 14:13; 2 Cor 2:1; 10:2; 1 Th 4:6.
    β. very oft. w. the ptc., in keeping w. the tendency of later Gk. to prefer μή to οὐ; exceptions in B-D-F §430; s. Rob. 1172.
    א. μή is regularly used to negative the ptc. used w. the article, when the ptc. has a hypothet. sense or refers to no particular person, and has a general mng. (Artem. 4, 22 p. 215, 14 οἱ μὴ νοσοῦντες; ParJer 6:24 ὁ δὲ μὴ ἀκούων; Just., A I, 4, 2 τοὺς μὴ ἐλεγχομένους): ὁ μὴ ὢν μετʼ ἐμοῦ every one who is not with me Mt 12:30ab; Lk 11:23ab; ὁ μὴ πιστεύων J 3:18. πᾶς ὁ μή... Mt 7:26; 1J 3:10ab; 2J 9. πάντες οἱ μή 2 Th 2:12. μακάριοι οἱ μή J 20:29; cp. Ro 14:22. τῶν τὴν ψυχὴν μὴ δυναμένων ἀποκτεῖναι Mt 10:28b and oft.
    ב. w. the ptc. when it has conditional, causal, or concessive sense: πᾶν δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν Mt 3:10; 7:19. Cp. 9:36; 13:19; Lk 11:24. θερίσομεν μὴ ἐκλυόμενοι we will reap, if we do not become weary (before the harvest) Gal 6:9. μὴ ὄντος νόμου when there is no law Ro 5:13. νόμον μὴ ἔχοντες although they have no law 2:14. μὴ ὢν αὐτὸς ὑπὸ νόμον though I am not under the law 1 Cor 9:20 (cp. TestAbr B 11 p. 115, 22 [Stone p. 78] μὴ ἰδὼν θάνατον). μὴ μεμαθηκώς without having learned (them) J 7:15 (cp. TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 1 [Stone p. 60] μὴ εἰδὼς τίς ἐστιν; TestJob 11:7 μὴ λαμβάνων…ἐνέχυρα; Just., A I, 5, 1 μὴ φροντίζοντες, D. 110, 2 μὴ συνιέντες). μὴ ἔχοντος δὲ αὐτοῦ ἀποδοῦναι but since he could not pay it back Mt 18:25. μὴ βουλόμενος since (God) did not wish to AcPlCor 2:12 (cp. TestAbrB 5 p. 109, 24f [Stone p. 66] μὴ θέλων…παρακοῦσαι).
    ג. when it is to be indicated that the statement has subjective validity (Just., D. 115, 3 ὡς μὴ γεγενημένου ἱερέως): ὡς μὴ λαβών as though you had not received 1 Cor 4:7. ὡς μὴ ἐρχομένου μου vs. 18.
    ד. but also very freq. where earlier Gk. would require οὐ (on developments s. Schwyzer II 595f; B-D-F §430, 3; Burton §485 [464 Z.]; cp. οὐ 2b; for μή here, cp. Just., A I, 3, 9, 3 ἄνδρες δεκαδύο…λαλεῖν μὴ δυνάμενοι; D. 85, 4 διὰ τοὺς μὴ…συνόντας ἡμῖν; Mel., P. 71, 518f): τὰ μὴ ὄντα what does not exist (in reality, not only in Paul’s opinion) Ro 4:17; 1 Cor 1:28 (Philo, Op. M. 81 τὸ τὰ μὴ ὄντα εἰς τὸ εἶναι παραγαγεῖν; Ath. 4:2 τὸ ὸ̓ν οὐ γίνεται ἀλλὰ τὸ μὴ ὄν); Hv 1, 1, 6. τὰ μὴ βλεπόμενα what is unseen 2 Cor 4:18ab. τὰ μὴ δέοντα 1 Ti 5:13. τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα (3 Macc 4:16) Ro 1:28. τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα Hb 12:27. τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν 2 Cor 5:21. τυφλὸς μὴ βλέπων Ac 13:11. S. also μὴ ἀσθενήσας τῇ πίστει κατενόησεν Ro 4:19 where, as oft., the main idea is expressed by the ptc.
    ⓒ in a prohibitive sense in independent clauses, to express a negative wish or a warning
    α. w. subjunctive let us not, we should not: pres. subj. μὴ γινώμεθα κενόδοξοι Gal 5:26. μὴ ἐγκακῶμεν 6:9. μὴ καθεύδωμεν 1 Th 5:6; cp. 1 Cor 5:8. W. aor. subj. μὴ σχίσωμεν αὐτόν J 19:24.
    β. w. optative (B-D-F §427, 4; Rob. 1170) μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη 2 Ti 4:16 (cp. Job 27:5). ἐμοὶ δὲ μὴ γένοιτο καυχᾶσθαι Gal 6:14 (cp. 1 Macc 9:10; 13:5). Esp. in the formula μὴ γένοιτο (s. γίνομαι 4a) Lk 20:16; Ro 3:4, 31; 6:2, 15; 7:7, 13; 9:14; 11:1, 11; 1 Cor 6:15; Gal 2:17; 3:21.
    γ. w. pres. impv.
    א. to express a command that is generally valid (TestReub 2:10) μὴ γίνεσθε ὡς οἱ ὑποκριταί Mt 6:16; cp. vs. 19. μὴ μεριμνᾶτε τῇ ψυχῇ ὑμῶν vs. 25; Lk 12:22.—Mt 7:1; 10:31; 19:6; Lk 6:30; 10:4, 7; 1 Cor 6:9; 7:5, 12f, 18; Eph 4:26 (Ps 4:5), 29 and oft.
    ב. to bring to an end a condition now existing (Aeschyl., Sept. 1036; Chariton 2, 7, 5 μὴ ὀργίζου=‘be angry no longer’; PHib 56, 7 [249 B.C.]; PAmh 37, 7; POxy 295, 5; Wsd 1:12 and elsewh. LXX; TestAbr B 9 p. 113, 20 [Stone p. 74]; JosAs 14:11; GrBar 7:6 and ApcMos 16 μὴ φοβοῦ; Just., D. 87, 1 μὴ…λοιπὸν ὑπολάμβανε; Mlt. 122ff) μὴ φοβεῖσθε do not be afraid (any longer) Mt 14:27; 17:7; Lk 2:10; cp. 1:13, 30. μὴ κλαῖε do not weep (any more) 7:13; cp. 23:28 (GrBar16:1) μὴ σκύλλου do not trouble yourself (any further) 7:6; cp. 8:49 v.l. (TestAbr B 2 p. 107, 2 [Stone p. 62] μὴ σκύλλε τὸ παιδάριον).—9:50; Mk 9:39; J 2:16; 6:43. μὴ γράφε do not write (any longer)=it must no longer stand written 19:21. μή μου ἅπτου do not cling to me any longer = let go of me 20:17. μὴ γίνου ἄπιστος vs. 27.—Ac 10:15; 20:10; Ro 11:18, 20; 1 Th 5:19; Js 2:1 and oft.
    δ. w. aor. impv. (Od. 16, 301; Lucian, Paras. μὴ δότε; 1 Km 17:32; TestJob 45:1 μὴ ἐπιλάθεσθε τοῦ κυρίου) μὴ ἐπιστρεψάτω Mt 24:18; Lk 17:31b. μὴ καταβάτω Mt 24:17; Mk 13:15; Lk 17:31a. μὴ γνώτω Mt 6:3.
    ε. w. aor. subj.
    א. almost always to prevent a forbidden action fr. beginning (Plut., Alex. 696 [54, 6] μὴ φιλήσῃς=‘don’t kiss’; PPetr II, 40a, 12 [III B.C.]; POxy 744, 11; BGU 380, 19; LXX; TestAbr A 2 p. 79, 8 [Stone p. 6] μὴ ἐνέγκωσιν ἵππους; 16 p. 97, 5 [Stone p. 42] μὴ ἐκφοβήσῃς αὐτόν; TestJob 39:11 μὴ κάμητε εἰκῇ; ParJer 3:5 μὴ ἀπολέσητε τὴν πόλιν; ApcEsdr 7:11 μὴ μνησθῇς; Just., D. 137, 1 μὴ κακόν τι εἴπητε.—This is the sense of μὴ θαυμάσῃς Herm. Wr. 11, 17; s. ב below) μὴ φοβηθῇς Mt 1:20; 10:26 (JosAs 23:15; cp. TestJob 17:6 μὴ φοβηθῆτε ὅλως). μὴ δόξητε 3:9; cp. 5:17. μὴ ἅψῃ Col 2:21. μὴ ἀποστραφῇς Mt 5:42. μὴ κτήσησθε 10:9 and oft. Also w. the third pers. of the aor. subj. μή τις αὐτὸν ἐξουθενήσῃ no one is to slight him 1 Cor 16:11. μή τίς με δόξῃ εἶναι 2 Cor 11:16. μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ 2 Th 2:3. μὴ σκληρύνητε Hb 3:8, 15 (quot. fr. Ps 94:8) is hardly a pres. subj.; it is rather to be regarded as an aor.
    ב. only rarely to put an end to a condition already existing (the pres. impv. is regularly used for this; s. above 1 cγב) (TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 19 [Stone p. 70] μὴ κλαύσῃς weep no more) μὴ θαυμάσῃς you need no longer wonder J 3:7 (‘you needn’t be surprised’: s. Mlt. 124; 126; and s. א above).
    ζ. in abrupt expressions without a verb (ParJer 1:7 μὴ κύριέ μου): μὴ ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ (we must) not (proceed against him) during the festival Mt 26:5; Mk 14:2. Cp. J 18:40. καὶ μὴ (ποιήσωμεν) Ro 3:8 (B-D-F §427, 4). μὴ ὀκνηροὶ (γίνεσθε) 12:11. Cp. 14:1; Gal 5:13; Eph 6:6 al. (B-D-F §481).
    ⓐ after verbs of fearing, etc. that…(not), lest B-D-F §370.
    α. w. pres. subj. (3 Macc 2:23) ἐπισκοποῦντες…μή τις ῥίζα…ἐνοχλῇ Hb 12:15
    β. w. aor. subj. (Pla., Apol. 1, 17a) φοβηθεὶς μὴ διασπασθῇ Ac 23:10. Also after a pres. 27:17 (cp. Tob 6:15). After βλέπειν in the mng. take care (PLond III, 964, 9 p. 212 [II/III A.D.] βλέπε μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ μηδέν) Mt 24:4; Mk 13:5; Lk 21:8; Ac 13:40; 1 Cor 10:12; Gal 5:15; Hb 12:25. σκοπῶν σεαυτὸν, μὴ καὶ σὺ πειρασθῇς Gal 6:1. στελλόμενοι τοῦτο, μή τις ἡμάς μωμήσηται 2 Cor 8:20. ὁρᾶν Mt 18:10; 1 Th 5:15. Elliptically, like an aposiopesis ὅρα μή take care! you must not do that! Rv 19:10; 22:9 (B-D-F §480, 5; Rob. 932; 1203).
    γ. w. fut. ind. instead of the subj. following (X., Cyr. 4, 1, 18 ὅρα μὴ πολλῶν ἑκάστῳ ἡμῶν χειρῶν δεήσει) βλέπετε μή τις ἔσται Col 2:8; cp. Hb 3:12
    ⓑ taking the place of a purpose clause=so that…not: w. aor. subj. Mk 13:36; Ac 27:42; 2 Cor 12:6.
    ③ marker of expectation of a negative anwer to a question (B-D-F §427, 2; 4; 440; Rob. 1168; 1175; Mlt-Turner 283).
    ⓐ in direct questions (X. Eph. 398, 26 H.; Job 1:9; 8:11; TestAbr A 2 p. 79, 9f [Stone p. 6]; B 6 p. 110, 6 [Stone p. 68]; TestJob 15, 6; 27, 1; ApcSed 7:2; ApcMos 8:27) somewhat along the lines ‘it isn’t so, is it, that...?’, with expectation of a neg. answer; in tr. the negation can in fact be variously expressed in a form suggesting that an inappropriate answer would be met with complete dismay, e.g. μή τινος ὑστερήσατε; you didn’t lack anything, did you? Lk 22:35; μὴ λίθον ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ; will one give the person a stone? Mt 7:9; sim. vs. 10; 9:15; Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34; 11:11 v.l.; 17:9; J 3:4; 4:12, 33; 6:67; 7:35, 51f; 21:5 (cp. μήτι); Ac 7:28 (Ex 2:14), 42 (Am 5:25); Ro 3:3, 5 (cp. Job 8:3); 9:14, 20 (Is 29:16); 1 Cor 1:13; 9:8f; 10:22 al. μὴ γάρ J 7:41; 1 Cor 11:22.—In cases like Ro 10:18f; 1 Cor 9:4f μή is an interrog. word and οὐ negatives the verb. The double negative causes one to expect an affirmative answer (B-D-F §427, 2; s. Rob. 1173f; Tetrast. Iamb. 17, 2 p. 266 μὴ οὐκ ἔστι χλόη;=‘there is grass, is there not?’).
    ⓑ in indirect questions whether…not Lk 11:35 (cp. Epict. 4, 5, 18a; Arrian, Anab. 4, 20, 2 μή τι βίαιον ξυνέβη=whether anything violent has happened [hopefully not]; Jos., Ant. 6, 115).
    ④ marker of reinforced negation, in combination w. οὐ, μή has the effect of strengthening the negation (Kühner-G. II 221–23; Schwyzer II 317; Mlt. 187–92 [a thorough treatment of NT usage]; B-D-F §365; RLudwig: D. prophet. Wort 31 ’37, 272–79; JLee, NovT 27, ’85, 18–23; B-D-F §365.—Pla., Hdt. et al. [Kühner-G. loc. cit.]; SIG 1042, 16; POxy 119, 5, 14f; 903, 16; PGM 5, 279; 13, 321; LXX; TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 11 [Stone p. 46]; JosAs 20:3; GrBar 1:7; ApcEsdr 2:7; Just., D. 141, 2). οὐ μή is the most decisive way of negativing someth. in the future.
    ⓐ w. the subj.
    α. w. aor. subj. (TestAbr A 17 p. 99, 7 οὐ μὴ δυνηθῇς θεάσασθαι; JosAs 20:3; ParJer 2:5; 8:5; ApcSed 12:5; 13:6; Just., D. 141, 2; Ael. Aristid. 50, 107 K.=26 p. 533 D.: οὐ μὴ ἡμῶν καταφρονήσωσι; Diogenes, Ep. 38, 5; UPZ 62, 34; 79, 19) never, certainly not, etc. Mt 5:18, 20, 26; 24:2; Mk 13:2; Lk 1:15; 6:37ab; 10:19; J 8:52; 10:28; 11:26; 13:8; 1 Cor 8:13; Hb 8:12 (Jer 38:34); 13:5; 1 Pt 2:6 (Is 28:16); Rv 2:11; 3:12; 18:21–23 al.—Also in a rhetorical question, when an affirmative answer is expected οὐ μὴ ποιήσῃ τὴν ἐκδίκησιν; will he not vindicate? Lk 18:7. οὐ μὴ πίω αὐτό; shall I not drink it? J 18:11. τίς οὐ μὴ φοβηθῇ; who shall not fear? Rv 15:4.—In relative clauses Mt 16:28; Mk 9:1; Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5); Ro 4:8 (Ps 31:2); cp. Lk 18:30.—In declarative and interrogative sentences after ὅτι Mt 24:34; Lk 22:16 (οὐκέτι οὐ μή v.l.); J 11:56; without ὅτι Mt 26:29; Lk 13:35.—Combined w. οὐδέ: οὐδʼ οὐ μὴ γένηται (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 122, 4 [6 A.D.]) Mt 24:21 (B-D-F §431, 3).
    β. w. pres. subj. Hb 13:5 v.l. ἐγκαταλείπω (accepted by Tdf., whereas most edd. read ἐγκαταλίπω)
    ⓑ w. fut. ind. (En 98:12; 99:10; TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 11 [Stone p. 20] οὐ μή σοι ἀκολουθήσω; GrBar 1:7 οὐ μὴ προσθήσω; ApcEsdr 2:7 οὐ μὴ παύσομαι) οὐ μὴ ἔσται σοι τοῦτο Mt 16:22.—Hm 9:5; Hs 1:5; 4:7. Cp. Mt 15:6; 26:35; Lk 10:19 v.l.; 21:33; J 4:14; 6:35b; 10:5 (ἀκολουθήσωσιν v.l.); Hb 10:17. οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ εὑρήσουσιν Rv 18:14. οὐ γὰρ μὴ κληρονομήσει Gal 4:30 (Gen 21:10 v.l.); but the tradition wavers mostly betw. the fut. and aor. subj. (s. Mlt. and B-D-F loc. cit.).—DELG. M-M. EDNT.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μή

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • Neocatechumenal Way — Icon of the Virgin Mary by Kiko Argüello, the Spanish painter who initiated the Neocatechumenal Way. The Neocatechumenal Way, also known as the Neocatechumenate, NC Way or, colloquially, The Way or The Neocats is an organization within the… …   Wikipedia

  • Twelvefold way — In combinatorics, the twelvefold way is a name given to a systematic classification of 12 related enumerative problems concerning two finite sets, which include the classical problems of counting permutations, combinations, multisets, and… …   Wikipedia

  • Milky Way Galaxy — Large spiral galaxy (roughly 150,000 light years in diameter) that contains Earth s solar system. It includes the multitude of stars whose light is seen as the Milky Way, the irregular luminous band that encircles the sky defining the plane of… …   Universalium

  • Out of harm's way — Out Out (out), adv. [OE. out, ut, oute, ute, AS. [=u]t, and [=u]te, [=u]tan, fr. [=u]t; akin to D. uit, OS. [=u]t, G. aus, OHG. [=u]z, Icel. [=u]t, Sw. ut, Dan. ud, Goth. ut, Skr. ud. [root]198. Cf. {About}, {But}, prep., {Carouse}, {Utter}, a.]… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Out of the way — Out Out (out), adv. [OE. out, ut, oute, ute, AS. [=u]t, and [=u]te, [=u]tan, fr. [=u]t; akin to D. uit, OS. [=u]t, G. aus, OHG. [=u]z, Icel. [=u]t, Sw. ut, Dan. ud, Goth. ut, Skr. ud. [root]198. Cf. {About}, {But}, prep., {Carouse}, {Utter}, a.]… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • To put out of the way — Out Out (out), adv. [OE. out, ut, oute, ute, AS. [=u]t, and [=u]te, [=u]tan, fr. [=u]t; akin to D. uit, OS. [=u]t, G. aus, OHG. [=u]z, Icel. [=u]t, Sw. ut, Dan. ud, Goth. ut, Skr. ud. [root]198. Cf. {About}, {But}, prep., {Carouse}, {Utter}, a.]… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Diamond Way Buddhism — This article is about a specific Buddhist organization. For the form of Buddhism sometimes called Diamond Way Buddhism , see Vajrayana. Part of a series on Buddhism Outline · Portal …   Wikipedia

  • One-way compression function — In cryptography, a one way compression function is a function that transforms two fixed length inputs to an output of the same size as one of the inputs. The transformation is one way , meaning that it is difficult given a particular output to… …   Wikipedia

  • Half-Way Covenant — The Half Way Covenant was a form of partial church membership created by New England Puritans in 1662. It was promoted in particular by the Reverend Solomon Stoddard, who felt that the people of the English colonies were drifting away from their… …   Wikipedia

  • be couched in something — formal to be expressed a particular way Couched in generalities, the report named no one responsible for the incident …   English dictionary

  • be couched in something — formal phrase to be expressed a particular way Couched in generalities, the report named no one responsible for the incident. Thesaurus: words used to describe writing or speech stylehyponym to write somethingsynonym Main entry …   Useful english dictionary

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»